Heidelberg University
It has been suggested that Heidelberg University Faculty of Theology be merged into this article. (Discuss) Proposed since October 2023. |
Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg | |
U15, EUA | |
Website | uni-heidelberg |
---|---|
Data as of 2013[update] |
Heidelberg University, officially the Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg (German: Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg;
Heidelberg is one of the most prestigious universities in Germany
As of 2021,[update] 57 Nobel Prize winners have been affiliated with the city of Heidelberg and 33 with the university itself.[11] Modern scientific psychiatry, psychopharmacology, experimental psychology, psychiatric genetics, Mathematical statistics,[12] environmental physics,[13] and modern sociology[14] were introduced as scientific disciplines by Heidelberg students or faculty. Approximately 1,000 doctorates are completed every year, with more than one third of the doctoral students coming from abroad.[15][16] International students from some 130 countries account for more than 20 percent of the entire student body.[17]
History
Founding
The
On 18 October 1386 a special
Late Middle Ages
Between 1414 and 1418, theology and jurisprudence professors of the university took part in the Council of Constance and acted as counselors for Louis III, who attended this council as representative of the emperor and chief magistrate of the realm. This resulted in establishing a good reputation for the university and its professors.[26]
Due to the influence of Marsilius, the university initially taught the nominalism or via moderna. In 1412, both realism and the teachings of John Wycliffe were forbidden at the university but later, around 1454, the university decided that realism or via antique would also be taught, thus introducing two parallel ways (ambae viae).[27]
The transition from
Reformation and modern era
As the 16th century was passing, the late
As a consequence of the late
Meanwhile, the university itself continued to lose in prestige until the reign of the last elector
As a consequence of the disturbances caused by the French Revolution, and particularly because of the Treaty of Lunéville, the university lost all its property on the left bank of the Rhine, so that its complete dissolution was expected.[32]
19th and early 20th century
This decline did not stop until 1803, when the university was reestablished as a state-owned institution by
The German
In February 1900, the Grand Duchy of Baden issued a decree that gave women the right to access universities in Baden. Thus, the universities of Freiburg and Heidelberg were the first ones to allow women to study.
In the
Nazi Germany
After the establishment of
The heads of the university helped in the deportation of Jewish men, women and children directly to the gas chambers.[citation needed]
After the end of World War II, the university underwent an extensive denazification.
Federal Republic of Germany
Since Heidelberg was spared from destruction during World War II, the reconstruction of the university was realized rather quickly. With the foundation of the Collegium Academicum, Heidelberg University became the home of Germany's first and, until today, only self-governed student hall. Newly laid statutes obliged the university to "The Living Spirit of Truth, Justice and Humanity".[30]
During the 1960s and 1970s, the university grew dramatically in size. At this time, it developed into one of the main scenes of the left-wing
Today, about 28,000 students are enrolled for studies at Heidelberg University.
In 2022, a mass shooting occurred in the university, killing a woman and injuring three other people. The gunman then committed suicide.[42]
Campuses
"I saw Heidelberg on a perfectly clear morning, with a pleasant air both cool and invigorating. The city, just so, with the totality of its ambiance is, one might say, something ideal." |
— Johann Wolfgang von Goethe[43] |
Heidelberg is a city with approximately 140,000 inhabitants. It is situated in the
Old Town Campus
The so-called New University is regarded as the center of the Old Town Campus. It is situated at the Universitätsplatz (University Square) in the pedestrian zone, in direct vicinity to the University Library and to the main administration buildings. The New University was officially opened in 1931. Its erection was largely financed by donations of wealthy American families, in line with a fundraising campaign of
Neuenheimer Feld – New Campus
In the 1960s the university started building a new campus near the city district Neuenheim, called the Neuenheimer Feld. It is today the largest part of the university, and the largest campus for natural sciences and life science in Germany.[16] Almost all science faculties and institutes, the medical school, University Hospital Heidelberg, and the science branch of the University Library are situated on the New Campus. Most of the dormitories and the athletic facilities of the university can be found there as well.
Several independent research institutes, such as the German Cancer Research Center and two of the Max-Planck-Institutes have settled there. The New Campus is also the seat of several biomedical spin-off companies. The old part of town can be reached by tram and bus in about 10 minutes. The Neuenheimer Feld campus has extensive parking lots for faculty and student vehicles for long term and short term parking, as well as visitors and patients of the various university hospitals. The Faculty of Physics and Astronomy is not located on either campus, but on the Philosophers' Walk, separated from the Old Town by the River Neckar, and some 2 km (1.2 mi) away from the New Campus. It also maintains observatory facilities on the Königstuhl Mountain.[45]
The university maintains a botanical garden at Neuenheimer Feld.[47]
Bergheim Campus
The Bergheim Campus is located in the former Ludolf Krehl clinic (named after Ludolf von Krehl) in the inner-city suburb of Heidelberg-Bergheim. Since March 2009 it has housed the institutes economics, political science, and sociology (together the Heidelberg University Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences) that formerly resided at the Old Town campus. The Bergheim campus offers one lecture theatre, several seminar rooms, the most modern of the university libraries, and a cafe (rather than the full cafeteria present in the other campuses). Since 2019, the Bergheim Campus has also become the location of the Centre for Asian and Transcultural Studies of the Heidelberg University.
Libraries
The University Library is the main library of the university. Together with the branch libraries, serving the faculties and institutes, it forms the integral university library system comprising approximately 6.2 million printed volumes. The University Library's holdings exceeded one million in 1934. Today, it comprises about 3.2 million books, about 500,000 other media such as microfilms and video tapes, as well as 6,000 printed scientific periodicals. Moreover, it has 6,900 manuscripts, 1,800
The origins of today's University Library date back to 1386, the year the university was founded. Surrounding the new university, the libraries of the faculty of the arts, the three higher faculties (theology, law, medicine) and the collegiate library grew. The acquisition of a box of records, which was housed in the
Since 2021, all manuscripts of the Bibliotheca Palatina are accessible digitally online (848 German-language Palatina manuscripts, 2,030 Latin, 423 Greek, 267 Hebrew and 20 manuscripts in other languages).[49] Their digitization was achieved through the cooperation of Heidelberg University Library and the Vatican Library.
The university library expands its publication services: The Heidelberg document server heiDOK is an open access platform for members of the university. The university bibliography heiBIB lists all academic publications by university members. In 2015, Heidelberg University founded the publishing house Heidelberg University Publishing – heiUP, which is part of the university library. The publisher releases quality-controlled scientific publications in open access.
Facilities abroad
Heidelberg University founded a
The university is also represented by a liaison office in New York. Its main tasks include promoting existing collaborations, building up new networks, creating joint study programs, and maintaining and expanding academic contacts with American universities.[52]
Museum
The university has its own museum, in the main building of the old campus. Visitors are able to view the Great Hall (when not in use), and the former "student jail".[53]
Organization
Governance
The Rectorate is the 'executive body' of the university, headed by rector Bernhard Eitel. The rectorate consists of the chancellor, Holger Schroeter, who is the head of the central administration and responsible for the university's budgeting, and three pro-rectors, who are responsible for international relations, teaching and communication, and research and structure respectively.
The
The
Faculties
After a 2003 structural reformation, the university consists of 13
- The Faculty of Behavioural Sciences and Empirical Cultural Sciences
- The Faculty of Biosciences
- The Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences
- The Faculty of Engineering[55]
- The Faculty of Law
- The Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science
- The Faculty of Medicine
- The Faculty of Medicine in Mannheim
- The Faculty of Modern Languages
- The Faculty of Philosophy and History
- The Faculty of Physics and Astronomy
- The Faculty of Theology
- The Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences
Associated institutions
- Network for Research on Ageing
- Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim
- Heidelberg Center for American Studies
- Heidelberg Institute for International Conflict Research,
- Heidelberg State Observatory,[56]
- University Hospital Heidelberg,
- University Hospital Mannheim
Partnerships
The university has partnerships nationally and internationally. In particular, it maintains longstanding collaborations in research and education with the following independent research institutes located in and around Heidelberg:
- Center for Jewish Studies Heidelberg
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory
- German Cancer Research Center (Helmholtz Association)
- Heavy Ion Research Center Darmstadt(Helmholtz Association),
- Heidelberg University of Education
- Heidelberg Academy of Sciences
- Karlsruhe Research Center(Helmholtz Association)
- Max Planck Institute for Astronomy (Max Planck Society)
- Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law (Max Planck Society)
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research (Max Planck Society)
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics (Max Planck Society)
Academic profile
School statistics
The university employs more than 15,000 academic staff; most of them are physicians engaged in the
Rankings
University rankings | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall – Global & National | ||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||
By subject – Global & National | ||||||||||||||||
|
The University of Heidelberg has been consistently recognized in global and national university rankings. In the 2024 edition of the QS World University Rankings, Heidelberg ranked 87th globally and 3rd in Germany.[58] According to the 2024 Times Higher Education World University Rankings, the university was ranked 47th in the world and held the position as the 3rd best university in the country.[59] Moreover, in the 2023 ARWU World Rankings, Heidelberg secured the 55th position worldwide and was ranked first nationally.[60]
According to the funding report of the
In the Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities (NTU ranking) 2019, which measures the research outputs of universities, Heidelberg University is ranked 1st in Germany and 5th in Continental Europe.[65]
In the CWTS Leiden Ranking 2019 Heidelberg University is ranked 1st in Germany and 13th in Continental Europe over all sciences according to the scientific impact (number of publications in core journals). According to the indicator "Collaboration", Heidelberg University is 1st in Germany and 10th in Europe.[66]
Ranked by the number of Nobel Laureates affiliated with the university at the time of Nobel Prize announcement, Heidelberg was placed 1st in Germany, 4th in Europe and 13th in the world by 2013.[67]
According to the
The German
Measured by the number of top managers in the German economy, Heidelberg University ranked 53rd in 2019.[71]
|
|
Organisation and length of courses
The academic year is divided into two
Admission
In the winter-semester 2006/2007, the university offered 3,926 places in undergraduate programs restricted by numerus clausus, with an overall acceptance rate of 16.3%.[73] Most selective are the undergraduate programs in clinical medicine, molecular biotechnology, political science, and law, with acceptance rates of 3.6%,[74] 3.8%,[73] 7.6%[75] and 9.1%[76] respectively. The selection is exercised by allocating the best qualified applicants to a given number of places available in the respective discipline, thus depending primarily on the chosen subjects and the grade point average of the Abitur or its equivalent. For some majors and minors in humanities—particularly for conceptually non-vocational like classics and ancient history—unrestricted admission is granted under certain criteria (e.g., relevant language proficiency), as applications regularly do not exceed the number of places available.
For prospective international undergraduate students, a language test for German—such as the DSH—is required. Admission to consecutive Master's programs always requires at least an undergraduate degree equivalent to the German grade "good" (i.e., normally B+ in American, or 2:1 in British terms). Except for the Master's programs taught in English, a language test for German must be passed as well. PhD admission prerequisite is normally a strong Master's-level degree, but specific admission procedures vary and cannot be generalized.[77] International applicants usually make up considerably more than 20% of the applicant pool and are considered individually by the merits achieved in their respective country of origin.[78]
Finances
The German state heavily subsidizes university study to keep higher education affordable regardless of socio-economic background.[79] From 2007 to 2012, Heidelberg has charged tuition fees of approximately €1,200 p.a. for undergraduate, consecutive Master's, and doctoral programs, for both EU and non-EU citizens, and for any subject area. However, from spring term 2012 onwards, tuition fees have been abolished.[80] The usual housing costs for on-campus dormitories range from €2,200 to €3,000 p.a.[81]
In the fiscal year 2005, Heidelberg University had an overall operating budget of approximately €856 M, consisting of approximately €413 M government funds, approximately €311 M basic budget, and approximately €132 M from external grants. The university spent approximately €529 M in payroll costs and approximately €326 M in other expenditures.[82] Additionally, the university receives another €150 M in research grants, distributed over 5 years from 2012 onwards, due to the German Universities Excellence Initiative. In the fiscal year 2007, the university for the first time raised approximately €19 M through tuition fees, exclusively to further improve the conditions of study. Only approximately €9.5 M of these were spent at the end of the year and the rectorate had to urge the faculties to make use of their additional means.[83]
Research
Among historical scientific achievements of Heidelberg researchers features prominently the invention of
Today, the university puts an emphasis on natural sciences and medicine, but it retains its traditions with highly ranked faculties of humanities and social sciences. The Marsilius Kolleg, named after Marsilius of Inghen, was established in 2007 as a Center for Advanced Study to promote interdisciplinary dialogue and research especially between the sciences and the humanities.[92] Other institutes such as the Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, the Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, the Heidelberg Center for American Studies, and the South Asia Institute also build a bridge between faculties and thus emphasize the concept of a comprehensive university.
Noted regular publications of the
The
International cooperations
Heidelberg is a founding member of the
Student life
Sports
The university offers a broad variety of athletics, such as teams in 16 different court sports from
Groups
Moreover, the university supports a number of student groups in various fields of interest. Among them are four drama clubs, the university orchestra Collegium Musicum, four choirs, six student media groups, six groups of international students, nine groups of political parties and NGO's, several departments of European organizations of students in certain disciplines, four clubs dedicated to fostering international relations and cultural exchange, a chess club, a literature club, two debate societies (one focused on English debating, the other focused on German debating), one student consulting group, and four religious student groups. Student unions structure themselves as "Studierendenrat" (Student body council) as well as on department level.[104]
Media
Heidelberg's student newspaper "ruprecht" is—with editions of more than 10,000 copies—one of Germany's largest student-run newspapers. It was recently distinguished by the
However, the critical online student newspaper UNiMUT, which is run by the joint student council of the faculties, criticized the ruprecht often for being conformed, and exceedingly layout-oriented.[106]
Heidelberg is also home of Germany's oldest student
Studentenverbindung
Heidelberg hosts 34 student
Nightlife
Heidelberg is not least famous for its student night life.[108] Besides the various parties regularly organized by the student councils of the faculties, the semester opening and closing parties of the university, the dormitory parties, and the soirées of Heidelberg's 34 student fraternities, the city offers night life for any taste and budget.[citation needed]
Notable alumni
Alumni and faculty of the university include many founders and pioneers of
Besides several
Alumni in the field of arts include classical composer
Philosophers
Present faculty include
In fiction and popular culture
Literature
In 1880 Mark Twain humorously detailed his impressions of Heidelberg's student life in A Tramp Abroad. He painted a picture of the university as a school for aristocrats, where students pursued a dandy's lifestyle, and described the great influence the student corporations exerted on the whole of Heidelberg's student life.[109]
In
E. C. Gordon, the hero of
In
Film and television
The 1927 silent film
See also
- List of medieval universities
- Mannheim University of Applied Sciences for jointly run programs
- Rhine Neckar Metropolitan Area
Notes
- ^ "Mission Statement". uni-heidelberg.de. Archived from the original on 17 May 2017. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
- ^ "Daten und Fakten – Finanzen". Universität Heidelberg. Archived from the original on 29 October 2018. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
- ^ "Daten und Fakten – Personal". Universität Heidelberg. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
- ^ "Kennzahlen Studium – Studierende und Wissenschaftlicher Nachwuchs". Universität Heidelberg. Archived from the original on 26 March 2020. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
- ^ a b c "Studierendenstatistik WS 2012/2013" (PDF). www.uni-heidelberg.de (in German). Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 January 2017. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
- ^ Schönmann, Jochen (20 October 2007). "Elite-Uni Heidelberg: Der Stolz der alten Dame". Der Spiegel. Archived from the original on 11 December 2022. Retrieved 11 December 2022.
- ^ "World Reputation Ranking 2022". Times Higher Education. 2022.
- ^ The university does not include departments of business, visual arts, and engineering, except for computer engineering. For a list of subjects offered see "Subjects offered at Heidelberg University". Heidelberg University (in German). Archived from the original on 27 September 2017. Retrieved 2 October 2010.
- ^ "List of courses on offer at Heidelberg University". Heidelberg University. Archived from the original on 17 September 2017. Retrieved 21 July 2016.
- ^ "Über uns – HEIPAR e. V". Archived from the original on 26 September 2020. Retrieved 17 December 2019.
- ^ Watzke, Christian. "Nobel Laureates affiliated with Heidelberg University – Heidelberg University". www.uni-heidelberg.de. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 November 2012. Retrieved 17 March 2018.
- ^ ISBN 978-3-933510-94-5.
- ^ a b "Department of Physics and Astronomy". Heidelberg University. Archived from the original on 23 September 2017. Retrieved 26 September 2010.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-4128-1666-3.
- ^ "Graduate Academy of the University of Heidelberg". Heidelberg University Homepage. Archived from the original on 15 December 2007. Retrieved 16 May 2008.
- ^ a b c "Interview with Rector Bernhard Eitel – Vorstoss in die internationale Dimension". Rhein Neckar Zeitung online. Archived from the original on 11 April 2008. Retrieved 16 May 2008.
- ^ "Heidelberg Research Magazine Ruperto Carola 1/2004". Heidelberg University Homepage. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 16 May 2008.
- ^ a b c Cser 2007, p. 31
- ^ Wolgast 1986, p. 1–2
- ^ a b c Wolgast 1986, p. 3
- ISBN 978-90-5867-474-6.
- ^ Wolgast 1986, p. 1
- ^ Cser 2007, p. 39
- ^ Wolgast 1986, p. 5–6
- ^ Cser 2007, p. 40
- ^ Cser 2007, p. 43
- ^ Gabriel 1974, pp. 459–61
- ^ "Heidelberg University – Catholic Encyclopedia". Catholic Online. Archived from the original on 9 September 2017. Retrieved 16 May 2008.
- ^ a b c d Cser 2007, p. [page needed]
- ^ a b c d "History of the University". Heidelberg University Homepage. Archived from the original on 19 December 2007. Retrieved 16 May 2008.
- ^ "A history of the Church of St. Peter". Heidelberg University Homepage. Archived from the original on 2 January 2008. Retrieved 16 May 2008.
- ^ a b Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. .
- ^ "When German Universities were Models for American Universities". atlanticreview.org. Archived from the original on 19 December 2016. Retrieved 10 January 2010.
- ^ Wolgast 1986, p. 146
- ^ Cser 2007, p. 278
- ^ Cser 2007, p. 256
- ^ Remy 2002, pp. 72–3, 107–10
- ^ "History". Medizinische Fakultät Heidelberg. Archived from the original on 22 May 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2010.
- ^ "Student protests at Heidelberg". Ruprecht online – Heidelberg University Homepage. Archived from the original on 15 February 2009. Retrieved 16 May 2008. from Ruprecht, issue 37, 12.07.95
- ^ a b "QS – Heidelberg University statistics". QS – Top Universities. Archived from the original on 5 October 2010. Retrieved 2 October 2010.
- ^ "Press Releases – Rector Prof. Eitel: "An invaluable opportunity to aim at goals that would otherwise have been unattainable."". Heidelberg University Homepage. Archived from the original on 6 November 2016. Retrieved 16 May 2008.
- SWR.de (in German). Archivedfrom the original on 15 April 2022. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
- ^ "Goethe citation, Unispiegel 3/99". Unispiegel Homepage. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 20 May 2008.
Ich sah Heidelberg an einem völlig klaren Morgen, der durch eine angenehme Luft zugleich kühl und erquicklich war. Die Stadt in ihrer Lage und mit ihrer ganzen Umgebung hat, man darf sagen, etwas Ideales.
- ^ "Heidelberg City Information". heidelberg.de – City Homepage. Archived from the original on 4 February 2009. Retrieved 16 May 2008.
- ^ a b c "Maps of Heidelberg University". Heidelberg University Homepage. Archived from the original on 7 June 2008. Retrieved 16 May 2008.
- ^ "7. Jacob Gould Schurman Public Lecture at Heidelberg University: "The Idea of the American Century"". Heidelberg University Homepage. Archived from the original on 25 December 2007. Retrieved 16 May 2008.
- ^ "Botanischer Garten der Universität Heidelberg". www.bgci.org. Archived from the original on 21 July 2016. Retrieved 9 May 2019.
- ^ "The library system of the University of Heidelberg in numbers". University Library of Heidelberg Homepage. Archived from the original on 3 February 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
- ^ "Bibliotheca Palatina – digital". University Library of Heidelberg Homepage. Archived from the original on 6 February 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
- ^ a b "The Center". Heidelberg Center for Latin America Homepage. Archived from the original on 10 September 2017. Retrieved 16 May 2008.
- ^ "Heidelberg South Asia Institute". Heidelberg University website. Archived from the original on 7 October 2017. Retrieved 28 May 2012.
- ^ "Heidelberg University in New York". Deutschland Magazin.de. Archived from the original on 4 August 2012. Retrieved 16 May 2008.
- ^ "About the University Museum". Heidelberg University. Archived from the original on 25 July 2019. Retrieved 25 July 2019.
- ^ "Universitätsorgane und Funktionsträger". Heidelberg University Homepage. Archived from the original on 20 April 2008. Retrieved 16 May 2008.
- ^ "Universität Heidelberg gründet Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften". Heidelberg University. Archived from the original on 18 February 2023. Retrieved 18 February 2023.
- ^ "ZAH, Landessternwarte Königstuhl". www.lsw.uni-heidelberg.de. Archived from the original on 11 February 2023. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
- ^ "Facts". Heidelberg University. Archived from the original on 19 August 2010. Retrieved 18 September 2010.
- ^ a b "QS World University Rankings 2024". QS World University Rankings. Archived from the original on 8 June 2022. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
- ^ a b "World University Rankings 2023". Times Higher Education World University Rankings. 4 October 2022. Archived from the original on 27 September 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2022.
- ^ a b "2023 Academic Ranking of World Universities". Academic Ranking of World Universities. Archived from the original on 29 August 2023. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
- ^ a b c "QS World University Rankings by Subject 2024". QS World University Rankings. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
- ^ a b c "World University Rankings by subject". Times Higher Education World University Rankings. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
- ^ a b "ShanghaiRanking's Global Ranking of Academic Subjects 2023". Academic Ranking of World Universities. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
- ISBN 978-3-527-34520-5
- ^ "NTU ranking 2019". Archived from the original on 20 September 2020. Retrieved 4 March 2020.
- ^ "CWTS Leiden Ranking 2019". Archived from the original on 16 July 2020. Retrieved 4 March 2020.
- ^ a b "Nobel Prizes and Universities". Nobel Foundation Homepage. Archived from the original on 10 April 2008. Retrieved 16 May 2008.
- ^ "CORDIS: Science and Technology Indicators: Snapshots" (PDF). Third European Report on Science and Technology Indicators. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 July 2011. Retrieved 16 May 2008.
- ^ "CORDIS: Science and Technology Indicators: full version". Third European Report on Science and Technology Indicators. Archived from the original on 7 June 2007. Retrieved 16 May 2008.
- ^ "CHE ExcellenceRanking 2010". Center for Higher Education Development Excellence Ranking. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 June 2011. Retrieved 11 June 2010.
- ^ "An diesen Unis haben die DAX-Vorstände studiert | charly.education". www.charly.education (in German). Archived from the original on 2 August 2019. Retrieved 19 October 2019.
- ^ "Application and Matriculation for International Students". Heidelberg University. Archived from the original on 23 September 2017. Retrieved 26 September 2010.
- ^ a b "Universität Heidelberg – Pressemitteilungen 1". Heidelberg University Homepage. Archived from the original on 1 July 2007. Retrieved 16 May 2008.
- ^ "Angebot- und Nachfrage nach Studienplätzen in bundesweit zulassungsbeschränkten Studiengängen zum Wintersemester 2006/2007 – Studiengang Medizin" (PDF). ZVS Homepage. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 April 2008. Retrieved 16 May 2008.
- ^ "Universität Heidelberg – Pressemitteilungen 2". Heidelberg University Homepage. Retrieved 16 May 2008.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Universität Heidelberg – Pressemitteilungen 3". Heidelberg University Homepage. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 16 May 2008.
- ^ "Graduiertenakademie – Universität Heidelberg". www.graduateacademy.uni-heidelberg.de. Archived from the original on 11 February 2023. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
- ^ "Heidelberg University – Press Releases". Heidelberg University Homepage. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 16 May 2008.
- ^ As a benchmark: The state must pay approximately €33,000 (=$48,500) per year for each medical student. See "Testergebnisse versus Schulnoten als Auswahlkriterien: Paternoster-Effekt, Filter-Effekt, Kosten-Nutzen-Effekte und Auswirkungen auf die Fairneß der Zulassung". University of Fribourg Homepage. Archived from the original on 20 April 2008. Retrieved 16 May 2008.
- ^ "Studiengebühren (Tuition)". Baden Württemberg Ministry for Education and Research website. Archived from the original on 2 September 2012. Retrieved 16 May 2008.
- ^ "Information for incoming Erasmus Students". Heidelberg University Homepage. Retrieved 16 May 2008.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Desastis – Statistiken und Kennzahlen zur Hochschulfinanzierung". Statistisches Bundesamt Homepage. Archived from the original on 12 August 2011. Retrieved 16 May 2008.
- ^ "Fachbereiche horten Millionen" (php). Südwestumschau online. Archived from the original on 14 February 2009. Retrieved 16 May 2008.
- ^ a b "History of Chemistry at Heidelberg". Heidelberg University Homepage. 28 May 2008. Archived from the original on 4 May 2008. Retrieved 28 May 2008.
- (PDF) from the original on 9 November 2006. Retrieved 28 May 2008.
- ^ "Scientific achievements of Mendeleyev". Britannica online. 28 May 2008. Archived from the original on 7 May 2008. Retrieved 28 May 2008.
- ^ "Rituals of smoking". Heidelberg University Homepage. 28 May 2008. Archived from the original on 11 September 2018. Retrieved 28 May 2008.
- ^ "History of the Center of Astronomy". Heidelberg University Homepage. 28 May 2008. Archived from the original on 15 December 2018. Retrieved 28 May 2008.
- ^ "Die Idee der Plastination". Bodyworlds. Archived from the original on 9 July 2008. Retrieved 28 May 2008.
- ^ "200 years medical history at Heidelberg University". Heidelberg University Homepage. Archived from the original on 1 July 2007. Retrieved 5 June 2008.
- ^ "News". Informationsdienst Wissenschaften. Archived from the original on 1 November 2013. Retrieved 28 May 2008.
- ^ "Marsilius Kolleg". Marsilius Kolleg Homepage. Archived from the original on 23 March 2009. Retrieved 16 May 2008.
- ^ "Center for Astronomy – Publications". Heidelberg University Homepage. Archived from the original on 13 May 2008. Retrieved 16 May 2008.
- ^ "Conflict Barometer". Heidelberg Institute for International Conflict Research. Archived from the original on 13 May 2008. Retrieved 17 May 2008.
- ^ "Publications of the Institute". Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law Homepage. Archived from the original (cfm) on 2 April 2008. Retrieved 17 May 2008.
- ^ "DFG – Lists of Collaborative Research Centers". German Research Foundation Homepage. Archived from the original on 7 May 2008. Retrieved 16 May 2008.
- ^ "DFG: Funded projects". German Research Foundation Homepage. Archived from the original on 14 June 2008. Retrieved 16 May 2008.
- ^ "Exzellenzcluster 81 Cellular Networks: From Analysis of Molecular Mechanisms to a Quantitative Understanding of Complex Functions". DFG – Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Archived from the original on 25 May 2011. Retrieved 2 October 2010.
- ^ "Cluster of Excellence – Asia and Europe". Heidelberg University. Archived from the original on 17 July 2009. Retrieved 16 May 2008.
- ^ "International cooperations". Heidelberg University Homepage. Archived from the original on 18 September 2017. Retrieved 16 May 2008.
- ^ See "The Higher Education Compass – International Cooperations". German Rectors Conference Homepage. Archived from the original on 31 March 2008. Retrieved 16 May 2008.
- ^ "Hochschulsport der Universität Heidelberg". Heidelberg University Homepage. Archived from the original on 15 July 2013. Retrieved 16 May 2008.
- ^ "USC Heidelberg". University Sports Club Heidelberg. Archived from the original on 2 May 2010. Retrieved 16 May 2008.
- ^ "Erasmus – Incoming students – Student Life". Heidelberg University. Archived from the original on 6 October 2010. Retrieved 2 October 2010.
- ^ "Der "ruprecht" ist Deutschlands beste Studentenzeitung" (PDF). Rhein Neckar Zeitung online. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 May 2008. Retrieved 16 May 2008.
- ^ "UniMUT – Der Kampf geht weiter!". Ruprecht online. Archived from the original on 21 February 2009. Retrieved 16 May 2008.
- ^ "StudZR – About us". StudZR Homepage. Archived from the original on 24 February 2008. Retrieved 16 May 2008.
- ^ "Heidelberg night life". Rhein-Neckar guide. Archived from the original on 9 July 2008. Retrieved 16 May 2008.
- ^ "A Tramp Abroad, By Mark Twain, Complete". Project Gutenberg. Archived from the original on 23 May 2017. Retrieved 16 May 2008.
- ^ Of Human Bondage, By William Somerset Maugham, Complete. Archived from the original on 12 May 2008. Retrieved 10 February 2009 – via Project Gutenberg.
- ISBN 978-0-679-44279-0.
- ^ "The Reader 2008". IMDb. Archived from the original on 20 February 2009. Retrieved 22 February 2009.
- ^ "The Student Prince in Old Heidelberg (1927)". IMDb. Archived from the original on 9 May 2008. Retrieved 16 May 2008.
- ^ "The Student Prince". Musical & Theatre Guide. Archived from the original on 7 April 2018. Retrieved 16 May 2008.
References
- Cser, Andreas (2007). Kleine Geschichte der Stadt Heidelberg und ihrer Universität [Short history of the city of Heidelberg and its University] (in German). Karlsruhe: Verlag G. Braun. ISBN 978-3-7650-8337-2.
- Gabriel, Astrid L. (1974). ""Via antiqua" and "via moderna" in the fiftennth century". In Zimmermann, Albert (ed.). Antiqui und Moderni. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 459–61. OCLC 185583682.
- Remy, Steven P. (2002). The Heidelberg Myth: The Nazification and Denazification of a German University. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-00933-2.
- Schlusemann, Rita (2003). "Power and creativity at the court of heidelberg". In Martin Gosman; Alasdair A. MacDonald; Arie Johan Vanderjagt (eds.). Princes and princely culture, 1450–1650. Vol. 1. Brill. pp. 279–294.
- Eckart, Wolfgang U.; Sellin, Volker; Wolgast, Eike (2006). Die Universität Heidelberg im Nationalsozialismus (in German). Berlin: Springer Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-21442-7.
- Wolgast, Eike (1986). Die Universität Heidelberg: 1386–1986 (in German). Berlin: Springer Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-16829-4.
Further reading
- Drüll, Dagmar (1991) [1986]. Heidelberger Gelehrtenlexikon, Bd. 1: 1803–1932, Bd. 2: 1652–1802, Bd. 3: 1386–1651, Bd. 4: 1933–1986 (in German). Heidelberg: Springer.
- Happ, Sabine; Moritz, Werner (2003). Die Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Ansichten – Einblicke – Rückblicke (in German). Erfurt: Sutton Verlag. ISBN 978-3-89702-522-6.
- Hawicks, Heike; Runde, Ingo (Hgg.) (2016). Die Alte Aula der Universität Heidelberg, hrsg. im Auftrag des Rektors (in German). Heidelberg. ISBN 9783946054115.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link - Hawicks, Heike; Runde, Ingo (Hgg.) (2017). Päpste – Kurfürsten – Professoren – Reformatoren. Heidelberg und der Heilige Stuhl von den Reformkonzilien des Mittelalters zur Reformation. Katalog zur Ausstellung im Kurpfälzischen Museum vom 21. Mai bis 22. Oktober 2017, hrsg. vom Universitätsarchiv Heidelberg sowie vom Historischen Verein zur Förderung der Calvinismusforschung e.V. und vom Kurpfälzischen Museum Heidelberg (PDF) (in German). Heidelberg / Neustadt a.d.W. / Ubstadt-Weiher / Basel.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Hawicks, Heike; Runde, Ingo (2018). "Heidelberg and the Holy See – from the Late Medieval Reform Councils to the Reformation in the Electoral Palatinate". 1517. Le università e la Riforma protestante. Studi e ricerche nel quinto anniversario delle tesi luterane (Studi e ricerche sull'università), ed. Simona Negruzzo. Bologna. pp. 33–54. ISBN 978-88-15-27983-5.
- Krabusch, H. (1961). "Das Archiv der Universität Heidelberg. Geschichte und Bedeutung". Aus der Geschichte der Universität Heidelberg und Ihrer Fakultäten. Sonderbd. Der Ruperto Carola, HRSG. Von G. Hinz (in German). pp. 82–111.
- Lutzmann, Heiner. Die Rektorbücher der Universität Heidelberg. Band I: 1386–1410. Heft III, Jürgen Miethke Protocollum Contubernii: Visitation und Rechnungspüfung von 1568–1615, Gerhard Merkel.
- Moraw, Peter (1983). "Heidelberg: Universität, Hof und Stadt im ausgehenden Mittelalter". Studien zum städtischen Bidlungswesen des späten Mittelalters und der frühen Neuzeit, HRSG. Von Bernd Moeller, Hans Patze, Karl Stackmann, Redaktion Ludger Grenzmann (Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen, Philol.-hist. Klasse, III.137) (in German). Göttingen. pp. 524–552.
- Moritz, Werner (2001). "Die Aberkennung des Doktortitels an der Universität Heidelberg während der NS- Zeit". In Kohnle, Armin; Engehausen, Frank (eds.). Zwischen Wissenschaft und Politik. Studien zur deutschen Universitätsgeschichte. Festschrift für Eike Wolgast zum 65. Geburtstag (in German). Stuttgart. pp. 540–562.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Ritter, Gerhard (1986) [1st. Pub. 1936]. Die Heidelberger Universität im Mittelalter (1386–1508), Ein Stück deutscher Geschichte (in German). Heidelberg. ISBN 978-3-533-03742-2.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link - Runde, Ingo (2013). "Das Universitätsarchiv Heidelberg. Von der parva archella zum modernen Archivbetrieb" (PDF). Universitätsarchive in Südwestdeutschland. Geschichte - Bestände - Projekte. Tagung anlässlich des 625-jährigen Jubiläums der Ersterwähnung einer Archivkiste der Universität Heidelberg zum 8. Februar 1388 (Heidelberger Schriften zur Universitätsgeschichte 1), hrsg. von Ingo Runde (in German). Heidelberg. pp. 47–71. ISBN 978-3-8253-6252-2.
- Runde, Ingo (Hrsg.) (2017). Die Universität Heidelberg und ihre Professoren während des Ersten Weltkriegs. Beiträge zur Tagung im Universitätsarchiv Heidelberg am 6. und 7. November 2014 (Heidelberger Schriften zur Universitätsgeschichte 6) (in German). Heidelberg. ISBN 978-3-8253-6695-7.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link - Runde, Ingo (2018). "Universitätsreformen in Heidelberg – Überlieferung und Erschließung". Universität – Reform. Ein Spannungsverhältnis von langer Dauer (12.–21. Jahrhundert), Tagung der Gesellschaft für Universitäts- und Wissenschaftsgeschichte, 18.–20. September 2013 in der Herzog August Bibliothek Wolfenbüttel (Veröffentlichungen der Gesellschaft für Universitäts- und Wissenschaftsgeschichte 14), hrsg. von Martin Kintzinger / Wolfgang Eric Wagner / Julia Crispin (in German). Basel. pp. 71–92. ISBN 978-3-7965-3793-6.
- Schettler, Gotthard, ed. (1986). Das Klinikum der Universität Heidelberg und seine Institute (in German). Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer. ISBN 978-3-540-16033-5.
- Doerr u.a., Wilhelm, ed. (1985). "Semper apertus". Sechshundert Jahre Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg 1386–1986, Festschrift in sechs Bänden (in German). Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer.
- Winkelmann, Eduard, ed. (1886). Urkundenbuch der Universität Heidelberg, Bd. I–II (in German). Heidelberg.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
External links
- Official website
- Encyclopedia Americana. 1920. .
- Collier's New Encyclopedia. 1921. .
- Catholic Encyclopedia. 1913. .