Skikda
Skikda
سكيكدة | |
|---|---|
UTC+1 (CET) | |
| Postal code | 21000 |
| Climate | Csa |
Skikda (
History
The
In
Present-day Skikda was founded by Sylvain Charles Valée in 1838 under the name Philippeville,[1] honoring the French king at the time. The French were in the process of annexing Algeria and developed Philippeville as a port for Constantine,[1] Algeria's third-largest city. The two cities were connected by rail. The harbour works, with every vessel in port, was destroyed by a storm in 1878; a larger harbour was then built.[1] On 10 October 1883, there was an earthquake in Philippeville.[6]
Towards the end of
Battle of Philippeville
An attack by the FLN in 1955 during the war of Independence left around 123 civilians dead, mainly French and those suspected of collaboration.[8] Angered over the massacre of civilians, including women, seniors, and babies, the French escalated their offensive against the FLN. Reprisals by French forces may have killed between 1,200 (according to French sources,) and 12,000 civilians (according to the FLN.)
1989 shipping disaster
The city has a commercial harbour with a gas and oil terminal. On 15 February 1989 the Dutch tanker the MV Maassluis was anchored just outside the port, waiting to dock the next day at the terminal, when extreme weather broke out. The ship's anchors did not hold and the ship smashed on the pier-head of the port. The disaster killed 27 of the 29 people on board.[9]
Modern Skikda
The city has a population of 250,000.
The official city flag colours are blue and white, the colours of the Mediterranean. The current postal code is 21000. Skikda has the third largest commercial port in Algeria after
Geography
Skikda lies on the coast of the Gulf of Stora, part of the Mediterranean Sea. The landscape is hilly and forested, with high ridges on both the western and eastern sides of the city.
Climate
Skikda has a Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csa), with cool, wet winters and very warm, dry summers.
| Climate data for Skikda (1961–1990, extremes 1926–1992) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 26.4 (79.5) |
30.6 (87.1) |
32.0 (89.6) |
34.6 (94.3) |
38.8 (101.8) |
41.0 (105.8) |
44.4 (111.9) |
46.7 (116.1) |
44.0 (111.2) |
38.0 (100.4) |
33.0 (91.4) |
28.0 (82.4) |
46.7 (116.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 16.1 (61.0) |
16.6 (61.9) |
17.5 (63.5) |
19.5 (67.1) |
22.2 (72.0) |
25.1 (77.2) |
28.4 (83.1) |
28.9 (84.0) |
27.3 (81.1) |
24.3 (75.7) |
20.5 (68.9) |
17.1 (62.8) |
22.0 (71.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 12.0 (53.6) |
12.3 (54.1) |
13.2 (55.8) |
15.1 (59.2) |
17.9 (64.2) |
21.0 (69.8) |
23.9 (75.0) |
24.6 (76.3) |
22.9 (73.2) |
19.8 (67.6) |
16.1 (61.0) |
13.0 (55.4) |
17.6 (63.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 8.0 (46.4) |
7.9 (46.2) |
8.8 (47.8) |
10.7 (51.3) |
13.5 (56.3) |
16.7 (62.1) |
19.4 (66.9) |
20.2 (68.4) |
18.5 (65.3) |
15.3 (59.5) |
11.6 (52.9) |
8.9 (48.0) |
13.3 (55.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 0.0 (32.0) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
3.0 (37.4) |
5.0 (41.0) |
8.0 (46.4) |
10.2 (50.4) |
12.3 (54.1) |
11.6 (52.9) |
2.0 (35.6) |
0.0 (32.0) |
0.0 (32.0) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 115.3 (4.54) |
94.0 (3.70) |
75.6 (2.98) |
60.8 (2.39) |
29.9 (1.18) |
13.1 (0.52) |
2.9 (0.11) |
9.7 (0.38) |
30.1 (1.19) |
75.0 (2.95) |
99.2 (3.91) |
123.0 (4.84) |
728.8 (28.69) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 15 | 11 | 12 | 10 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 7 | 12 | 13 | 16 | 112 |
| Average relative humidity (%)
|
75 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 76 | 75 | 73 | 75 | 75 | 74 | 75 | 75 | 75 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 139.5 | 155.4 | 207.7 | 222.0 | 279.0 | 306.0 | 356.5 | 322.4 | 258.0 | 201.5 | 156.0 | 133.3 | 2,737.3 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 4.5 | 5.5 | 6.7 | 7.4 | 9.0 | 10.2 | 11.5 | 10.4 | 8.6 | 6.5 | 5.2 | 4.3 | 7.5 |
| Source 1: NOAA[10] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (extremes 1926–1992, sun 1952–1990, humidity 1973–1992, and avg. precipitation days 1952–1970)[11] | |||||||||||||
Economy
Historically, Skikda is known for its seaport. It was described, in 1911, by
On 19 January 2004, a fire and explosion at the Skikda LNG facility killed 29 people and caused $940,000,000 worth of damage. The accident incapacitated three LNG trains and impacted approximately 2% of the world's liquefaction capacity. The explosion was preceded by the ingestion of a sizable leak of cold hydrocarbon into the boiler of the westernmost LNG line. This caused the boiler to explode. According to the 2014 Marsh report into the world's largest industrial disaster, the Skikda explosion is ranked No. 3 in the hydrocarbon industry.
Transportation
The main road from Skikda is the N3 to
Skikda is the terminus of the
Notable people
- Fadéla M'rabet (born 1935), writer and feminist
- Rose Celli (1895–1982), novelist, playwright, translator and poet
Photo Gallery
References
Citations
- ^ a b c d e Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 21 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 390.
- ^ Huss (2006).
- ISBN 978-0-521-22717-9.
- Nat. Hist., Book V, §22; Tab. Peut., 3.3; Rav. Cosmogr., 39.12.
- De Situ, Book I, §33; Julius Honorius, Cosmogr., A.44; Vibius Sequester, Geogr., p. 151.
- New York Times. 10 October 1883.
- ^ source Page at Holocaust database
- ^ Ben Abro, Assassination! July 14, University of Nebraska Press (2001), p251
- ^ Website Nieuwsdossier on Sinking of Maassluis Archived 3 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine, retrieved 3 August 2010
- ^ "Climate Normals for Skikda". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 27 March 2016.
- ^ "Klimatafel von Skikda (Philippeville) / Algerien" (PDF). Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved 27 March 2016.
- ^ "Philippeville, Algeria". World Digital Library. 1899. Retrieved 26 September 2013.
Bibliography
- Huss, Werner (2006), "Rusicade", Brill's New Pauly Encyclopedia of the Ancient World, Leiden: Brill.
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