Russia–South Ossetia relations
South Ossetia |
Russia |
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Russia–South Ossetia relations (
Background
Following several months of increased tensions in the region,
Russian recognition of South Ossetia
On 21 August 2008, the same day as a similar event in
On 26 August 2008, President Medvedev signed
Many high level Russian politicians including
As a result of the Russian recognition of Abkhazian and South Ossetian independence, Georgia severed diplomatic relations with Russia on 29 August 2008,[14] and declared that it regards South Ossetia and Abkhazia as occupied territories.[citation needed]
Bilateral relationship
Diplomatic ties
Russia and South Ossetia established
On 25 September 2008, President Medvedev signed an
Political ties
Eduard Kokoity said during talks with
On 17 September 2008, Russia and South Ossetia signed a
In September 2008, United Russia and the Unity Party signed a strategic partnership in order to increase political cooperation between Russia and South Ossetia.[26]
On 30 April 2009, Russia and South Ossetia concluded negotiations and signed a border protection treaty at
President Medvedev made a working visit to Tskhinval on 13 July 2009, becoming the first Russian leader to visit South Ossetia.[27] The visit, which was criticised by Georgia,[citation needed] saw Medvedev confirming that Russia would increase contacts with South Ossetia and would implement numerous projects to assist in the rebuilding effort in the Republic.[28]
Following Medvedev's visit,
On 7 August 2009, Dmitry Medvedev in an interview for the documentary In August 2008... stated that Russia would continue to develop bilateral ties with South Ossetia "regardless of whether somebody likes it or not."[29][30]
Military ties
The Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance which was signed in September 2008 came into force on 20 January 2009, and stipulates a Russian guarantee of military intervention in case South Ossetia should be attacked.
In June 2009, Makarov stated that it was likely that the Russian military presence in South Ossetia would be reduced, but that the development and staffing of the Russian military base near Tskhinval would proceed as planned.[
The "alliance and integration" treaty signed between Russia and South Ossetia in March 2015 formally incorporated the South Ossetian military into the Russian Armed Forces.[32]
Economic ties
Due to its small population and lack of
Plans of integration with the Russian Federation
On 30 August 2008, Tarzan Kokoity, the Deputy Speaker of South Ossetia's parliament, announced that the region would soon be absorbed into Russia, so that South and North Ossetians could live together in one united Russian state.[35] Russian and South Ossetian forces began giving residents in Akhalgori, the biggest town in the predominantly ethnic Georgian eastern part of South Ossetia, the choice of accepting Russian citizenship or leaving.[36] However, Eduard Kokoity, the then president of South Ossetia, later stated that South Ossetia would not forgo its independence by joining Russia: "We are not going to say no to our independence, which has been achieved at the expense of many lives; South Ossetia has no plans to join Russia." Civil Georgia has said that this statement contradicts previous ones made by Kokoity earlier that day, when he indicated that South Ossetia would join North Ossetia in the Russian Federation.[35][37]
The South Ossetian and Russian presidents signed an "alliance and integration" treaty on 18 March 2015.
In another move towards integration with the Russian Federation, South Ossetian President Leonid Tibilov proposed in December 2015 a name change to "South Ossetia–Alania" — in analogy with "North Ossetia–Alania", a Russian federal subject. Tibilov furthermore suggested holding a referendum on joining the Russian Federation prior to April 2017, which would lead to a united "Ossetia–Alania".[42] In April 2016, Tibilov said he intended to hold the referendum before August of that year.[43][44] However, on 30 May, Tibilov postponed the referendum until after the presidential election due in April 2017.[45] At the name change referendum, nearly 80 percent of those who voted endorsed the name change.
On 30 March 2022, President Anatoly Bibilov announced his intention to begin legal proceedings in the near future to integration with the Russian Federation.[46]
See also
- North Ossetia-Alania
- South Ossetia
- 2017 South Ossetian name change referendum
References
- ISBN 9780765615688.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: others (link - ^ Owen, Elizabeth; Lomsadze, Giorgi (8 August 2008). "Georgia: All-out war looms in South Ossetia". Eurasianet. Retrieved 2009-08-08.
- ^ Dzhindzhikhashvili, Misha; Birch, Douglas; Abdaladze, George; Heintz, Jim; Isachenkov, Vladimir; Berry, Lynn (10 August 2008). "Georgian troops pull out of South Ossetian capital". Washington Post. Tbilisi. Retrieved 2009-08-08.
- ^ Stepanova, Ekaterina (November 2008). "South Ossetia and Abkhazia: Placing the conflict in context" (PDF). Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2009-08-05. Retrieved 2009-08-09. ( at WebCite)
- ^ "The West Begins to Doubt Georgian Leader". Spiegel. 15 September 2008. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ^ "Heavy fighting in South Ossetia". BBC. 8 August 2008. Retrieved 8 August 2009.
- Presidential Press and Information Office. 8 August 2008. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ^ "Russian tanks enter South Ossetia". BBC News. 8 August 2008. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ^ Radyuhin, Vladimir (10 October 2008). "Russian pull out complete". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 5 November 2012. Retrieved 2009-08-09.
- ^ The New York Times August 26, 2008: Russia Backs Independence of Georgian Enclaves by Clifford J. Levy
- ^ Medvedev, Dmitry (26 August 2008). "Statement by President of Russia Dmitry Medvedev, 26 August 2008". Moscow: President of Russia. Archived from the original on 2 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
- ^ "Эдуард Кокойты: "Решение России о признании Южной Осетии и Абхазии – это благородное и выстраданное нашими народами решение"" (in Russian). Cominf.org. 26 August 2008. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ^ Piasecki, Jerry (9 September 2008). "South Ossetia and Abkhazia Independence a Done Deal — Russia's UN Ambassador". United Nations Radio. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ^ "Georgia breaks off relations with Russia". The New York Times. Tbilisi. 29 August 2008. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ^ Solovyev, Vladimir (10 September 2008). "Freshly Recognized". Kommersant. Archived from the original on 13 September 2008. Retrieved 2009-08-03.
- . ).
- ^ Президент РЮО подписал указ о назначении Посла РЮО в РФии Дмитрию Медведеву. (in Russian). Cominf.org. 13 January 2009. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- Presidential Press and Information Office. 16 January 2009. Archived from the originalon 22 February 2012. Retrieved 2009-03-03.
- ^ "Vladimir Putin signed a direction about establishment of Russian embassies in Abkhazia and South Ossetia". REGNUM. 2009-02-11. Archived from the original on 2009-02-21. Retrieved 2009-04-05.
- Tskhinval: United Press International. 30 August 2008. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ^ a b "Moscow: S. Ossetia not interested in being part of Russia". Moscow: USA Today. 11 September 2008. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ^ "S. Ossetia not planning to become part of Russia — diplomat". Moscow: Interfax. 4 August 2009. Archived from the original on 4 August 2009. Retrieved 2009-08-04. at WebCite
- ^ Presidential Press and Information Office. 17 September 2008. Archived from the originalon 17 April 2013. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ^ a b "Russia signs pacts committing itself to defense of South Ossetia and Abkhazia". The New York Times. Moscow. 17 September 2008. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ^ Isachenkov, Vladimir (29 October 2008). "Russia ratifies treaties with 2 Georgian provinces". Associated Press via Fox News. Retrieved 2009-08-09.
- OSInform. 22 September 2008. Retrieved 2009-08-05.
- Presidential Press and Information Office. 13 July 2009. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ^ Barry, Ellen; Vartanyan, Olesya (13 July 2009). "On Visit to Breakaway Enclave, Russian President Promises Help in Rebuilding". The New York Times. Moscow, Tbilisi. Retrieved 2009-08-05.
- Presidential Press and Information Office. 7 August 2009. Retrieved 2009-08-09.
- ^ "S Ossetia confirms Russia monitoring its border with Georgia". Moscow: Xinhua News Agency. 2 May 2009. Archived from the original on May 5, 2009. Retrieved 2009-08-08.
- ^ a b "Putin signs treaty integrating the breakaway Georgian region of South Ossetia into Russia". FOX News. 18 March 2015. Retrieved 2015-03-18.
- ^ Delyagin, Mikhail (8 March 2009). "A Testing Ground for Modernization and a Showcase of Success". Russia in Global Affairs. Retrieved 2009-08-05.
- ^ "Russian government will conclude an agreement on financial aid with Abkhazia and South Ossetia". REGNUM News Agency. 2 March 2009. Archived from the original on 18 July 2009. Retrieved 2009-08-05.
- ^ News Corp.Retrieved 2008-08-30.
- ^ Damien McElroy. South Ossetian police tell Georgians to take a Russian passport, or leave their homes. The Daily Telegraph, 31 August 2008.
- ^ "Kokoity Reverses Remarks on S.Ossetia Joining Russia". Civil Georgia. September 11, 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-11.
- ^ a b "Putin signs treaty integrating South Ossetia into Russia". AP / Yahoo. 18 March 2015. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
- ^ "Putin Endorses Draft Treaty on 'Integration' with Tskhinvali". Civil Georgia. March 6, 2015. Retrieved December 29, 2015.
- ^ "Moscow, Tskhinvali Sign 'Integration Treaty'". Civil Georgia. 18 March 2015. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
- ^ "Russian treaty with rebel Georgian region alarms West". SWI. 18 March 2015. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
- ^ "Breakaway Tskhinvali proposes name change". Agenda.ge. December 29, 2015. Retrieved 2015-12-29.
- ^ "South Ossetia profile – BBC News". Bbc.com. 2016-04-21. Retrieved 2016-06-12.
- ^ "President: South Ossetia plans to hold referendum on becoming part of Russia before August". TASS. Retrieved 2016-04-24.
- ^ Fuller, Liz (2016-05-30). "South Ossetia Postpones Referendum On Accession To Russian Federation". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Retrieved 2016-05-30.
- ^ "Breakaway Georgian Region Seeks to Be Putin's Next Annexation". Bloomberg.com. 30 March 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2022.
External links
- (in Russian) Documents from the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs on the relationship with South Ossetia
- (in Russian) Embassy of Russia in South Ossetia
- (in Ossetian and Russian) Embassy of South Ossetia in Russia