Russian Australians
This article needs additional citations for verification. (June 2022) |
Total population | |
---|---|
18,278 (by birth, 2011) Russian Orthodox, Judaism | |
Related ethnic groups | |
Russian New Zealanders Ukrainian Australians, Jewish Australians, Russian Canadians, Russian Americans |
Russian Australians comprise Australian citizens who have full or partial Russian heritage or people who emigrated from Russia and reside in Australia.
History
In 1807 the
Contacts continued in 1820 when the Russian ships Vostok (meaning 'East'), and the Mirny (Peaceful), under the command of captains
Russian ships visited Australia throughout the 19th century and a number of Russian seamen absconded from their ships to settle permanently in Australia. Religious sects, including the Mennonites and Doukhobors, made plans to send up to 40,000 settlers to Australia and New Guinea but after much debate in the Russian press, and 2,000 applications to emigrate, this mass emigration did not materialise.
The Russian Imperial Navy corvette Bogatyr made a friendly visit to Melbourne and Sydney in 1863. Information from Polish deserters pointed to Russian plans to attack Australia in support of the Union cause. (See Australia and the American Civil War: Imperial Russian Navy)[4] In 1882 three Russian Navy ships – the Africa, Vestnik (Herald or Messenger) and Plastun – made port in Melbourne, sparking renewed fears in the press of a Russian invasion. A brief mobilisation of defence forces ensued before the lack of aggressive intent was made clear. In 1885 concerned British colonists thought a Russian invasion was again imminent and built Bare Island Fort to protect "Sydney's back door" in Botany Bay
Waves of emigration
Up to 250,000 people a year emigrated from the Russian Empire to countries such as the United States, Canada, Argentina and Brazil towards the end of the 19th century. Australia was a much less popular destination, with only 300 Russians leaving for Australia in 1890. According to the Census in 1891, the number of Russians living in Australia was 2881, comprising 2350 men and 531 women.
The first wave 1880–1905
The first major wave of Russian emigrants to Australia began in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, largely
Census year | 1871 | 1881 | 1891 | 1901 | 1911 | 1921 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of Russians in Australia[5] | 720 | 1303 | 2970 | 3372 | 4456 | 7659 |
By the time of the formation of the Australian Commonwealth in 1901, a total of 3,358 Russians were resident in the newly created country, comprising 1,262 in
The second wave 1905–1917
A second wave occurred between the defeat of Russia in the
During the World War I no less than one quarter of all the Russian males living in Australia served in the Australian Army.[6] By percentage it was more than for the general Australian population.[6] There were more Russian nationals serving in the Australian Army than nationals from any other non-Anglo-Saxon country. Many more applied but were rejected either because of poor command of English or because of their medical conditions.[6] Many of the recruits were motivated by their gratitude to their new country. Another important factor was the policy of Consul-General Abaza, who lobbied for the forceful return of all Russian nationals who would not serve in Russian Army (unlike Australia, Russia had a mandatory military service policy).[6]
No less than 150 Russian nationals in the
The third wave 1917–1939
The Australian Government placed an embargo on immigration from Russia between 1917 and 1922 due to the Russian revolution and subsequent
The fourth wave 1945–1960
A fourth wave of emigrants came to Australia after the
Alexander Kerensky, the leader of the Russian Provisional Government overthrown by the Bolsheviks in 1917, lived in Brisbane in 1945-6 with the family of his terminally ill wife.[7]
The fifth wave – Russians in Australia today
The 2006 Census revealed Australia had a Russian-born population of 15,354. Most Russian-born residents live in Melbourne (5,407) or Sydney (5,367). A significant portion of Russian-born residents are women (62%), and most (69%) had arrived in Australia no earlier than 1990.[8] Also at the 2006 Census 67,055 Australian residents declared that they had Russian ancestry, either alone or in combination with one other ancestry.[8]
Whereas previously many Russian immigrants were
Sydney's Bondi Beach is a popular area for Russian and Russian-Jewish migrants, with several restaurants and specialist shops catering to their needs. However, Russians live throughout New South Wales and Australia with less concentration in certain areas as might have been in the early waves of immigration. The traditional centres such as Strathfield and Sydney's Bondi are ever-changing communities catering to new people and services such as language schools and churches have not been well distributed beyond these areas since the 1980s. There is no language school, church or related services (for example) available in the northern suburbs of Sydney, despite Russians and other Slavic Europeans taking to the area in the recent waves of migration. The Australian Russian community is served nationally by Russian language radio broadcasting team at SBS Special Broadcasting Service Government radio station which broadcasts in 58 community languages.
According to Russian Federal State Statistics Service there are about 1200 Russians who left Russia for Australia from 2000 to 2008. Roughly 170 Russians leave Russia for Australia every year.[9]
The Russian Orthodox Church in Australia
The first Russian Orthodox parish in Australia was founded in
The first Russian
There are also parishes of the Russian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) in
Notable Russian Australians
The Myer shopping chain, still a dominant power in the Australian retail sector, was founded by early Russian speaking Jewish immigrant Sidney Myer in Melbourne, his first store set up as the 'Myer Emporium'. He supported new Russian emigres to Melbourne for as long as he lived.
Online retail entrepreneur
The mine engineer Ilya Repin (1888–1949), after settling in Sydney in 1925, helped create a Russian Orthodox Church in Sydney on Robertson Road in the 1930s. First holding services in his own cottage, he founded the Church of
Kira Bousloff (Abricossova) (1914–2001) is best known as the founder of the oldest ballet company in Australia – the WA State Ballet Co. Born in Monte Carlo to Russian parents, she came to Australia as a member of the Covent Garden Russian Ballet company in 1938 and remained in Australia after the tour ended in 1939. She moved to Perth with her husband composer James Penberthy and established the Western Australian State Ballet Company in 1952.[11]
Pianists
Russian arts festivals and events are popular in Australia. The 150th anniversary of Alexander Pushkin's death was commemorated with poetry festivals in 1987 and a range of Russian cultural and social organisations are active in the major cities of Melbourne and Sydney. The Russian Connection provides an independent and comprehensive guide to cultural events and occasions with a Russian flavour in Australia. The organisation promotes Russian cultural activities such as art exhibitions, ballet, classical music, concerts, festivals, children's events, movies, musicals, lectures, opera, and theatre. The Russian Connection is continually expanding with the recent addition of a catalogue of new Russian literature and Russian language movies available from various public libraries.
- Prince Michael Andreevich of Russia.
- Rugby Unionplayer.
- Daria Gavrilova: Tennis player.
- Greg Jeloudev: Rugby Union player.
- Peter Mengede: Guitarist and founding member of the American bands Helmet and Handsome.
- Vladimir Mikhaylovich Petrov: Diplomat.
- Evdokia Petrova: Russian spy in Australia.
- Costa Ronin: Actor.
Australians in Russia
The Russian connections in Australia are mostly composed by Russian-borns moving to or visiting Australia. The most notable representative of the Australians moving to Russia is the famous physicist
See also
- Asian Australians
- Diocese of Sydney, Australia and New Zealand
- European Australians
- Europeans in Oceania
- Immigration to Australia
- Russian Jack
- Russian diaspora
References
- ^ a b "The Russian Federation-born Community". www.dss.gov.au. Archived from the original on 7 March 2019. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
- ^ Tikhmenev, P. A. A History of the Russia-American Company. ed. Richard A. Pierce and Alton S. Donnelly. Seattle: University of Washington Press. 1978, p. 185.
- ^ a b c Mikhail Protopopov Russians in Australia Vestnik January/February 2007 (in Russian)
- ^ THE RUSSIAN CORVETTE "BOGATYR" IN MELBOURNE AND SYDNEY IN 1863 Archived 13 October 2009 at archive.today
- ^ Elena Govor, Australia in the Russian Mirror, Changing Perceptions, 1770–1919, Melbourne, MUP, 1997 cited by "Елена Говор. Русские Анзаки. Часть 1". Archived from the original on 22 December 2009. Retrieved 6 April 2007.
- ^ on 22 December 2009. Retrieved 6 April 2007.
- ^ D. Bojic, The Half-Hearted Revolutionary In Paradise Archived 31 July 2016 at the Wayback Machine, ABC Lateline 22 September 2003; Tritton, Lydia Ellen (1899–1946) Archived 18 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Australian Dictionary of Biography, vol. 16 (2002).
- ^ a b Statistics, c=AU; o=Commonwealth of Australia; ou=Australian Bureau of. "Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australian Government". www.abs.gov.au. Archived from the original on 23 February 2011. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "International migration". www.gks.ru. Archived from the original on 11 June 2017. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
- ^ "The list: Young Rich 2012". Australian Financial Review. 1 October 2012. Archived from the original on 16 May 2018. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
- ^ "Australia Dancing – West Australian Ballet (1952 – )". australiadancing.org. Archived from the original on 20 March 2012. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
External links
- Australian and New Zealand Eparchy of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia
- Russian Orthodox Church in Australia
- Mara Moustafine (2011). "Russians". Dictionary of Sydney. Dictionary of Sydney Trust. Retrieved 4 October 2015.