Russian Guards

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Badge of the Russian Imperial Guard Izmaylovsky Regiment.

Guards (

Muscovite harquebusiers
formed by Ivan the Terrible by 1550. The exact meaning of the term "Guards" varied over time.

Russian Imperial Guard

Main article: Russian Imperial Guard

In the Russian Empire,

Peter the Great in the 1690s. These were based on the Prussian Royal Life Guards
. During the 19th century the Imperial Russian Guard regiments were not exclusively composed of Russian troops, but also included Lithuanian, Finnish and Ukrainian units.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the Imperial Guards consisted of 13

rifles and 14 cavalry regiments, artillery, engineers and transport, making up a separate entity within the army of three divisions. During the Brusilov Offensive the 1st and 2nd Guards' numbers were supplemented with line army corps and from September 1916 were known as the 'Special Army'.[1]

In February–March 1917, the defection of reserve battalions of the Imperial Guard based in St.Petersburg was a major factor in the overthrow of the Tsarist government. The service units of the Guard at the front disintegrated along with the remainder of the Imperial Army, until it was formally replaced by the new Red Army on 28 January 1918.

Russian Revolution

Main articles:
White Movement

The Red Guards (

Factory and Plant Committees and by Bolshevik party cells, with the initial purpose of defending the industrial enterprises and districts where they were recruited. In October 1917 the Red Guards of Petrograd played a leading role in the capture of the Winter Palace and the overthrow of the Provisional Government.[2] When the Soviet Red Army
was formed in 1918, the Red Guards became the Army Reserve and the basis for the formation of regular military detachments.

The White Guard (

Bolsheviks after the October Revolution and fought against the Red Army during the Russian Civil War
from 1918 to 1921.

Soviet Guards

Main article: Guards unit (Soviet Union)
Badge of the Soviet Guards (1941).

"Guards" (Russian: Гвардия, romanized: Gvardiya) designations were awarded to units and formations that distinguished themselves during the Second World War by the order of People's Commissar for Defence of USSR No.303 on the 18 September 1941, and were considered to have elite status. However, the Guards badge was not introduced until 21 May 1943.

In late 1941, the Stavka began awarding the honorific title 'Guards' to regiments, divisions, and corps that had distinguished themselves in combat. Units earning this title had often suffered up to 30 percent or more casualties after successfully performing desperate missions. It was not only a prestigious designation, as units so honoured were thereafter better equipped and given preference in personnel, supplies, equipment and material.[3]

Zhukov said "the first period of the war gave birth to the Soviet Guards. For mass heroism and success in the battles of 1941-1942 the Guards title was awarded to 789 groups, formations, separate units, and fighting ships of the Soviet Armed Forces."[4]

Anyuy Range, was named after the Soviet Guards.[5]

There were eleven Guard Armies and six Guard Tank Armies:

Russian Federation Guards

Main article: List of guards units of Russia

The Guards distinction was retained as designations of

Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine
.

  • Badge of Russian Guards units (1994)
    Badge of Russian Guards units (1994)
  • Badge of Belarusian Guards units
    Badge of Belarusian Guards units
  • Badge of Ukrainian Guards units (removed 2016)
    Badge of Ukrainian Guards units (removed 2016)
  • Russian Guards badge (2011–present)
    Russian Guards badge (2011–present)

See also

References

  1. ^ Nik Cornish The Russian Army 1914-18 2001 page 16 "These corps were to be known, from 21 July 1916, as the Guards Army. ... by the Guards during the Brusilov Offensive their numbers were supplemented with line army corps and the whole became in September 1916 the 'Special Army'."
  2. ISBN 1-85532-608-6
    .
  3. ^ Harrel, 2019
  4. ISBN 9781781592915
    .
  5. ^ South Anyui Range // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
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