Ministry of Internal Affairs (Russia)
Министерство внутренних дел Российской Федерации Ministerstvo vnutrennikh del Rossiyskoy Federatsii | |
Migration Affairs | |
Website | en |
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The Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (MVD;
The MVD is responsible for
since 2012.History
Russian Empire (1802-1917)
The first
Police
As the central government began to further partition the countryside, the ispravniks (chiefs of police) were distributed among the sections.[1] Serving under them in their principal localities were commissaries (stanovoi pristav). Ispravniki and pristav alike were armed with broad and obscurely-defined powers which, combined with the fact that they were for the most part illiterate and wholly ignorant of the law, formed crushing forces of oppression.[2] Towards the end of the reign of Alexander II, the government, in order to preserve order in the country districts, also created a special class of mounted rural policemen (uryadniks, from uriad, order), who, in a time without habeas corpus, were armed with power to arrest all suspects on the spot.[2] These uryadniks rapidly became the terror of the countryside. Finally, in the towns of the rural countryside, every house was provided with a "guard dog" of sorts, in the form of a porter (dvornik), who was charged with the duty of reporting the presence of any suspicious characters or anything of interest to the police.[2]
Secret Police
In addition there was also the
Following the growth of the
By
Soviet era (1917-89)
Having won the
Secret police became a part of MVD after
In his efforts to fight bureaucracy and maintain '
By the mid-1980s, the image of the people's militsiya was largely compromised by the corruption and disorderly behaviour of both enlisted and officer staff (the most shocking case was the robbery and murder of a KGB operative by a group of militsiya officers stationed in the Moscow Metro in 1980).[citation needed]
Russian Federation (1990–present)
Organizational changes
The Russian MVD re-formed as the MVD of the
Since the disbanding of the
On 5 April 2016, Russian President
2005-19
In 2006,
In December 2019, Distributed Denial of Secrets listed a leak from Russia's Ministry of the Interior, portions of which detailed the deployment of Russian troops to Ukraine, at a time when the Kremlin was denying a military presence there.[8] Some material from that leak was published in 2014, about half of it was not, and WikiLeaks reportedly rejected a request to host the files two years later, at a time when Julian Assange was focused on exposing Democratic Party documents passed to WikiLeaks by Kremlin hackers.[9][10][11][12]
2020-present
The founder and editor of the independent news site Koza.Press, known professionally as Irina Slavina, was harassed by law enforcement for years.[13] On October 2, 2020, she committed suicide by self-immolation outside a regional Ministry of Internal Affairs building, writing on Facebook, “For my death, please blame the Russian Federation.”[13]
In September 2023, Russia's Ministry of Internal Affairs decided to have an appeal by imprisoned opposition leader
Telecommunications service providers are required to grant the Ministry of Internal Affairs 24-hour remote access to their client databases, including telephone and electronic communication and records, enabling the Ministry to track private communications and internet activity without the users' knowledge.[13][7] The law permits authorities to monitor telephone calls in real time.[7]
Ministers
Minister | Start year | End year |
---|---|---|
Viktor Yerin | 1992 | 1995 |
Anatoly Kulikov | 1995 | 1998 |
Sergei Stepashin | 1998 | 1999 |
Vladimir Rushailo | 1999 | 2001 |
Boris Gryzlov | 2001 | 2003 |
Rashid Nurgaliyev | 2004 | 2012 |
Vladimir Kolokoltsev | 2012 |
See also
- Awards of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
- Crimea Police
- List of interior ministers of Russia
- Ministry of Police of Imperial Russia
- Military of Russia
- Militsiya
- Moscow Police
- MVD Ensemble
- Nizhny Novgorod Oblast Police
- Primorsky Krai Police
- Saint Petersburg Police
- Sevastopol Police
- Sochi Police
Sports
- Former KHL
References
- ^ From Catherine II's time to that of Alexander II, these chiefs of police were put in power by the ruling nobility. This was changed after the Emancipation reform of 1861.
- ^ a b c d e Phillips, Walter Alison (1911). Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 876. . In
- ^ Vytovtov A.E. "Revisiting the Concept of Economic Crimes in Russian Criminal Legislation", East-Siberian Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Issue: Vol 16, No 4, pp. 374-78 (2023)
- ^ a b "Russia: Domestic Politics and Economy," September 9, 2020.
- ^ "ФМС и ФСКН переподчинены Министерству внутренних дел". www.interfax.ru. 5 April 2016.
- ^ Galleoti, Mark. "Putin's new National Guard – what does it say when you need your own personal army?". Ukrainian Policy. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
- ^ a b c d "Russia". U.S. Department of State.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
- ^ McLaughlin, Jenna. "WikiLeaks Turned Down Leaks on Russian Government During U.S. Presidential Campaign". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
- ^ "Ukraine conflict: Hackers take sides in virtual war". BBC News. 20 December 2014. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
- ^ "Ukrainian cyber troops hack into the servers of Russian Federation: Evidence of Russian military actions revealed". InformNapalm.org (English). 15 December 2014. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
- ^ Poulsen, Kevin (24 January 2019). "This Time It's Russia's Emails Getting Leaked". The Daily Beast. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
- ^ a b c "Custom Reports: Russia".
- ^ a b c "Russian court upholds Navalny's 19-year prison sentence". I24news. 26 September 2023.
Further reading
- Ronald Hingley, The Russian Secret Police, Muscovite, Imperial Russian and Soviet. Political Security Operations, 1565–1970
- ISBN 978-0-521-81529-1.
External links
- Official website (in English)
- Official website (in Russian)