Ruthenium(IV) oxide
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IUPAC name
Ruthenium(IV) oxide
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Other names
Ruthenium dioxide
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Identifiers | |
3D model (
JSmol ) |
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ECHA InfoCard
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100.031.660 |
EC Number |
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PubChem CID
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Properties | |
RuO2 | |
Molar mass | 133.0688 g/mol |
Appearance | blue-black solid |
Density | 6.97 g/cm3 |
Boiling point | 1,200 °C (2,190 °F; 1,470 K) sublimates |
insoluble | |
+162.0·10−6 cm3/mol | |
Structure | |
Rutile (tetragonal), tP6 | |
P42/mnm, No. 136 | |
Octahedral (RuIV); trigonal planar (O2−) | |
Hazards | |
Flash point | Non-flammable |
Related compounds | |
Other anions
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Ruthenium disulfide
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Other cations
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Osmium(IV) oxide
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Ruthenium tetroxide | |
Supplementary data page | |
Ruthenium(IV) oxide (data page) | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Ruthenium(IV) oxide is the inorganic compound with the formula RuO2. This black solid is the most common oxide of ruthenium. It is widely used as an electrocatalyst for producing chlorine, chlorine oxides, and O2.[1] Like many dioxides, RuO2 adopts the rutile structure.[2][3]
Preparation
It is usually prepared by oxidation of
- RuO2 + O2 ⇌ RuO4
Films of RuO2 can be prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) from volatile ruthenium compounds.[6] RuO2 can also be prepared through electroplating from a solution of ruthenium trichloride.[7]
Electrostatically stabilized hydrosols of pristine ruthenium dioxide hydrate have been prepared by exploiting the autocatalytic reduction of ruthenium tetroxide in aqueous solution. The resulting particle populations may be controlled to comprise substantially monodisperse, uniform spheres with diameters in the range 40nm - 160nm.[8]
Uses
Ruthenium(IV) oxide is being used as the main component in the catalyst of the Sumitomo-Deacon process which produces chlorine by the oxidation of hydrogen chloride.[9][10]
RuO2 can be used as catalyst in many other situations. Noteworthy reactions are the
Aspirational and niche applications
RuO2 is extensively used for the coating of titanium anodes for the electrolytic production of chlorine and for the preparation of
References
- ISSN 0306-0012.
- ^ Wyckoff, R.W.G.. Crystal Structures, Vol. 1. Interscience, John Wiley & Sons: 1963.
- ^ Wells, A. F. (1975), Structural Inorganic Chemistry (4th ed.), Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ISSN 0044-2313.
- ISBN 9780470132449.
- ISSN 0025-5408.
- .
- .
- ISBN 3527306730
- S2CID 93115959.
- ISSN 0009-286X.
- ^ Iles, G.S. (1967). "Ruthenium Oxide Glaze Resistors". Platinum Metals Review. 11 (4): 126.
- ^ Matthey, Johnson (2002). "Nanocrystalline Ruthenium Supercapacitor Material". Platinum Metals Review. 46 (3): 105. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2013-09-16.
- ^ Kim,Il-Hwan; Kim, Kwang-Bum; Electrochem. Solid-State Lett., 2001, 4, 5,A62-A64
External links
- Los Alamos National Laboratory – Ruthenium Archived 2007-04-05 at the Wayback Machine