SMS Wörth
A 1902 lithograph of Wörth
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History | |
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German Empire | |
Name | Wörth |
Namesake | Battle of Wörth |
Builder | Germaniawerft, Kiel |
Laid down | 3 March 1890 |
Launched | 6 August 1892 |
Commissioned | 31 October 1893 |
Fate | Scrapped in 1919 |
General characteristics | |
Class and type | Brandenburg-class battleship |
Displacement |
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Length | 115.7 m (379 ft 7 in) loa |
Beam | 19.5 m (64 ft) |
Draft | 7.6 m (24 ft 11 in) |
Installed power |
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Propulsion |
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Speed | 16.5 knots (30.6 km/h; 19.0 mph) |
Range | 4,300 nmi (8,000 km; 4,900 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) |
Complement |
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Armament |
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Armor |
SMS Wörth ("His Majesty's Ship Wörth")
Wörth served in the German fleet for the first decade of her career, participating in the normal peacetime routine of training cruises and exercises. She took part in the German naval expedition to China in 1900 to suppress the
Design
Wörth was the fourth of four
Wörth was 115.7 m (379 ft 7 in) long, with a
The ship was unusual for its time in that it possessed a
The ship was protected with
Service history
Construction to 1895
Wörth was ordered as battleship B,
During this period, Wörth was commanded by
Wörth and the rest of the squadron attended ceremonies for the
On 1 July, the German fleet began a major cruise into the Atlantic; on the return voyage in early August, the fleet stopped at the
1896–1900
The year 1896 followed much the same pattern as the previous year. Individual ship training was conducted through April, followed by squadron training in the North Sea in late April and early May. This included a visit to the Dutch ports of
Wörth and the rest of the fleet operated under the normal routine of individual and unit training in the first half of 1897.
The fleet followed the normal routine of individual and fleet training in 1898 without incident. A voyage to the British Isles was also included. The fleet stopped in Queenstown, Greenock, and Kirkwall. The fleet assembled in Kiel on 14 August for the annual autumn exercises. The maneuvers included a mock blockade of the coast of Mecklenburg and a pitched battle with an "Eastern Fleet" in the Danzig Bay. While steaming back to Kiel, a severe storm hit the fleet, causing significant damage to many ships and sinking the torpedo boat S 58. The fleet then transited the Kaiser Wilhelm Canal and continued maneuvers in the North Sea. Training finished on 17 September in Wilhelmshaven. In December, I Division conducted artillery and torpedo training in Eckernförde Bay, followed by divisional training in the Kattegat and Skagerrak. During these maneuvers, the division visited Kungsbacka, Sweden, from 9 to 13 December. After returning to Kiel, the ships of I Division went into dock for their winter repairs.[19]
On 25 November 1899, Wörth was conducting gunnery training in Eckernförde Bay when she struck a rock. It tore a 22 ft (6.7 m) wide hole in the hull, flooding three of her
Boxer Uprising
During the
On 7 July,
By the time the German fleet had arrived, the siege of Beijing had already been lifted by forces from other members of the Eight-Nation Alliance that had formed to deal with the Boxers.
On 26 May, the German high command recalled the expeditionary force to Germany. The fleet took on supplies in Shanghai and departed Chinese waters on 1 June. The ships stopped in Singapore from 10 to 15 June and took on coal before proceeding to Colombo, where they stayed from 22 to 26 June. Steaming against the
1901–1914
Following her return from China, Wörth was taken into the drydocks at the
After her modernization, Wörth returned to service on 27 September 1904 assigned to II Squadron, where she replaced the old coastal defense ship Beowulf. She served briefly as the flagship of KAdm Alfred Breusing from September until December, when she was replaced in that role by Braunschweig. On 16 February 1905, Wörth ran aground in the Kieler Förde. She was pulled free two days later after enough coal and ammunition were thrown overboard to lighten the ship. She then steamed into Kiel and entered drydock, where her bottom was found to be slightly dented. A second accident occurred on 5 July, when the torpedo boat S 124 ran across Wörth's bow. The battleship could not turn in time and rammed the torpedo boat, damaging it severely. One of S 124's boiler rooms flooded and the rush of steam from the boilers badly burned three men.[37]
On 4 July 1906, Wörth was transferred to the Reserve Formation of the North Sea. She initially served as the flagship of the unit, but on 1 October she was replaced by Kurfürst Friedrich Wilhelm. She was then decommissioned and her crew reduced to only a maintenance staff. Over the next eight years, she was reactivated only twice, from 2 August to 13 September in 1910 and from 31 July to 15 September the following year; both periods were during the annual autumn maneuvers. She served with III Squadron in both exercises, and was the flagship of the second command admiral for the squadron, KAdm Heinrich Sass. She returned to reserve status on 15 September, and a month later was docked in the Kaiserliche Werft in Kiel to maintain her for future service.[37]
World War I
On 5 September 1914, shortly after the outbreak of World War I, Wörth was assigned to V Battle Squadron under the command of VAdm Max von Grapow. The squadron was initially used for coastal defense in the North Sea. From 19 to 26 September, Wörth and the rest of V Squadron went on a sortie into the eastern Baltic but encountered no Russian forces. The ships subsequently returned to the North Sea and resumed their guard duties. Wörth was briefly transferred to VI Battle Squadron from 16 January to 25 February 1915 to strengthen the defenses of the Jade Bight and the mouth of the Weser. On 5 March, she was moved to Kiel, where her crew was reduced. After a short period of rest, her crew was restored and she and Brandenburg were transferred to Libau. She served as the flagship of KAdm Alfred Begas, the new commander of V Squadron. In Libau, they were assigned as guard ships in the recently conquered Russian harbor.[37]
The two old battleships were initially moored outside the harbor while it was cleared of wrecks. During this period, the ships prepared for an expected attack by the new Russian Gangut-class battleships, but the assault did not materialize. On 12 July, the crews of both ships were reduced again. On 15 January 1916, V Squadron was disbanded and Begas removed his flag from Wörth. She left Libau on 7 March and arrived in Neufahrwasser the following day. On 10 March she was decommissioned in Danzig to free her crew and guns for other uses.[38] Some of her main battery guns were converted into "Kurfürst" railroad guns; they were ready for service by early 1918.[39] Wörth herself was employed as a barracks ship in Danzig until the end of the war in November 1918.[38] Both örth and Brandenburg were struck from the naval register on 13 May 1919 and sold for scrapping.[40] The two ships were purchased by Norddeutsche Tiefbaugesellschaft; Wörth was initially to be rebuilt into a freighter, but the planned reconstruction did not eventuate. Instead, Wörth was broken up for scrap in Danzig.[35][38]
Footnotes
Notes
Citations
- ^ a b c d e Gröner, p. 13.
- ^ a b c d Hore, p. 66.
- ^ Sondhaus Weltpolitik, pp. 179–181.
- ^ Grießmer, p. 177.
- ^ a b c d Hildebrand, Röhr, & Steinmetz Vol. 8, p. 97.
- ^ Lyon, p. 247.
- ^ a b c Hildebrand, Röhr, & Steinmetz Vol. 5, p. 175.
- ^ Philbin, p. 9.
- ^ Hildebrand, Röhr, & Steinmetz Vol. 8, pp. 97–98.
- ^ a b c d e f Hildebrand, Röhr, & Steinmetz Vol. 8, p. 98.
- ^ Hildebrand, Röhr, & Steinmetz Vol. 5, pp. 175–176.
- ^ Hildebrand, Röhr, & Steinmetz Vol. 5, p. 176.
- ^ Hildebrand, Röhr, & Steinmetz Vol. 5, pp. 176–177.
- ^ Hildebrand, Röhr, & Steinmetz Vol. 5, p. 178.
- ^ Hildebrand, Röhr, & Steinmetz Vol. 5, p. 179.
- ^ Hildebrand, Röhr, & Steinmetz Vol. 5, p. 180.
- ^ McClure's Magazine, p. 267.
- ^ Hildebrand, Röhr, & Steinmetz Vol. 5, pp. 180–181.
- ^ Hildebrand, Röhr, & Steinmetz Vol. 5, pp. 181–183.
- ^ Notes, p. 105.
- ^ Notes, p. 106.
- ^ Bodin, pp. 5–6.
- ^ Bodin, p. 1.
- ^ Holborn, p. 311.
- ^ Bodin, p. 6.
- ^ Harrington, p. 29.
- ^ Bodin, p. 11.
- ^ Bodin, pp. 11–12.
- ^ Herwig, p. 106.
- ^ Hildebrand, Röhr, & Steinmetz Vol. 5, pp. 186–187.
- ^ a b Hildebrand, Röhr, & Steinmetz Vol. 5, p. 187.
- ^ Hildebrand, Röhr, & Steinmetz Vol. 5, pp. 188–189.
- ^ Herwig, p. 103.
- ^ a b Gröner, p. 14.
- ^ Hildebrand, Röhr, & Steinmetz Vol. 8, pp. 98–99.
- ^ a b c Hildebrand, Röhr, & Steinmetz Vol. 8, p. 99.
- ^ a b c Hildebrand, Röhr, & Steinmetz Vol. 8, p. 100.
- ^ François, p. 32.
- ^ Campbell & Sieche, p. 141.
References
- Bodin, Lynn E. (1979). The Boxer Rebellion. London: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85045-335-5.
- Campbell, N. J. M. & Sieche, Erwin (1986). "Germany". In Gardiner, Robert & Gray, Randal (eds.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. London: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 134–189. ISBN 978-0-85177-245-5.
- François, Guy (2006). Eisenbahnartillerie: Histoire de l'artillerie lourd sur voie ferrée allemande des origines à 1945 [Railroad Guns: The History of German Railroad Artillery From its Origins to 1945]. Paris: Editions Histoire et Fortifications. ISBN 978-2-915767-08-7.
- Grießmer, Axel (1999). Die Linienschiffe der Kaiserlichen Marine: 1906–1918; Konstruktionen zwischen Rüstungskonkurrenz und Flottengesetz [The Battleships of the Imperial Navy: 1906–1918; Constructions between Arms Competition and Fleet Laws] (in German). Bonn: Bernard & Graefe Verlag. ISBN 978-3-7637-5985-9.
- ISBN 978-0-87021-790-6.
- Harrington, Peter (2001). Peking 1900: The Boxer Rebellion. London: Osprey. ISBN 978-1-84176-181-7.
- Herwig, Holger (1998) [1980]. "Luxury" Fleet: The Imperial German Navy 1888–1918. Amherst: Humanity Books. ISBN 978-1-57392-286-9.
- Hildebrand, Hans H.; Röhr, Albert & Steinmetz, Hans-Otto (1993). Die Deutschen Kriegsschiffe: Biographien – ein Spiegel der Marinegeschichte von 1815 bis zur Gegenwart [The German Warships: Biographies − A Reflection of Naval History from 1815 to the Present] (in German). Vol. 5. Ratingen: Mundus Verlag. ISBN 978-3-7822-0456-9.
- Hildebrand, Hans H.; Röhr, Albert & Steinmetz, Hans-Otto (1993). Die Deutschen Kriegsschiffe: Biographien – ein Spiegel der Marinegeschichte von 1815 bis zur Gegenwart [The German Warships: Biographies − A Reflection of Naval History from 1815 to the Present] (in German). Vol. 8. Ratingen: Mundus Verlag.
- Holborn, Hajo (1982). A History of Modern Germany: 1840–1945. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-00797-7.
- Hore, Peter (2006). The Ironclads. London: Southwater Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84476-299-6.
- Lyon, Hugh (1979). "Germany". In Gardiner, Robert; Chesneau, Roger; Kolesnik, Eugene M. (eds.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. Greenwich: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 978-0-85177-133-5.
- Miles, Nelson A. (1898). "The Military and Naval Glory of England". McClure's Magazine. 11. New York.
- Philbin, Tobias R. III (1982). Admiral Hipper: The Inconvenient Hero. Amsterdam: Grüner. ISBN 978-90-6032-200-0.
- Sondhaus, Lawrence (1997). Preparing for Weltpolitik: German Sea Power Before the Tirpitz Era. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-55750-745-7.
- Sondhaus, Lawrence (2001). Naval Warfare, 1815–1914. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-21478-0.
- Marsh, C. C. (1900). "Notes on ships and torpedo boats, Marine casualties". Notes on the Year's Naval Progress. 19. Washington, D.C.: US Office of Naval Intelligence, U.S. Government Printing Office.
Further reading
- Koop, Gerhard & Schmolke, Klaus-Peter (2001). Die Panzer- und Linienschiffe der Brandenburg-, Kaiser Friedrich III-, Wittlesbach-, Braunschweig- und Deutschland-Klasse [The Armored and Battleships of the Brandenburg, Kaiser Friedrich III, Wittelsbach, Braunschweig, and Deutschland Classes] (in German). Bonn: Bernard & Graefe Verlag. ISBN 978-3-7637-6211-8.
- Nottelmann, Dirk (2002). Die Brandenburg-Klasse: Höhepunkt des deutschen Panzerschiffbaus [The Brandenburg Class: High Point of German Armored Ship Construction] (in German). Hamburg: Mittler. ISBN 978-3-8132-0740-8.
- Weir, Gary E. (1992). Building the Kaiser's Navy: The Imperial Navy Office and German Industry in the Tirpitz Era, 1890–1919. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-55750-929-1.