Sudan People's Liberation Movement
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Sudan People's Liberation Movement الحركة الشعبية لتحرير السودان | |
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National Legislative Assembly | 332 / 550 |
Council of States | 46 / 100 |
Party flag | |
Website | |
www | |
The Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM;
Although the party has not adhered to one consistent ideology since the independence of South Sudan and many factions exist, it has been described as "being on the
History
This section needs additional citations for verification. (July 2014) |
The SPLM as a rebel movement was formed on 16 May 1983, after the Government of Sudan's abandonment of the Addis Ababa Agreement signed between the government of Gaafar Nimeiry and the Anyanya leader Joseph Lagu, who had first introduced the southern Sudanese to the effective political, economic, social, educational, and religious situations they would face after Sudan's independence. The movement published a manifesto setting out its positions and attracted a group of rebellious southern Sudanese soldiers of the Sudanese Army based in Bor, Pochalla, and Ayod (first called the Bor Mutiny). These joined remnants of the Anyanya rebels of the First Sudanese Civil War based in Ethiopia. Founders of the SPLA (the military wing of the movement) included Captain Salva Kiir Mayardit, Samuel AbuJohn Khabas, Major William Nyuon Bany, Major Kerubino Kuanyin Bol and many other southern Sudanese officers of the Sudanese Armed Forces. Joseph Oduho was made chairman of the SPLM and Colonel John Garang, a Dinka army officer, was made commander of the SPLA. Oduho was later deposed by Garang, who made himself overall leader of the combined movement (SPLA/M).[4]
The Government of Sudan has been associated with Islam and Arab descent and culture since then, in deep contrast with the SPLA, associated instead with Africanism, indigenous beliefs, African culture and, to a degree Christianity.[5]
It fought against the governments of
In 1991, the
In July 1992, a government offensive seized southern Sudan, and captured the SPLA headquarters in Torit.[6] The Sudanese government accused Uganda and Eritrea of supporting the SPLA/M, who were alleged to have operated on the Ugandan side of the Sudanese border with Uganda at the southern limit of Sudan.
In 2005, a treaty between the SPLA/M and the Sudanese government led to the formal recognition of Southern Sudanese autonomy. SPLM joined the government as part of the 2005 peace agreement, gaining about one-third of government positions. On 11 October 2007, the SPLM withdrew from the government, alleging violations of the peace agreement; this raised concerns about the future of the agreement.[7]
In 2012, as a consequence of
Factionalism
- SPLM-DC (Democratic Change, 2009–present)
- SPLM–N(North, 2011–present)
- SPLM-IG (In Government, 2013–present)
- SPLM-IO (In-Opposition, 2013–present)
- SPLM-FD (Freed Detainees, 2015–present)
- R-SPLM
As a result of the South Sudanese Civil War in 2013–2014, the SPLM factionalised into the SPLM-Juba, led by President Salva Kiir,[8] and SPLM-IO (in opposition), led by former Vice President Riek Machar.[9]
Notable people
- Abdullah Albert, South Sudanese politician[10]
- Zakaria Chol Gideon Gakmar (1957–2010), Sudanese politician
- Barnaba Okony Gilo, South Sudanese politician
References
- ^ a b c https://africaelects.com/south-sudan/ South Sudan - Africa Elects
- ^ Arop-Gotnyiel, Arop Madur (10 February 2014). "Disenchantment and bickering in party politics brings ruin to South Sudan". Sudan Tribune. Archived from the original on 18 July 2021. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
- ^ Sudan People’s Liberation Movement (May 2008). "The Manifesto of the Sudan People's Liberation Movement" (PDF). Their Words. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
- ^ "A CHRONOLOGICAL HISTORY". European Sudanese Public Affairs council. 19 April 1985. Archived from the original on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
- ^ "Islam, State and Identity". Fanack.com. Retrieved 9 August 2016.[permanent dead link]
- ISBN 978-1851099191.
- ^ "Southern Sudan party pulls out of unity government". The Associated Press. 11 October 2007. Archived from the original on 13 October 2007.
- ^ "Political parties reject President Kiir's 'red line' | Radio Tamazuj". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2014-07-02.
- ^ "SPLM-IO criticizes 'rush' to form unity government | Radio Tamazuj". Archived from the original on 2014-07-10. Retrieved 2014-07-02.
- ^ "Ex-presidential adviser forms new rebel group". Radio Tamazuj. Archived from the original on 2023-01-08. Retrieved 2023-01-08.
Further reading
- ISBN 978-0-595-28459-7.
- ISBN 978-0-307-37137-9.
External links
- Who's who in SPLM-Juba
- Garang's Death: Implications for Peace in Sudan by the International Crisis Group, 9 August 2005 (PDF)
- Sudan Photographic Exhibition – Documentary photographer's images of Sudan's displaced