Sudan People's Liberation Movement-in-Opposition
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Sudan People's Liberation Movement-in-Opposition | ||
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National Legislative Assembly | 128 / 550
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The Sudan People's Liberation Movement-in-Opposition (
The party and militia are led by Riek Machar.
Etymology
During the
Politics
By May 2018, the SPLM/A-IO had set up a "parallel bush government" in Upper Nile, rivaling the government in Juba. People in rebel-held areas no longer accepted South Sudanese currency which had lost its worth due to hyperinflation, and instead used United States dollars and Ethiopian birr.[12]
The party's ideology (or in some cases, the lack thereof) is essentially identical to the original SPLM, and only differs in the fact that the split between the two was mostly along ethnic lines, with the SPLM-IO representing the same Nuer ethnic group as leader Riek Machar.
In 2018, South Sudanese analyst Duop Chak Wuol questioned SPLM-IO's overall strategy, arguing that the movement's leadership pursued a political solution as part of its efforts to end the civil war without a good plan for its military wing.[13][14]
Armed wing
The military forces of the SPLM-IO are known as "Sudan People's Liberation Army-in-Opposition" (abbreviated "SPLA-IO") and consist of deserters from the
For weapons to fight the
In 2017 SPLA-IO lost the town of Pagak on the Ethiopian border during a government offensive.
Organization
The SPLA-IO did not have a formal military structure until the Pagak I conference in December 2014, after a year of war. Riek Machar created the following structure:[21]
Simon Gatwich as chief of general staff with the following deputies:
- Maj. Gen. Peter Gadet Yak, operations
- Maj. Gen. Garouth Gatkouth, logistics
- Maj. Gen. Dau Atujong, training
- Maj. Gen. Martin Kenyi, moral orientation
- Maj. Gen. Elias Juda Kulang, administration
- Maj. Gen. Moses Chot Riek, military production
- Maj. Gen. John Both Teny, general headquarters command
- Maj. Gen. Gabriel Tang Gatwich Chan, inspector general.
Along with the following commands:
- Maj. Gen. James Khor Chuol, Latjor Division 5
- Maj. Gen. Thomas Mabor Dhuo, Phou Division 7
- Maj. Gen. Peter Dor Manjur, Bieh Division 8
- Maj. Gen. Maguek Gai Majak, Lich Division 4
- Maj. Gen. James Koang Chuol, 1st Special Division
- Maj. Gen. Martin Terento Kenyi, Eastern Equatoria
- Maj. Gen. Salem El Haj, Central Equatoria
- Col. Wesley Welba, Mid-Western Equatoria
- Maj. Gen. Dau Aturjong, Northern Bahr el Ghazal
- Maj. Gen. Thomas Basilo Tindo, Western Bahr el Ghazal
See also
- Nuer White Army
- Sudan People's Liberation Army
External links
- Sudan People's Liberation Movement-in-Opposition
- Director of Communications, Sudan People's Liberation Movement-in-Opposition
References
- ^ Young (2017), p. 38.
- ^ "SPLM-IO to relocate headquarters to Juba". September 12, 2019.
- ^ a b c https://africaelects.com/south-sudan/ South Sudan - Africa Elects
- ^ "Machar's SPLM-IO picks green as group's political colour". sudanspost.com. 3 September 2020.
- ^ Niels Kastfelt, Religion and African Civil Wars, page 28.
- ^ "S. Sudanese army abandons positions in Jonglei: rebel spokesperson - Sudan Tribune: Plural news and views on Sudan". Sudan Tribune. Archived from the original on 2019-02-14. Retrieved 2016-07-24.
- ^ "South Sudan opposition head Riek Machar denies coup bid". BBC News. 18 December 2013. Retrieved 2016-07-24.
- ^ Cusack, Robert. "South Sudan rebels capture oil workers following $500mn contract". alaraby. Retrieved 2017-05-29.
- ^ "Gatwech no longer SPLA-IO Chief of Staff -Machar". Eye Radio. 2021-06-28. Retrieved 2022-07-20.
- ^ says, Hon Thor Jok (2021-08-03). "General Gatwech removes Machar, declares himself interim SPLM-IO chairman". Sudans Post. Retrieved 2022-07-20.
- ^ Young, John. "A Fractious Rebellion: Inside the SPLM-IO" (PDF). p. 43.
- ^ Martell 2018, p. 271.
- ^ Opinion: SPLM-IO's flawed peace strategy
- ^ SPLM-IO's flawed peace strategy
- ^ John Young (September 2015). "The SPLM-in-Opposition". Small Arms Survey. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
- ^ Young (2017), pp. 36–40.
- ^ Jason Patinkin (15 May 2018). "Ceasefire monitors accuse South Sudan forces, rebels of civilian killings". Reuters. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
- ^ a b c Martell 2018, p. 235.
- ^ "AMMUNITION AIRDROPPED TO SPLA-iO FORCES IN SOUTH SUDAN" (PDF). Conflict Armament Research. Retrieved 2023-10-09.</
- ^ "UN panel says Uganda, Ukraine and Egypt violating South Sudan arms embargo". Defense Web. Retrieved 2023-10-09.
- ^ Young, John. "A Fractious Rebellion: Inside the SPLM-IO" (PDF). p. 46.
Works cited
- Martell, Peter (2018). First Raise a Flag. London: Hurst & Company. ISBN 978-1849049597.
- Young, John (2017). ISOLATION AND ENDURANCE. Riek Machar and the SPLM-IO in 2016–17 (PDF). ISBN 978-2-940548-41-5.