SRD5A1

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SRD5A1
Identifiers
Gene ontology
Molecular function
Cellular component
Biological process
Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001047
NM_001324322
NM_001324323

NM_175283

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001038
NP_001311251
NP_001311252

NP_780492

Location (UCSC)Chr 5: 6.63 – 6.67 MbChr 13: 69.72 – 69.76 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

3-Oxo-5α-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 1 is an

steroid 5α-reductase
.

Steroid 5α-reductase (EC 1.3.99.5) catalyzes, among other reactions, the conversion of

5α-reductase isozymes.[6]

Function

The 3-oxo-5α-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 1 enzyme is involved in bile acid biosynthesis, androgen and estrogen metabolism. For instance, the enzyme catalyzes the conversion of

5α-dihydrotestosterone. It can also catalyze the conversion of progesterone, corticosterone or other steroids, to its corresponding 5α-3-oxo-steroids. This chemical reaction is called 5α-reduction, i.e. the reduction of the Δ5-4 double bond in steroids by catalyzing direct hydride transfer from NADPH to the carbon 5 position of the steroid substrate.[7][8][9]

Regulation

ETV4 family members bind to ETS DNA-binding sites and both regulate their own expression and the transcription of a subset of genes that are dependent upon testicular luminal fluid factors, including Ggt_pr4, SRD5A1, and Gpx5.[10]

Six-month dietary vitamin E deficiency in rats resulted in a twofold increase in the mRNA level of SRD5A1 gene and a twofold decrease in the mRNA level of GCLM gene but is not directly mediated by changes in promoter DNA methylation.[11]

Insulin increases the expression of 5α-reductase type 1 mRNA via Akt signalling suggest that elevated levels of 5α-reduced androgens seen in hyperinsulinemic conditions might be explained on the basis of a stimulatory effect of insulin on 5α-reductase in granulosa cells leading to impaired follicle growth and ovulation.[12]

Clinical significance

5α-reductase activity.[13]

PCOS is associated with enhanced androgen and cortisol metabolite excretion and increased 5α-reductase activity that cannot be explained by obesity alone. Increased adrenal corticosteroid production represents an important pathogenic pathway in PCOS.[14]

Progression to

5α-androstanedione, which is then converted to DHT fuelling cancer growth.[15]

Expression

SRD5A1 gene expression in human tissues, sorted by fragments per kilobase of exon model per million reads mapped (FPKM).[16] The FPKM data is taken from a 2014 study.[17]

In humans, the protein isozyme encoded by the SRD5A1 gene is expressed in esophagus, liver, skin and 24 other tissues.[18][17]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000145545 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000021594 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. PMID 1686016
    .
  6. ^ "Entrez Gene: SRD5A1 steroid-5-alpha-reductase, alpha polypeptide 1 (3-oxo-5 alpha-steroid delta 4-dehydrogenase alpha 1)".
  7. PMID 21903862
    .
  8. .
  9. .
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  11. .
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  16. ^ "What the FPKM? A review of RNA-Seq expression units". The farrago. 2 May 2014. Archived from the original on 30 December 2019. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  17. ^
    PMID 24309898
    .
  18. ^ "SRD5A1 steroid 5 alpha-reductase 1 - Homo sapiens (human) - expression". Archived from the original on 28 January 2024. Retrieved 8 March 2024.

Further reading

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