SR Q1 class

This is a good article. Click here for more information.
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the 0-6-0 tender locomotives introduced in 1942. For the 0-4-4 tank locomotives introduced in 1903, see SECR Q1 class.

SR Q1 class
British Railways
ClassSR: Q1
Power classBR: 5FA (later 5F)
Numbers
  • SR: C1 – C40
  • BR: 33001–33040
NicknamesCoffee Pots
Charlies
Ugly Ducklings
LocaleSouthern Region
Withdrawn1963–1966
PreservedC1
Current ownerNational Railway Museum
DispositionOne preserved, remainder scrapped

The SR Q1 class is a type of

Southern Railway network. A total of 40 locomotives were built. Bulleid incorporated many innovations and weight-saving concepts to produce a highly functional design. The class lasted in service until July 1966, and the first member of the class, number C1, has been preserved by the National Railway Museum
.

The highly unusual and controversial design represents the ultimate development of the British 0-6-0 freight engine, capable of hauling trains that were usually allocated to much larger locomotives on other railways. Nicknames for the class included "Ugly Ducklings", "Coffee Pots",[2] "Charlies", "Biscuit Tins", "Biscuit Barrels", "Clockworks" and "Frankensteins".[3]

Background

In late 1939, the Southern Railway, until then primarily a high-density commuter railway serving London and South-East England, much of it electrified with third-rail pick-up, found itself on the British front line of the Second World War, with a severe lack of modern freight-handling capability.[4] The newest freight design was the Q class 0-6-0 of 1938, the last locomotive designed by Richard Maunsell. Built to essentially Victorian era principles,[5] these had been designed as replacements for many of the older 0-6-0s inherited by the Southern Railway in 1923,[6] and entered service in January 1938.[7] Maunsell, having retired at the end of October 1937, was replaced by Oliver Bulleid.[8]

The Southern Railway became an essential strategic war-asset because of its proximity to continental Europe, and needed to equip itself with adequate freight-handling capability to transport the vast quantities of supplies and troops required for the conflict.[9] The brief stipulated high route availability and high tractive effort.

Construction history

The answer to this problem came from the drawing board of the Southern Railway's innovative

Brighton works and the remaining twenty at Ashford. Powerful and light, the Q1s formed the backbone of the Southern's heavy freight capability. The engine weighed less than 90 tons (90.6 tonnes) and could be used on more than 97% of the Southern Railway's route mileage.[10]

Design

Note the steeply inclined piston valves of the inside cylinders

The class was one of several built under the wartime austerity regime, which stressed pure functionality above any considerations of style or decoration.[4] This austere approach to the design explains its functional appearance. One aspect of their shape was that, like Bulleid's SR Merchant Navy class and SR West Country and Battle of Britain classes, they could be simply driven through a coach-washer for cleaning at a time when manpower for this time-consuming chore could not be spared.

The unusual shape was also dictated by the use of materials; the lagging was made of a

Stephenson link outside admission piston valves, having a travel in full gear of 6+1⁄8 in (155.58 mm) and a steam lap of 1+5⁄8 in (41.28 mm).[12] It was provided with a five-nozzle blast-pipe.[13]

The boiler design was based upon that of the Lord Nelson class, and the firebox used the same throatplate and backplate. The boiler barrel measured 10 ft 6 in (3.20 m) in length, with diameters of 5 ft 0 in (1.52 m) at the front and 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m) at the back. The grate area was 27 sq ft (2.51 m2), the heating surface of the 209 tubes and 21 flues was 1,302 sq ft (120.96 m2), that of the firebox was 170 sq ft (15.79 m2) giving a total evaporative heating surface of 1,472 sq ft (136.75 m2); the superheater heating surface was 218 sq ft (20.25 m2).[14]

Operational details

The Q1 was the final development of the British 0-6-0 main line steam locomotive. Later designs of medium-powered freight locomotives, such as the LMS Ivatt Class 2 2-6-0 and LMS Ivatt Class 4 Moguls, had a 2-6-0 wheel arrangement: the 0-6-0 wheel arrangement was not used in the BR Standard designs of locomotive.[15]

BR classified the Q1 class in the

LNER Class J20 (5F), LNER Class J39 (4P5F) and LNER Class J38 (6F).[10]

The Q1's route availability meant that although they were primarily freight locomotives they also frequently deputised on secondary passenger services. However, the class gained a reputation for poor braking on unfitted freight trains due to the light construction of the tender braking system.[10]

The Q1s thrived on their intended duties during World War II, and were an indispensable addition to the Southern locomotive fleet,[9] to such an extent that they all remained in service until the 1960s, long after they were intended to cease operation as an "austerity" design.[10] Withdrawals began in 1963, when one had a broken cylinder that was deemed not worthy of repairing. The last example of the class was withdrawn in 1966.[16]

Table of withdrawals
Year Quantity in
service at
start of year		 Quantity
withdrawn		 Locomotive numbers
1963 40 13 33002/05/08/11/13/16/19/21/24–25/28/31/37.
1964 27 20 33001/03/07/10/12/14–15/17/22–23/29–30/32–36/38–40.
1965 7 4 33004/09/18/26.
1966 3 3 33006/20/27.

Livery and numbering

Southern Railway and Bulleid numbering system

Livery of the Q1 Class was plain freight black, with Sunshine Yellow numbering on the cabside, and "Southern" lettering on the tender, shaded in green.

UIC classification system where "C" refers to the number of coupled driving axles – in this case three. All these locomotives therefore carried numbers which started "C" followed by the individual identifier from C1 to C40.[18]

No. 33016 at Feltham Locomotive Depot 11 May 1959.

Post-1948 (nationalisation)

After nationalisation, the original Southern livery was in continued use, although with "

power classification 5F, the locomotives were also renumbered to the British Railways' standard numbering system as 33001–33040.[19]

Preservation

Southern C1 (8269510295)
C1 at Railfest, York, 29 May 2004 (Richard Salmon)
C1 at Railfest, York, 29 May 2004

Only one locomotive of the class survived into preservation. First-of-class 33001 (C1) has been preserved, and now resides at the National Railway Museum in York, where it carries its original SR livery and number. Before it moved to York in 2004, the locomotive worked on the Bluebell Railway in West Sussex: it ran from 14 September 1980 to Spring 1983. Its second period of running was from 9 September 1992 to Summer 2000 and that is the last time it ran.[10]

References

Notes

  1. ^ Scott-Morgan 2003, p. 19
  2. ^ Glasspool, David. "Bulleid Class Q1". Kent Rail. Retrieved 31 January 2009.
  3. ^ "Bulleid Q1 Class" (PDF). Victory Works. Retrieved 12 October 2018.
  4. ^ a b c Longworth, section "Q1 class"
  5. ^ Scott-Morgan 2003, p. 9
  6. ^ Haresnape 1977, p. 112
  7. ^ Bradley 1975, p. 54
  8. ^ Chacksfield 1998, p. 146
  9. ^ a b Whitehouse & Thomas 2002, p. 6
  10. ^ a b c d e f g Herring 2000, pp. 150–151
  11. ^ Scott-Morgan 2003, pp. 17–19
  12. ^ Bradley 1975, p. 59.
  13. ^ Scott-Morgan 2003, p. 10
  14. ^ Bradley 1975, pp. 59–60.
  15. ^ Scott-Morgan 2003, p. 72
  16. ^ Bradley 1975, pp. 64–65
  17. ^ Scott-Morgan 2003, p. 25
  18. ^ Bulleids in Retrospect
  19. ^ Ian Allan ABC of British Railways 1958–59

Bibliography

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to SR Q1 class.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SR_Q1_class&oldid=1219454931"