SS Samuel Huntington

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Samuel Huntington was a standard liberty ship, similar to SS John W. Brown, seen here.
History
United States
NameSamuel Huntington
Namesake
Samuel Huntington
OwnerUnited States Maritime Commission
Operator
San Francisco, California
BuilderPermanente Metals Corp.
Yard number
Way number4
Laid down20 January 1942
Launched26 April 1942
Completed18 May 1942
IdentificationMC Hull #248
FateBombed and sunk off Anzio, 29 January 1944
General characteristics
Class and type
Tonnage7,181 GRT
Length
  • 441 feet 6 inches (135 m) oa
  • 416 feet (127 m) pp
  • 427 feet (130 m) lwl
Beam57 feet (17 m)
Draft27 ft 9.25 in (8.4646 m)
Propulsion
  • 1 ×
    triple-expansion steam engine
    ,
  • 1 ×
    screw propeller
Speed11.5 knots (21.3 km/h; 13.2 mph)
Capacity
  • 562,608 cubic feet (15,931 m3) (grain)
  • 499,573 cubic feet (14,146 m3) (bale)
Troops350; 504 POWs
Complement
Armament

SS Samuel Huntington was an American

launched in 1942 and sailed to ports in the Pacific, South America, Africa, and the United Kingdom. She was one of a select group of liberty ships that were outfitted to carry a limited number of either troops or prisoners of war. As part of a convoy to resupply the Allied troops at Anzio, she sank after a successful German
bomb attack in January 1944.

Construction

Samuel Huntington was laid down on 20 January 1942 by Permanente Metals Corp. on ship way number four at their

launched on 26 April, and delivered on 18 May. She was completed in 118 days, spending 96 on the ways and 22 on the water before delivery.[1] She was one of about 220 liberty ships, about one out of every 10 made, that were outfitted to carry a limited number of either troops or prisoners of war. Sources are not clear when the passenger capability was added to Samuel Huntington, but modifications of this sort were made after November 1942.[2]

Service history

Ten days after her delivery, Samuel Huntington departed

South Atlantic, and arrived at Cape Town, South Africa, on 2 September.[3]

Sailing from Cape Town on 6 September, Samuel Huntington sailed around the

Massaua on the Eritrean coast on 26 September and Suez on 1 October. Departing Suez on 12 October, she retraced her track around Africa, calling at Port Sudan on 18 October, Durban on 2 November, Cape Town on 7 November. Leaving the same day, she crossed the South Atlantic and headed for Paramaribo, Suriname.[3]

Samuel Huntington
, the namesake of SS Samuel Huntington

Samuel Huntington arrived at Paramaribo on 27 November, and sailed three days later for Trinidad.[3] After arriving at that Caribbean port on 1 December, the Huntington waited for a week before sailing in convoy TAG-27 to Guantanamo Bay with 12 other ships.[4] After arriving at Guantanamo Bay on 12 December, the convoy, dropping four ships, reformed as convoy GN.27 headed for New York City and departed the same day. The Huntington, calling at a U.S. port for the first time in seven months, arrived at New York on 19 December.[5]

The Huntington departed New York as a part of

U-boats attacked the convoy repeatedly over a four-day period.[6][7] Some 20 U-boats participated, sinking 12 Allied ships, including Henry R. Mallory, a troop transport that went down with 272 men—more than half of her passengers and crew;[8] three U-boats were lost.[7] Samuel Huntington departed the convoy and arrived at Clyde on 11 February.[6]

After calling at Belfast Lough in early April, Samuel Huntington made her way to Liverpool to join Convoy ON 181 to New York. Departing on 30 April as one of 48 merchant ships in the convoy, the liberty ship made port at New York on 17 May.[9] The convoy reported no submarine activity, and about two-thirds of the convoy were able to take target practice on icebergs during the voyage.[10]

Samuel Huntington next departed New York on 13 June for

Hampton Roads, Virginia—to return to the United States. Samuel Huntington left the convoy as it neared the U.S. east coast, and headed for New York, arriving there on 5 September.[3][13]

After making her way to Hampton Roads, Samuel Huntington departed for

Baltimore on 16 November. Shifting to Hampton Roads in early December, Samuel Huntington prepared to depart on what would be her last sailing from the United States.[3]

guided missile on display at the Deutsches Museum
in Munich is the type of weapon used in the attack on Samuel Huntington.

The Huntington—in Convoy UGS-27, a 115-ship convoy

TNT.[3][16]

Sinking

At sunset on 29 January,

flying bridge in the process.[18] With no power, and, hence, no way of fighting the fire, Samuel Huntington's master ordered the ship abandoned, and the crew lowered her lifeboats and headed away from the ship.[16] Fifteen minutes after the bomb's blast, another explosion rocked the ship, throwing a cloud of debris over 1,000 feet (300 m) in the air, and raining shrapnel on ships as far as 1+1⁄2 miles (2,400 m) away.[19]

After the second explosion, Samuel Huntington settled to the bottom, but because the bottom had been only 3 feet (0.91 m) below her keel, most of the ship remained above the water.[16] U.S. Navy salvage ship Weight came alongside the Huntington and trained two deck water guns and a 2.5-inch (6.4 cm) water hose to douse the fires. When the task seemed accomplished, Weight pulled away. The fires flared up again four hours later and Weight returned to fight the conflagration again. After tending to other ships damaged during the raid, Weight returned a third time.[20] By the early morning hours on 30 January, any hope of salvaging Samuel Huntington or her cargo ended when the fires reached her load of canned gasoline. The resulting explosion completely destroyed the ship and again rained shrapnel on nearby ships. When the smoke cleared, no trace of the Huntington remained.[16]

Notes

  1. ^ Colton, Tim. "Permanente Metals Corp., Richmond No. 2 Yard, Richmond CA". ShipbuildingHistory.com. Archived from the original on 12 October 2008. Retrieved 5 July 2008.
  2. ^ Charles, "Appendix B", p. 358–360.
  3. ^ a b c d e f "Port Arrivals/Departures: Samuel Huntington". Arnold Hague's Ports Database. Convoy Web. Archived from the original on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 5 July 2008.
  4. ^ "Convoy TAG.27". Arnold Hague Convoy Database. ConvoyWeb. Retrieved 5 July 2008. Another steamer, the American F. Q. Barstow joined the convoy from Curaçao.
  5. ^ "Convoy GN.27". Arnold Hague Convoy Database. ConvoyWeb. Retrieved 5 July 2008.
  6. ^ a b "Convoy SC.118". Arnold Hague Convoy Database. ConvoyWeb. Retrieved 5 July 2008.
  7. ^ a b Helgason, Guðmundur. "U-Boat Operations: Convoy Battles: SC-118". The U-Boat War 1939–1945. uboat.net. Retrieved 5 July 2008.
  8. ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Allied Ships hit by U-boats: Henry R. Mallory". The U-Boat War 1939–1945. uboat.net. Retrieved 5 July 2008. SS Henry R. Mallory had also served as a troop transport in World War I as USS Henry R. Mallory (ID-1280).
  9. ^ "Convoy ON.181". Arnold Hague Convoy Database. ConvoyWeb. Retrieved 5 July 2008.
  10. ^ "Convoy ON 181: Commodore Nicholson's Narrative". WarSailors.com. Retrieved 5 July 2008.
  11. ^ "Convoy UGS.10". Arnold Hague Convoy Database. ConvoyWeb. Retrieved 5 July 2008.
  12. OCLC 60621086. Archived from the original on 2008-09-24. Retrieved 2008-07-05. Date of attack: Horodysky, T. (4 September 2006). "Chronological List of U.S. Ships Sunk or Damaged during 1943"
    . American Merchant Marine at War. USMM.org. Retrieved 5 July 2008.
  13. ^ "Convoy GUS.12". Arnold Hague Convoy Database. ConvoyWeb. Retrieved 5 July 2008.
  14. ^ "Convoy GUS.19". Arnold Hague Convoy Database. ConvoyWeb. Retrieved 5 July 2008.
  15. ^ "Convoy UGS.27". Arnold Hague Convoy Database. ConvoyWeb. Retrieved 5 July 2008.
  16. ^
    OCLC 60621086. Retrieved 2008-07-05. [dead link
    ]
  17. ^ Colledge p. 328. For number (and names) of casualties, see: Kindell, Don (21 April 2007). "Royal Navy Casualties, killed and died, January 1944". Casualty Lists of the Royal Navy and Dominion Navies, 1922-present. Naval-History.Net. Retrieved 16 July 2008.
  18. ^ "3 killed, 1 missing in Anzio bombing of liberty ship". The Washington Post. 4 August 1944. p. 2.
  19. ^ Butenschoen, George W. (2000). "The Sailors Log". World War II Landing Craft Tanks. Archived from the original on 28 May 2001. Retrieved 5 July 2008.
  20. ^ "Weight". DANFS.

References

External links

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