SS West Humhaw

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SS West Humhaw after launch
SS West Humhaw shortly after launch on 28 August 1918 and before the completion of her superstructure.
History
NameSS West Humhaw
Operator
  • U.S. Navy
    18
  • U.S. Shipping Board
    19
  • American-West African Line
    24
BuilderSkinner & Eddy
Yard number30 (USSB #1183)
Laid down27 June 1918
Launched28 August 1918
Acquired14 September 1918
Commissioned16 September 1918–27 January 1919
In service16 September 1918–8 November 1942
FateTorpedoed and sunk by
Takoradi, Ghana
, 8 November 1942
General characteristics
TypeDesign 1013 cargo ship
Tonnage5,600
gross, 8,800 dwt
Displacement12,225 tons
Length
  • 423 ft 9 in (129.16 m)
  • 410 ft 5 in (125.10 m) bp
Beam54 ft (16 m)
Draft24 ft 2 in (7.37 m)
Depth of hold29 ft 9 in (9.07 m)
Installed power1 × Curtis geared turbine
PropulsionSingle screw
Speed11.5 kn (21.3 km/h)
Complement
  • World War I (
    USN
    ): 94
  • Peacetime: about 30
  • World War II: 54 (38 crew, 16 armed guards)
Armament
  • World War I: 1 ×
    3"/50 cal
  • World War II: 1 × 4", 2 × 20mm AA, 2 × .30 cal. MG

SS West Humhaw was a steel–hulled cargo ship built in 1918 as part of the United States Shipping Board's emergency World War I shipbuilding program.

The ship was delivered just weeks before the end of the war and immediately commissioned into the

U.S. Navy as USS West Humhaw (ID-3718), but completed only one relief mission on the Navy's behalf before decommissioning in January 1919. West Humhaw subsequently operated as a merchant ship, firstly in transatlantic
service and later on the trade routes between the U.S. and Africa.

With the outbreak of World War II, West Humhaw participated in a small number of

Takoradi, Ghana
on 8 November 1942.

Construction and design

West Humhaw was built in

Skinner & Eddy Corporation—the 15th in a series of 24 steel–hulled Design 1013 cargo ships built by Skinner & Eddy for the USSB's emergency wartime shipbuilding program.[1] The ship was laid down on 27 June, launched just 51 working (62 calendar) days later on 28 August, and completed on 14 September—a total time under construction of 64 working (79 calendar) days,[2] making West Humhaw one of the fastest-built ships of the war.[3]

West Humhaw had a design

3"/50 caliber gun.[5]

Service history

U.S. Navy service, 1918-1919

Immediately on completion, West Humhaw was turned over to the U.S. Navy on 13 September,

Naval Overseas Transportation Service (NOTS).[4]

Loading a full cargo of

east coast of the United States, transiting the Panama Canal and arriving at New York on the 31st. On 12 November—the day after Armistice Day—West Humhaw departed for La Pallice, France, arriving two weeks later. From La Pallice, the ship sailed on to Bordeaux, where she unloaded her cargo and departed once more for New York on 21 December, arriving on 12 January 1919.[4]

On 27 January, a few days after her return to the U.S., West Humhaw was decommissioned, struck from the Navy List, and returned the same day to the United States Shipping Board.[4]

Interwar years

Following her decommissioning, West Humhaw was quickly placed into merchant service by the USSB as SS West Humhaw. The vessel's movements in the interwar period are poorly documented, but it appears that the ship was initially placed into

Danzig, Poland; Hamburg, Germany; Plymouth and London, England; and Pauillac, France, to New York.[7]

West Humhaw was eventually turned over to the

Côte d'Ivoire.[7] After her turnover to the American-West African Line, the ship would remain under the control of this company for the rest of her career.[4]

World War II

Following the outbreak of World War II, West Humhaw like most other U.S. merchant ships was fitted with some defensive armament, which in West Humhaw's case included a 4-inch gun, two 20mm

antiaircraft guns, and two .30 caliber machine guns. To man the weapons, a group of 16 U.S. Navy armed guards was provided.[8]

With America's entry into the war in December 1941, West Humhaw soon found herself part of the Allied convoy system. In July–August 1942, West Humhaw participated in convoys sailing from Trinidad to New York via Key West, Florida. In September, the ship returned in convoy to Trinidad via Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. From this point the ship appears to have proceeded independently to Freetown, Sierra Leone, on her way to Lagos, Nigeria.[9]

On her way to Freetown, West Humhaw came across a lifeboat on 13 October, containing 18 survivors from another ship of the American-West African Line,

Recife, Brazil.[11][12]

Loss

On 4 November 1942, West Humhaw, laden with a cargo of 2000 tons of lubricating oil and 3,915 tons of general cargo, including cable drums and trucks as deck cargo, departed Freetown with a small escorted convoy of three ships, bound for

Takoradi, Ghana. At 23:47 hours on 8 November, the convoy was attacked by U-161.[13] U-161 fired four torpedoes, one of which hit and damaged the merchant ship Benalder and another of which struck West Humhaw. Once it became clear the vessel could not be saved, West Humhaw's crew abandoned ship, which sank by the bows in about thirty minutes. Fortunately, there were no deaths in the attack, and the survivors were rescued after about 45 minutes by the Motor Launch HMS ML-281, which transferred them to Takoradi.[4][8]

References

  1. ^ "General Cargo Ships Built in Pacific Coast Shipyards" Archived 22 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine, shipbuildinghistory.com.
  2. ^ Pacific Ports Annual, pp. 64-65.
  3. ^ Hurley, p. 93. Note that Hurley does not specifically mention West Humhaw in his list of fastest-built ships, but at 79 calendar days the vessel would, according to Hurley's list, have been the equal fourth fastest-built ship of the war.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g West Humhaw Archived 3 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, Naval History and Heritage Command website.
  5. ^ a b Silverstone, p. 169.
  6. ^ Note: DANFS says the vessel was handed over to the Navy on 13 September but Skinner & Eddy stated that the date of delivery was 14 September (see Pacific Ports Annual pp. 64-65). The reason for this apparent discrepancy is not known but the DANFS date on which "the ship was taken over by the Navy" has been given here.
  7. ^ a b Ellis Island Ship Database - West Humhaw[permanent dead link], ellisislandrecords.org.
  8. ^ a b Allied Ships hit by U-boats - West Humhaw, uboat.net.
  9. ^ Arnold Hague Convoy Database, convoyweb.org.uk. Click on the "Ship Search" link and enter Humhaw which should bring up a list of wartime convoys in which West Humhaw is known to have participated.
  10. ^ Allied Ships hit by U-boats - John Carter Rose, uboat.net.
  11. ^ Bunker 2006, p. 137.
  12. ^ Bunker 1972 (extract).
  13. ^ Note: DANFS states that the attacking sub was U-163 but uboat.net and other sources affirm that the attacker was U-161.

Bibliography

  • Bunker, John (2006): Heroes in Dungarees: The Story of the American Merchant Marine in World War II, p. 137, Naval Institute Press,
    ISBN 978-1-59114-099-3
    .
  • Bunker, John (1972): Liberty ships,: The ugly ducklings of World War II, Naval Institute Press.
  • Hurley, Edward N. (1920): The New Merchant Marine, p. 93, The Century Co., New York.
  • Pacific Ports Inc. (1919): Pacific Ports Annual, Fifth Edition, 1919, pp. 64–65, 402–405, Pacific Ports Inc.
  • Silverstone, Paul H. (2006): The New Navy, 1883-1922, Routledge,
    ISBN 978-0-415-97871-2
    .

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