Sukhoi Su-27
Su-27 | |
---|---|
Su-27SKM at MAKS-2005 airshow | |
Role | Multirole fighter, air superiority fighter |
National origin | Soviet Union / Russia |
Manufacturer | Sukhoi |
First flight | 20 May 1977 |
Introduction | 22 June 1985 |
Status | In service |
Primary users | Russian Aerospace Forces People's Liberation Army Air Force Uzbekistan Air and Air Defence Forces See Operators section for others |
Produced | 1982–2010 |
Number built | 680[1] |
Variants | Sukhoi Su-30 Sukhoi Su-33 Sukhoi Su-34 Sukhoi Su-35 Sukhoi Su-37 Shenyang J-11 |
The Sukhoi Su-27 (
The Su-27 entered service with the Soviet Air Forces in 1985. The primary role was long range air defence against American SAC Rockwell B-1B Lancer and Boeing B-52G and H Stratofortress bombers, protecting the Soviet coast from aircraft carriers and flying long range fighter escort for Soviet heavy bombers such as the Tupolev Tu-95, Tupolev Tu-22M and Tupolev Tu-160.[2]
The Su-27 was developed into a family of aircraft; these include the Su-30, a two-seat, dual-role fighter for all-weather, air-to-air and air-to-surface deep interdiction missions, and the Su-33, a naval fleet defense interceptor for use from aircraft carriers. Further versions include the side-by-side two-seat Su-34 strike/fighter-bomber variant, and the Su-35 improved air superiority and multi-role fighter. A thrust-vectoring version was created, called the Su-37. The Shenyang J-11 is a Chinese license-built version of the Su-27.
Development
This section needs additional citations for verification. (March 2009) |
In 1969, the Soviet Union learned of the
When the specification proved too challenging and costly for a single aircraft in the number needed, the PFI specification was split into two: the LPFI (Lyogkyi PFI, Lightweight PFI) and the TPFI (Tyazholyi PFI, Heavy PFI). The LPFI program resulted in the Mikoyan MiG-29, a relatively short-range tactical fighter, while the TPFI program was assigned to Sukhoi OKB, which eventually produced the Su-27 and its various derivatives.
The Sukhoi design, which was altered progressively to reflect Soviet awareness of the F-15's specifications, emerged as the T-10 (Sukhoi's 10th design), which first flew on 20 May 1977. The aircraft had a large wing, clipped, with two separate
Air Force
The T-10 was spotted by Western observers and assigned the NATO reporting name 'Flanker-A'. The development of the T-10 was marked by considerable problems, leading to a fatal crash of the second prototype, the T-10-2 on 7 July 1978,[4] due to shortcomings in the fly-by-wire control system.[5] Extensive redesigns followed (T-10-3 through T-10-15) and a revised version of the T-10-7, now designated the T-10S, made its first flight on 20 April 1981. It also crashed due to control problems and was replaced by T-10-12 which became T-10S-2. This one also crashed on 23 December 1981 during a high-speed test, killing the pilot.[6] Eventually the T-10-15 demonstrator, T-10S-3, evolved into the definitive Su-27 configuration.[7]
The T-10S-3 was modified and officially designated the P-42, setting a number of
The production Su-27 (sometimes Su-27S, NATO designation 'Flanker-B') began to enter VVS operational service in 1985, although manufacturing difficulties kept it from appearing in strength until 1990.[12] The Su-27 served with both the V-PVO and Frontal Aviation. Operational conversion of units to the type occurred using the Su-27UB (Russian for Uchebno Boevoy - "combat trainer", NATO designation 'Flanker-C') twin-seat trainer, with the pilots seated in tandem.[citation needed]
When the naval Flanker trainer was being conceived the Soviet Air Force was evaluating a replacement for the
Development of a version for the Soviet Navy designated Su-27K (from Korabyelny - "shipborne", NATO designation 'Flanker-D') commenced not long after the development of the main land-based type. Some of the T-10 demonstrators were modified to test features of navalized variants for carrier operations. These modified demonstrators led to specific prototypes for the Soviet Navy, designated "T-10K". The T-10Ks had
At the time the naval Flanker was being developed the Soviets were building their first generation of aircraft carriers and had no experience with steam catapults and did not want to delay the introduction of the carriers. Thus it was decided to use a take-off method that did not require catapults by building up full thrust against a blast deflector until the aircraft sheared restraints holding it down to the deck. The fighter would then accelerate up the deck onto a ski jump and become airborne.[14]
The production Su-27K featured the required strengthened landing gear with a two-wheel nose gear assembly, folding
Development of the naval trainer, called the Su-27KUB (from Korabyelny Uchebno-Boyevoy - "shipborne trainer-combat"), began in 1989. The aim was to produce an airframe with dual roles for the Navy and Air Force suitable for a range of other missions such as reconnaissance, aerial refuelling, maritime strike, and jamming. This concept then evolved into the Su-27IB (Su-34 "Fullback") for the Soviet Air Force. The naval trainer had a revised forward fuselage to accommodate a side-by-side cockpit seating arrangement with crew access via a ladder in the nose-wheel undercarriage and enlarged canards, stabilisers, fins and rudders. The wings had extra ordnance hard-points and the fold position was also moved further outboard. The inlets were fixed and did not feature foreign object damage suppression hardware. The central fuselage was strengthened to accommodate 45 tonnes (99,000 pounds) maximum gross weight and internal volume was increased by 30%. This first prototype, the T-10V-1, flew in April 1990 conducting aerial refuelling trials and simulated carrier landing approaches on the Tbilisi. The second prototype, the T-10V-2 was built in 1993 and had enlarged internal fuel tanks, enlarged spine, lengthened tail and tandem dual wheel main undercarriage.[13]
Export and post-Soviet development
In 1991, the production facilities at Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Plant and Irkutsk developed export variants of the Su-27: the Su-27SK single seat fighter and Su-27UBK twin-seat trainer, (the K in both variants is Russian for "Kommercheskiy" - literally "Commercial")[citation needed] which have been exported to China, Vietnam, Ethiopia and Indonesia.[citation needed]
After the collapse of the USSR in 1991, Russia, the successor state, started development of advanced variants of the Su-27 including the Su-30, Su-33, Su-34, Su-35, and Su-37.
Since 1998 the export Su-27SK has been produced as the Shenyang J-11 in China under licence. The first licensed-production plane, assembled in Shenyang from Russian supplied kits, was flight tested on 16 December 1998. These licence-built versions, which numbered 100, were designated J-11A. The next model, the J-11B made extensive use of Chinese developed systems within the Su-27SK airframe.[17]
Starting in 2004, the Russian Air Force began a major update of the original Soviet Su-27 ('Flanker-B') fleet. The upgraded variants were designated Su-27SM (Russian for "Seriyniy Modernizovanniy" - literally "Serial Modernized"). This included upgrades in air-to-air capability with the
The Su-30 is a two-seat multi-role version developed from the Su-27UBK and was designed for export and evolved into two main variants. The export variant for China, the SU-30MKK ('Flanker-G') which first flew in 1999. The other variant developed as the export version for India, the Su-30MKI ('Flanker-H') was delivered in 2002 and has at least five other configurations.
The Su-33 is the Russian Navy version of the Soviet Su-27K which was redesignated by the Sukhoi Design Bureau after 1991. Both have the NATO designation 'Flanker-D'.
The Su-34 is the Russian derivative of the Soviet-era Su-27IB, which evolved from the Soviet Navy Su-27KUB operational conversion trainer. It was previously referred to as the Su-32MF.
The newest and most advanced version of the Su-27 is the Su-35S ("Serial"). The Su-35 was previously referred to as the Su-27M, Su-27SM2, and Su-35BM.[19]
The Su-37 is an advanced technology demonstrator derived from Su-35 prototypes, featuring thrust vectoring nozzles made of
Design
This section needs additional citations for verification. (March 2009) |
The Su-27's basic design is aerodynamically similar to the
The Su-27 had the Soviet Union's first operational fly-by-wire control system, based on the Sukhoi
The naval version of the 'Flanker', the Su-27K (or Su-33), incorporates canards for additional lift, reducing takeoff distances. These canards have also been incorporated in some Su-30s, the Su-35, and the Su-37.
The Su-27 is equipped with a
The Su-27 is armed with a single 30 mm (1.18 in) Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-30-1 cannon in the starboard wingroot, and has up to 10 hardpoints for missiles and other weapons. Its standard missile armament for air-to-air combat is a mixture of R-73 (AA-11 Archer) and R-27 (AA-10 'Alamo') missiles, the latter including extended range and infrared homing models.
Operational history
Soviet Union and Russia
The
On 13 September 1987, a fully armed Soviet Su-27, Red 36, intercepted a Norwegian Lockheed P-3 Orion maritime patrol aircraft flying over the Barents Sea. The Soviet fighter performed different close passes, colliding with the reconnaissance aircraft on the third pass. The Su-27 disengaged and both aircraft landed safely at their bases.[25]
These aircraft were used by the Russian Air Force during the 1992–1993 war in Abkhazia against Georgian forces. One fighter, piloted by Major Vatslav Aleksandrovich Shipko (Вацлав Александрович Шипко) was reported shot down in friendly fire by an S-75M Dvina on 19 March 1993 while intercepting Georgian Su-25s performing close air support. The pilot was killed.[26][27]
In the
On 7 February 2013, two Su-27s briefly entered Japanese airspace off Rishiri Island near Hokkaido, flying south over the Sea of Japan before turning back to the north.[30] Four Mitsubishi F-2 fighters were scrambled to visually confirm the Russian planes,[31] warning them by radio to leave their airspace.[32] A photo taken by a JASDF pilot of one of the two Su-27s was released by the Japan Ministry of Defense.[33] Russia denied the incursion, saying the jets were making routine flights near the disputed Kuril Islands.[30]
Russia plans to replace the Su-27 and the Mikoyan MiG-29 eventually with the Sukhoi Su-57 fifth-generation multi-role twin-engine fighter.[34]
A squadron of Su-27SM3s was deployed to Syria in November 2015 as part of the
A Russian Su-27 crashed over the Black Sea on 25 March 2020, in mysterious circumstances. The pilot was not found,[37] after a large-scale rescue effort hampered by inclement weather involving four helicopters, 11 civilian and military vessels, and several drones. The plane's last location was some 50 kilometers from the city of Feodosia.[38]
China
China was the first foreign operator of Su-27 and the only country to acquire the fighter before the
The earliest batch of Su-27s was stationed at the
Differences in the payment method delayed the signing of the second, identical contract. For the first batch, 70% of the payment had been made in barter transactions with light industrial goods and food. The
On 3 December 1999, a third contract was signed, this time for 28 Su-27UBKs. All 76 of the aircraft featured strengthened
At the 2009
Ethiopia
Ethiopian Su-27s shot down two Eritrean MiG-29s and damaged another one during the
Angola
The Su-27 entered Angolan service in mid-2000 during the Angolan Civil War. It is reported that one Su-27 in the process of landing, was shot down by 9K34 Strela-3 MANPADs fired by UNITA forces on 19 November 2000.[44][50]
Indonesia
Four Indonesian Flanker-type fighters including Su-27s participated for the first time in the biennial Exercise Pitch Black exercise in Australia on 27 July 2012. Arriving at Darwin, Australia, the two Su-27s and two Sukhoi Su-30s were escorted by two Australian F/A-18 Hornets of No. 77 Squadron, Royal Australian Air Force.[51] Exercise Pitch Black 12 was conducted from 27 July through 17 August 2012, and involved 2,200 personnel and up to 94 aircraft from Australia, Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand, New Zealand and the United States.[52]
Ukraine
The
The
In 2014 during the Annexation of Crimea, a Ukrainian Air Force Su-27 was scrambled to intercept Russian fighter jets over Ukraine's airspace over the Black Sea on 3 March.[60] With no aerial opposition and other aircraft available for ground attack duties, Ukrainian Su-27s played only a small role in the war in Donbas until 24 February 2022. Ukrainian Su-27s were recorded performing low fly passes and were reported flying top cover, combat air patrols and eventual escort or intercept of civil aviation traffic over Eastern Ukraine.[61][62] Videos taken of low-flying Su-27s involved in the operation revealed they were armed with R-27 and R-73 air-to-air missiles.[63]
There were two fatal crashes involving Ukrainian Su-27s in 2018.
On 29 May 2020, Ukrainian Su-27s took part in the Bomber Task Force in Europe with B-1B bombers for the first time in the Black Sea region.[67] On 4 September 2020, three B-52 bombers from the 5th Bomb Wing, Minot Air Force Base, North Dakota, conducted vital integration training with Ukrainian MiG-29s and Su-27s inside Ukraine’s airspace.[68]
Russo-Ukrainian War
Russian invasion of Ukraine
The Su-27 was used by both sides in the
On 7 May 2022, a pair of Ukrainian Su-27s conducted a high-speed, low-level bombing run on Russian-occupied
On 7 June 2022, a Ukrainian Su-27, bort number 38 blue, was shot down while flying at low altitude near Orikhiv in Zaporizhzhia Oblast. The aircraft was reportedly destroyed either by an enemy air-to-air missile or due to friendly fire.[76][77]
On 21 August 2022, a Ukrainian Su-27 was reported lost in combat. The pilot died.[78][79]
In September 2022, a Ukrainian Su-27 has been spotted carrying out
On 13 October 2022, one Ukrainian Su-27 from the 39th Tactical Aviation Brigade was lost during a combat mission in Poltava Oblast, the pilot died.[81][82]
On 10 March 2023, a Russian Su-27 was damaged in a partisan attack on Uglovoye airfield in Primorsky Krai, Russia. The video of a burning airplane was posted by the Freedom of Russia Legion.[clarification needed][83]
On 14 March 2023, a Russian Su-27 intercepted an American MQ-9 Reaper drone and performed several passes, dumping fuel onto it before colliding with it, causing the drone to crash into the Black Sea.[84]
Variants
Soviet era
- T-10 ("Flanker-A")
- [85] Initial prototype configuration.
- T-10S ("Flanker-A")
- [85] Improved prototype configuration, more similar to production spec.
- P-42
- Special version built to beat climb time records. The aircraft had all armament, radar and paint removed, which reduced weight to 14,100 kg (31,100 lb). It also had improved engines. Similar to the US F-15 Streak Eagle project. Between 1986 and 1988, it established and took several climb records from the Streak Eagle. Several of these records (such as time to climb to 3000 m, 6000 m, 9000 m, and 12000 m) still stands current as of 2019.[86][87]
- Su-27 ("Flanker-A")
- [85] Pre-production series built in small numbers with AL-31 engine.
- Su-27S (Su-27 / "Flanker-B")
- [85][88] Initial production single-seater with improved AL-31F engine. The "T-10P".
- Su-27P (Su-27 / "Flanker-B")
- [85][88] Standard version but without air-to-ground weapons control system and wiring and assigned to Soviet Air Defence Forces units. Often designated Su-27 without -P.[89]
- Su-27UB ("Flanker-C")
- [85][88] Initial production two-seat operational conversion trainer.
- Su-27K (Su-33 / "Flanker-D")
- [85][88] Carrier-based single-seater with folding wings, high-lift devices, and arresting gear, built in small numbers. They followed the "T-10K" prototypes and demonstrators.
- Su-27KUB (Su-33UB)
- Two-seat training-and-combat version based on the Su-27K and Su-27KU, with a side-by-side seating same as Su-34. One prototype built.
- Su-27KM
A projected carrier–based fighter from the base Su-27 fighter that featured
- Su-27M (Su-35/Su-37 / "Flanker-E/F")
- [91][92] Improved demonstrators for an advanced single-seat multi-role Su-27S derivative. These also included a two-seat "Su-35UB" demonstrator.
- Su-27PU (Su-30 / "Flanker-C")
- [85][88] Two-seat version of the Su-27P interceptor, designed to support other single-seat Su-27P, MiG-31 and other interceptor aircraft in PVO service, with tactical data. The model was later renamed to Su-30, and modified into a multi-role fighter mainly for export market, moving away from the original purpose of the aircraft.
- Su-32 (Su-27IB)
- Two-seat dedicated long-range strike variant with side-by-side seating in "platypus" nose. Prototype of Su-32FN and Su-34.
Post-Soviet era
- Su-27PD ("Flanker-B")
- Single-seat demonstrator with improvements such as inflight refuelling probe.
- Su-30M/MK ("Flanker-H")
- Next-generation multi-role two–seat fighter. A few Su-30Ms were built for Russian evaluation in the mid-1990s, though little came of the effort. The Su-30MK export variant was embodied as a series of two demonstrators of different levels of capability. Versions include Su-30MKA for
- Su-27SK ("Flanker-B")
- [85][88] Export version of the Su-27S, with a reinforced landing gear allowing for a 33 tonnes maximum take-off weight, and a N001M radar with additional air-to-ground modes.[95] Exported to China in 1992-1996 and developed into the Shenyang J-11.[citation needed] It was also sold to Indonesia in 2003. Indonesian Su-27SKs are equipped with an in-flight refuelling probe.[95]
- Su-27KI / Su-30KI
- Single-seat demonstrator built in anticipation of an Indonesian order in 1997, based on a Su-27SK. It included an in-flight refuelling probe, and a N001M radar with additional functions allowing for the use of the R-77 missile. That order never came however, due to an embargo caused by the Indonesian occupation of East Timor.[95] Later converted to Su-27SKM in 2002.[96]
- Shenyang J-11
- Chinese derivative of the Su-27SK.
- Su-27UBK ("Flanker-C")
- [85][88] Export Su-27UB two-seater.
- Su-27SKM
- Single-seat multi-role fighter for export. It is a derivative of the Su-27SK but includes upgrades such as advanced cockpit, more sophisticated self-defense electronic countermeasures (ECM) and an in-flight refuelling system.[97]
- Su-27UBM
- Comparable upgraded Su-27UB two-seater.
- Su-27SM ("Flanker-E")
- [citation needed] Mid-life upgrade for the Russian Su-27 fleet. It includes new multi-function displays replacing analog flight instruments, improvements to the navigation system, a new fire-control system with slightly improved radar and electro-optical sighting system, and a more advanced mission computer. This allows for use of the radar in synthetic-aperture terrain mapping mode, as well as detection of maritime targets. Contrary to the basic Su-27 variants, the Su-27SM can use guided air-to-ground ordnance, including Kh-29 and Kh-31 missiles, and laser-guided bombs, as well as the R-77 air-to-air missile. The SPO-15 Beryoza is replaced by the Pastel radar warning receiver, and the Sorbtsiya wingtip jamming pods are replaced by the more modern Khibiny. 24 Su-27SMs also received slightly uprated engines.[69]
- Su-27SM2 ("Flanker-J")
- 4+ gen block upgrade for Russian Su-27, featuring some technology of the Su-35BM; it includes Irbis-E radar, and uprated engines and avionics.[citation needed]
- Su-27SM3 ("Flanker-J Mod")
- [98] Increased maximum takeoff weight (+3 tonnes), AL-31F-M1 engines, fully glass cockpit.[99]
- Su-27UB1M
- Ukrainian modernized version of the Su-27UB.[citation needed]
- Su-27S1M
- Ukrainian modernized version of the Su-27S.[citation needed]
- Su-27P1M
- Ukrainian modernized version of the Su-27P.[citation needed]
- Su-35BM/Su-35S ("Flanker-M")
- radar cross-section.
Operators
Current operators
- Angola
- People's Air and Air Defence Force of Angola – Seven Su-27s in service as of January 2013.[100] Three were bought from Belarus in 1998. Received a total of eight.[101] One was reportedly shot down on 19 November 2000 by a 9K34 Strela-3 MANPADS during the Angolan Civil War.[102]
- China
- People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) – 78 Su-27 delivered between 1990 and 2010. 32 Su-27UBK are in service as of 2022.[103]
- Eritrea
- Eritrean Air Force[104] ordered 2 during the Ethiopian-Eritrean War.[citation needed]
- Ethiopia
- Ethiopian Air Force – up to 17 Su-27S, Su-27P, Su-27UB sourced second–hand from Russia in two different batches: 9 starting from 1998 and 8 starting from 2002.[105] Some crashed over the years.[106]
- Indonesia
- Indonesian Air Force (TNI - AU or Tentara Nasional Indonesia - Angkatan Udara) – two Su-27SK and three Su-27SKM fighters in service.[95]
- Kazakhstan
- Military of Kazakhstan – 20 Su-27/Su-27BM2, 3 Su-27UB/UBM2[citation needed]
- Russia
- Russian Aerospace Forces – 101 Su-27s in service as of 2021.[107][page needed] 359 Su-27 aircraft, including 225 Su-27s, 70 Su-27SMs, 12 Su-27SM3s, and 52 Su-27UBs were in service as of January 2014.[108] A modernization program began in 2004.[109][110][111] Half of the Su-27 fleet had reportedly been modernized in 2012.[112] The Russian Aerospace Forces were receiving aircraft modernized to the SM3 standard as of 2018.[113][114][115][116]
- 4th Air and Air Defence Forces Army
- 159th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment, 6th Air and Air Defence Forces Army
- Russian Navy – 53 Su-27s in use as of January 2014[108]
- Ukraine
- Ukrainian Air Force – 70 Su-27s in inventory.[117] It had 34 Su-27s in service as of March 2019.[57]
- United States
- Two Su-27s were delivered to the U.S. in 1995 from Belarus.[118][119] Two more were bought from Ukraine in 2009 by a private company, Pride Aircraft to be used for aggressor training for U.S. pilots.[citation needed] They have been spotted operating over Area 51 for evaluation and training purposes.[120]
- Uzbekistan
- Military of Uzbekistan – 34 Su-27s in use as of January 2013[100]
- Vietnam
- Vietnam People's Air Force – 9 Su-27SKs and 3 Su-27UBKs in use as of January 2013[100]
Former operators
- Belarus
- Belarusian Air Force inherited 23-28 Su-27s from the former 61st Fighter Aviation Regiment of the Soviet Union.[118] They had 22 in service as of December 2010.[121] Nine Su-27s were sold to Angola in 1998. Belarus had operated 17 Su-27P and 4 Su-27UBM1 aircraft before their retirement in December 2012.[101][122][123]
- Soviet Union
- Soviet Air Force and Soviet Air Defence Forces[citation needed]. Passed to different successor nations in 1991.
Private ownership
According to the U.S.
On 30 August 2010, the Financial Times claimed that a Western private training support company ECA Program placed a US$1.5 billion order with Belarusian state arms dealer BelTechExport for 15 unarmed Su-27s (with an option on 18 more) to organize a dissimilar air combat training school in the former NATO airbase in Keflavik, Iceland, with deliveries due by the end of 2012.[126][127] A September 2010 media report by RIA Novosti, the state-owned news agency, questioned the existence of the agreement.[128] No further developments on such a plan have been reported by 2014, while a plan for upgrading and putting the retired Belarusian Air Force Su-27 fleet back to service was reported in February 2014.[129]
Notable accidents
- 9 September 1990: A Soviet Su-27 crashed at the Salgareda airshow in 1990 after pulling a loop at too low an altitude. The Lithuanian pilot, Rimantas Stankevičius, and a spectator were killed.[130][131]
- 12 December 1995: Two Su-27s and an Su-27UB of the Russian Knights flight demonstration team crashed into terrain outside of Cam Ranh, Vietnam, killing four team pilots. Six Su-27s and an Ilyushin Il-76 support aircraft were returning from Langkawi International Maritime and Aerospace Exhibition. The aircraft were flying in echelons right and left of the Il-76 on their way to Cam Ranh for refueling. During the landing approach, the Il-76 passed too close to the terrain and the three right-echelon Su-27s crashed. The other aircraft landed safely at Cam Ranh. The cause was controlled flight into terrain; contributing factors were pilot error, mountainous terrain and poor weather.[132]
- 27 July 2002: A crashed while performing an aerobatics presentation, killing 77 spectators in what is now considered the deadliest air show disaster in history. Both pilots ejected and suffered only minor injuries.[133]
- 15 September 2005: Russian fighter Su-27 crashed near the city of Kaunas, Lithuania. The pilot ejected and wasn't hurt. Investigation concluded, that main cause for crash was pilot's incompetence.[134]
- 16 August 2009: While practicing for the 2009 Zhukovsky Airfield, south-east of Moscow, killing the Knights' leader, Igor Tkachenko. One of the jets crashed into a house and started a fire.[135] A probe into the crash was launched; according to the Russian Defense Ministry the accident may have been caused by a "flying skill error".[135]
- 30 August 2009: A Belarusian Su-27UBM (Number black 63) crashed while performing at the Radom Air Show.[136]
- 14 March 2023: A Russian Su-27 flew near a propellor which caused the USAF operator to ditch the UAV into the sea.[137]
Aircraft on display
- 36911031003 – Su-27PD on static display at the Central Armed Forces Museum in Moscow.[138][139]
- 96310408027 – Su-27UB on static display at the National Museum of the United States Air Force in Dayton, Ohio.[140][141]
Specifications (Su-27SK)
Data from [142] Sukhoi,[143] KnAAPO,[144] Deagel.com,[145] Airforce-Technology.com[146]
General characteristics
- Crew: 1
- Length: 21.9 m (71 ft 10 in)
- Wingspan: 14.7 m (48 ft 3 in)
- Height: 5.92 m (19 ft 5 in)
- Wing area: 62 m2 (670 sq ft)
- Empty weight: 16,380 kg (36,112 lb)
- Gross weight: 23,430 kg (51,654 lb)
- Max takeoff weight: 30,450 kg (67,131 lb)
- Fuel capacity: 9,400 kg (20,723.5 lb) internal[143]
- Powerplant: 2 × afterburning turbofanengines, 75.22 kN (16,910 lbf) thrust each dry, 122.6 kN (27,600 lbf) with afterburner
Performance
- Maximum speed: 2,500 km/h (1,600 mph, 1,300 kn) / M2.35 at altitude
- 1,400 km/h (870 mph; 760 kn) / M1.13 at sea level
- Range: 3,530 km (2,190 mi, 1,910 nmi) At altitude
- 1,340 km (830 mi; 720 nmi) at sea level
- Service ceiling: 19,000 m (62,000 ft)
- g limits: +9
- Rate of climb: 300 m/s (59,000 ft/min) [147]
- Wing loading: 377.9 kg/m2 (77.4 lb/sq ft) With 56% fuel
- 444.61 kg/m2 (91.1 lb/sq ft)
- Thrust/weight: 1.07 with 56% internal fuel; 0.91 with full fuel
Armament
- Guns: 1 × 30 mm Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-30-1 autocannon with 150 rounds
- Hardpoints: 10 external pylons[143] with a capacity of up to 4,430 kg (9,770 lb)[143], with provisions to carry combinations of:
- Rockets:
- Missiles:
- 6 × R-27R/ER/T/ET/P/EP air-to-air missiles
- 6 × R-73E AAMs
- 4 x AGM-88 HARM anti-radiation missile (Ukrainian AF)[148]
- Bombs:
- FAB-500 general purpose bomb
- RBK-250 cluster bomb
- RBK-500 cluster bomb
- JDAM-ER Guided bomb (Ukrainian AF)[148]
- Rockets:
Avionics
- N001E radar
- Phazotron Zhuk-MSFE radar
- Irbis-E passive electronically scanned array radar for Su-27SM2/SM3
- electro-optical targeting system
- SPO-150 Radar Warning Receiver
- OEPS-27 IRST[149]
- Shchel-3UM Helmet-mounted display system
Notable appearances in media
See also
Related development
- Sukhoi Su-30
- Sukhoi Su-33
- Sukhoi Su-34
- Sukhoi Su-35
- Sukhoi Su-37
- Shenyang J-11
- Shenyang J-15
- Shenyang J-16
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
Related lists
References
- References
- ISBN 978-1-4387-4019-5.
- ^ Kopp, Dr. Carlo (May 1990). "Fulcrum and Flanker: The New Look in Soviet Air Superiority". Australian Aviation. 1990 (May). Archived from the original on 18 January 2015. Retrieved 5 March 2015 – via Air Power Australia.
- ^ ISBN 0-7603-0893-4.
- ^ Hillebrand, Niels. "Aircraft - Sukhoi Su-27 Flanker Historical Events & Key Dates". Milavia. Archived from the original on 9 August 2011. Retrieved 8 July 2011.
- ^ "Prototype of Su-27 and whole Flanker family – T-10 Flanker A". SU-27 Flanker.com. Archived from the original on 17 August 2015. Retrieved 6 August 2015.
- ^ "Prototype of Su-27 and whole Flanker family – T-10 Flanker A". Su-27 Flanker.com. Archived from the original on 14 March 2015. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
- ^ Kopp, Dr. Carlo (7 January 2007). "Sukhoi Flankers: The Shifting Balance of Regional Air Power (Technical Report APA-TR-2007-0101)". Air Power Australia: 1. Archived from the original on 26 December 2007. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
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{{cite news}}
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External links
- Media related to Sukhoi Su-27 at Wikimedia Commons
- Official Sukhoi Su-27SK webpage at Sukhoi and KnAAPO
- Official Sukhoi Su-27UBK webpage at Sukhoi
- Official Sukhoi Su-27SKM webpage at KnAAPO
- Zacharz, Michel (2005). "Sukhoi Su-27 "Flanker" / Sukhoi Su-27SKM". Zacharz.com.
- Kopp, Carlo (7 January 2007). "Sukhoi Flankers: The Shifting Balance of Regional Air Power". Air Power Australia: 1.
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- "Su-27UBs in the United States". Pride Aircraft. 2009. Archived from the original on 24 November 2009.