S band

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IEEE S band
Frequency range
2 – 4
cm
Related bands
Radio bands
ITU
1 (ELF) 2 (SLF) 3 (ULF) 4 (VLF)
5 (LF) 6 (MF) 7 (HF) 8 (VHF)
9 (UHF) 10 (SHF) 11 (EHF) 12 (THF)
EU / NATO / US ECM
IEEE
Other TV and radio

The S band is a designation by the

IRNSS) broadcasts on 2.483778 to 2.500278 GHz.[1]

WiFi

The largest use of this band is by

WiFi networks; the IEEE 802.11b and 802.11g standards use the 2.4 GHz section of the S band. These are the most widely used computer networks in the world, used globally in home and small office networks to link desktop and laptop computers, tablet computers, smartphones, smart TVs, printers, and smart speakers together and to a wireless router to connect them to the Internet, and in wireless access points
in public places like coffee shops, hotels, libraries and airports to provide the public Internet access for mobile devices.

Mobile Services

Mobile Services are operated in the 2.3 GHz to 2.6 GHz range, specifically between the 2300 - 2400 MHz band and the 2500 - 2690 MHz band. Spectrum in the 3.55 - 3.7 GHz band has been auctioned off in the United States to be used for

CBRS services and spectrum between 3.45 - 3.55 GHz and 3.7 - 3.98 GHz has been auctioned off by the FCC for 5G although this spectrum is referred to as C Band
by the agency.

Satellite communications

S-band tracking antenna at Kennedy Space Center
S-band LNB with written local oscillator frequency.

In the United States, the

TerreStar
(defunct).

The 2.6 GHz range is used for

mobile TV standard which, as with proprietary systems in the United States, is incompatible with the open standards
used in the rest of the world.

In May 2009,

Eutelsat and SES (EchoStar Mobile)) were each awarded a 2×15 MHz portion of the S band by the European Commission.[3] The two companies are allowed two years to start providing pan-European MSS services for 18 years. Allocated frequencies are 1.98 to 2.01 GHz for Earth to space communications, and from 2.17 to 2.2 GHz for space to Earth communications.[4] The Eutelsat W2A
satellite was launched in April 2009 and is located at 10° East.

In

Direct-to-Home satellite television (unlike similar services in most countries, which use Ku band
). The frequency typically allocated for this service is 2.5 to 2.7 GHz (LOF 1.570 GHz).

IndoStar-1 was the world's first commercial communications satellite to use S-band frequencies for broadcast, which efficiently penetrate the atmosphere and provide high-quality transmissions to small-diameter 80 cm antennas in regions that experience heavy rainfall such as Indonesia. Similar performance is not economically feasible with comparable Ku- or C-band DTH satellite systems since more power is required in these bands to penetrate the moist atmosphere.

Deep space communications

Many NASA spacecraft (near Earth and interplanetary) can communicate in the S-band, often using the

Deep Space Network
, eg. The
L2 point
.

Other uses

Main article: Citizens Broadband Radio Service

Microwave ovens operate at 2495 or 2450 MHz in the ISM band IEEE 802.16a. Some digital cordless telephones operate in this band too. 802.16e standards use a part of the frequency range of S band; under WiMAX standards. Most vendors are manufacturing equipment in the range of 3.5 GHz. The exact frequency range allocated for this type of use varies between countries.

In North America, 2.4–2.483 GHz is an

wireless headphones, and video senders, among other consumer electronics uses, including Bluetooth
which operates between 2.402 GHz and 2.480 GHz.

amateur satellite operators have two S-band allocations, 13 cm (2.4 GHz) and 9 cm (3.4 GHz). Amateur television
repeaters also operate in these bands.

Airport surveillance radars typically operate in the 2700–2900 MHz range.

Particle accelerators may be powered by S-band RF sources. The frequencies are then standardized at 2.998 GHz corresponding to a wavelength of 100 mm (Europe) or 2.856 GHz (US).[6]

The National NEXRAD Radar network operates with S-band frequencies. Before implementation of this system, C-band frequencies were commonly used for weather surveillance.

In the United States, the 3.55 to 3.7 GHz band is becoming shared spectrum under rules adopted by the Federal Communications Commission in April 2015 as a result of the National Broadband Plan (United States). The biggest user of CBRS (Citizens Broadband Radio Service) spectrum is the United States Navy.[7][8] Cable companies are planning to use the band for wireless broadband in rural areas, with Charter Communications beginning tests of the service in January 2018.[9]

The band is also used as a transmit intermediate frequency in satellite communications as a replacement for L band where a single/shared coaxial connection is used between the modem/IDU and antenna/ODU for both the transmit and receive signals. This is to prevent interference between the transmit and receive signals which would otherwise not occur on a dual coaxial setup where the transmit and receive signals are separate and both can use the whole L-band frequency range. In a single coaxial connection using S-Band to "frequency shift" the transmit signal away from L band, a multiplier such as 10, is usually applied to form the SHF frequency. For example, the modem would transmit at 2.815 GHz IF (S Band) to the ODU and then the ODU up-converts this signal to 28.15 GHz SHF (Ka Band) towards the satellite.[10][11]

Optical communications

S band is also used in

optical communications to refer to the wavelength range 1460 nm to 1530 nm.[citation needed
]

See also

References

  1. Indian Space Research Organization. August 2017. Archived from the original
    (PDF) on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 8 February 2019.
  2. ^ "Today in Radio History (January 12)". Radio World. 26 January 2015. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
  3. Europa.eu
    . 14 May 2009. Retrieved 1 April 2018.
  4. European Communications Office. Archived from the original
    (PDF) on 30 June 2017. Retrieved 1 April 2018.
  5. ^ "JWST Communications Subsystem - JWST User Documentation".
  6. ^ Kim, Yujong (2012). "Performance Comparison of S-band, C-band, and X-band RF Linac based XFELs" (PDF). Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility.
  7. ^ Baumgartner, Jeff (23 October 2017). "CBRS Spectrum Could Open Windows of Opportunity for Cable Ops". Broadcasting & Cable: 18.
  8. ^ Brown, Bob (14 March 2017). "FAQ: What in the wireless world is CBRS?". Network World. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
  9. ^ Baumgartner, Jeff (5 February 2018). "Charter Puts Wireless Broadband to the Test". Broadcasting & Cable: 22.
  10. ^ "Datasheet for Newtec MDM2210 Terminal with S-Band Transmit Frequency" (PDF). Newtec. May 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 August 2018.
  11. ^ "Full Manual for Tooway™ Satellite Terminal with S-Band Transmit Frequency" (PDF). Tooway. October 2009. p. 28.

External links

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