Saadat Hasan Manto
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Saadat Hasan Manto (
Writing mainly in
Manto was tried for obscenity six times; thrice before 1947 in
Biography
Early life
Saadat Hassan Manto was born in Paproudi village of
Education and early career
He received his early education at a Muslim High School at Amritsar where he twice failed his matriculation examination.[16] In 1931 he took admission at the Hindu Sabha College but dropped out after first year due to poor results.[17]
The big turning point in his life came in 1933, at age 21, when he met Abdul Bari Alig, a scholar and polemic writer who encouraged him to find his true talents and read Russian and French authors.[18] Bari also encouraged Manto to translate Victor Hugo's The Last Day of a Condemned Man into Urdu which was later published by Urdu Book Stall, Lahore as Sarguzasht-e-Aseer (A Prisoner's Story).[19] He then translated Oscar Wilde’s Vera into Urdu in 1934.[20] He published his first original story in Urdu, Tamasha (Spectacle) under a pseudonym in Abdul Bari Alig's Urdu newspaper Khalq (Creation). It was based on the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.[21] During this period he contributed to the daily newspaper Musawat, (Equality) and Ehsan (Kindness), both published from Amritsar.[21] He also edited and translated Russian and French stories for the journals Alamgir and Humayun.[22][23] On Bari's encouragement these Russian stories were then published in Lahore under the title, Rusi Afsanay (Russian Stories). The collection included stories from Tolstoy, Gorky and Chekhov and two of Manto's original stories, Tamasha (Spectacle) and Mahigir (Fisherman).[23]
This heightened enthusiasm pushed Manto to pursue graduation at
After a brief stay in Amritsar, Manto moved to Lahore in search of employment and joined the newspaper Paras (Philosopher's Stone). In 1936, at Lahore, he published his first collection of original short stories Atish Paray (Nuggets of Fire).[27]
In late 1936, he moved to
Career in Bombay (1937-1941)
In Bombay, Manto started his work as an editor of Mussawir along with Nazir Ludhianvi and the magazine Samaj (Society). He also started to write dialogues and scripts for the
In 1940 he published his second collection of short stories Manto Ke Afsanay (Stories of Manto) from Lahore.[31]
In August 1940 he was dismissed from the editorship of Musawwir and started working for another magazine called Karwan (Caravan) at a lower salary. Dissatisfied in his work, he applied to Krishan Chander for a job with All India Radio in Delhi. Subsequently he moved to Delhi in January 1941 and accepted the job of writing for Urdu Service of All India Radio.[32]
In Delhi (1941-1942)
Manto joined All India Radio in early 1941 and became acquainted with many writers working there such as
This proved to be his most productive period as in the next eighteen months he published over four collections of radio plays, Aao (Come), Manto ke Drame (Manto's Dramas), Janaze (Funerals) and Teen Auraten (Three women). He continued to write short stories and his next short story collection
Return to Bombay (1942-1948)
Manto returned to Bombay in July 1942 and rejoined as the editor of Musawwir. During this time, he associated with his Aligarh friend Shaheed Latif and his wife Ismat Chughtai. In 1932, on Latif's invitation he joined the Filmistan studio.[32] Here he also formed friendship with Ashok Kumar[35] and entered his best phase in screenwriting giving films like Aatth Din, Chal Chal Re Naujawan and Mirza Ghalib, which was finally released in 1954.[29][36] He also wrote Shikari. Some of his short stories also came from this phase including Kaali Shalwar (1941), Dhuan (1941) and Bu (1945), which was published in Qaumi Jang (Bombay) in February 1945. Another highlight of his second phase in Bombay was the publication of a collection of his stories, Chugad, which also included the story 'Babu Gopinath'.[37] Dissatisfied with the people at Filmistan, he joined the Bombay Talkies in 1947, after the partition of India.[38]
Migration to Pakistan
As a resident of Bombay, Manto had intended to stay in India after
Life in Lahore
When Manto arrived in Lahore from Bombay, he associated with several intellectuals at Lahore's
Death
Manto had suffered public trials for writing obscene literature in the newly created and increasingly Islamized Pakistan. Sessions Judge Munir presided over Manto's last trial in Lahore and he is the infamous judge who later became Justice Munir, Chief Justice of Pakistan Supreme Court and who invented the Doctrine of Necessity alias Nazria e Zaroorat in later years to buttress martial law in Pakistan. In this trial in Lahore against Manto, Faiz Ahmad Faiz, M.D. Taseer and many literary celebrities testified in favor of Manto. Manto's trial ended with a warning from Sessions Judge Munir that he was being let off easy with just a fine but would be sent to jail for many years if he did not stop writing his provocative short stories. So, Manto could not write his novel and cutting edge short stories.[47] Manto sank into depression. He tried to alleviate his depression with alcohol and this started affecting his liver and led to cirrhosis of liver with him vomiting blood. His wife and relatives tried admitting him into Lahore Mental Asylum on Jail Road, Lahore which was the rehab clinic for alcoholics at that time. This treatment did not work. Manto returned to Lakshami Mansions, Beadon Road near Mall Road. Soon he had become increasingly alcoholic, which eventually led to cirrhosis of the liver. He died on 18 January 1955, at Lakshami Mansions, Lahore. His death was attributed to the effects of alcoholism.[48]
Manto is buried in Miani Saheb graveyard in Lahore. In 1954 he composed his own epitaph:[49]
Here lies Saadat Hasan Manto. With him lie buried all the arts and mysteries of short story writing . . . Under tons of earth he lies, wondering who of the two is the greater short story writer: God or he.
However, on the insistence of his family it was replaced by an alternative epitaph on his grave, which was also authored by him, inspired by a couplet from Ghalib:[49]
This is the grave of Saadat Hasan Manto, who still thinks his name was not the repeated word on the tablet of time.”
Personal life
On 26 April 1939, Manto married Safia Begum.[50] Their first child Arif died at a young age in April 1941 in Delhi.[50] Later they had three daughters Nighat Manto, Nuzhat Manto and Nusrat Manto. His daughter Nighat Bashir still lives at Lakshami Mansions, Beadon Road where Manto breathed his last.[51]
Writings
Manto chronicled the chaos that prevailed, during and after the Partition of India in 1947.
"A writer picks up his pen only when his sensibility is hurt."[52]
-- Manto to a court judge
His final works, which grew from the social climate and his own financial struggles, reflected an innate sense of human impotency towards darkness and contained satire that verged on dark comedy, as seen in his final work, Toba Tek Singh.[56] It not only showed the influence of his own demons, but also that of the collective madness that he saw in the ensuing decade of his life. To add to it, his numerous court cases and societal rebukes deepened his cynical view of society, from which he felt isolated.[57] No part of human existence remained untouched or taboo for him, he sincerely brought out stories of prostitutes and pimps alike, just as he highlighted the subversive sexual slavery of the women of his times.[58] To many contemporary women writers, his language portrayed reality and provided them with the dignity they long deserved.[59] He is still known for his scathing insight into human behaviour as well as revelation of the macabre animalistic nature of the enraged people, that stands out amidst the brevity of his prose.[52]
"We’ve been hearing this for some time now — Save India from this, save it from that. The fact is that India needs to be saved from the people who say it should be saved.[60]
-- Manto
At least one commentator compares Saadat Hasan Manto to D. H. Lawrence, partly because he wrote about taboos of Indo-Pakistani Society.[61] His concerns on the socio-political issues, from local to global are revealed in his series, Letters to Uncle Sam, and those to Pandit Nehru.[52] On his writing he often commented, "If you find my stories dirty, the society you are living in is dirty. With my stories, I only expose the truth".[62]
Controversies
Conservative critique: charge for obscenity
Manto faced trial for obscenity in his writings, three times in British India before 1947 (‘Dhuan’, ‘Bu’ and ‘Kali Shalwar’) and three times in Pakistan after 1947 (‘Khol Do’, ‘Thanda Gosht’ and ‘Upar Neeche Darmiyaan’) under section 292 of the Indian Penal Code (by the British Government) and the Pakistan Penal Code in Pakistan's early years.[63] He was fined only in one case. Regarding the charges of obscenity he opined, "I am not a pornographer but a story writer".[64]
Progressive critique: migration to Pakistan
While the conservative or right-wing section of the society criticised him on moral grounds, the progressives or Marxists and leftists criticised him for ideological reasons, namely for his migration to Pakistan and embrace of Pakistani nationalism, Manto then being championed by traditional minded literary critics such as Hasan Askari and Mumtaz Shirin.[65]
Legacy
Manto was a writer whose life story became a subject of intense discussion and introspection.[66] During the last two decades, many stage productions were done to present his character in conflict with the harsh socio-economic realities of the post-partition era. Danish Iqbal's stage Play Ek Kutte Ki Kahani presented Manto in a new perspective on occasion of his birth centenary.
On 18 January 2005, the fiftieth anniversary of his death, Manto was commemorated on a Pakistani postage stamp.[18] On 14 August 2012 which is Pakistan's Independence Day, Saadat Hasan Manto was posthumously awarded the Nishan-e-Imtiaz award (Distinguished Service to Pakistan Award) by the Government of Pakistan.[67]
In 2015, Pakistani actor and director Sarmad Khoosat made and released a movie, Manto, based on the life of Manto.[68] In 2018, the British Broadcasting Corporation named the work Toba Tek Singh among the 100 stories that shaped the world, alongside works by authors like Homer and Virginia Woolf.[69]
The 2018 film
On 11 May 2020, Google celebrated his 108th birthday with a Google Doodle.[71]
Bibliography
- Rusi Afsanay (Russian Stories) - translated collection of Russian short stories
- Atish Paray (Nuggets of Fire) – 1936 آتش پارے - short stories collection
- Manto Ke Afsanay (Stories of Manto) – 1940 منٹو کے افسانے - short stories collection
- Aao (Come) - 1940 - radio play collection
- Dhuan(Smoke) – 1941 دُھواں - short stories collection
- Janaze (Funerals) - 1942 - radio play collection
- Teen Auraten (Three women) - 1942 - radio play collection
- Afsane Aur Dramay (Fiction and Drama) – 1943 افسانے اور ڈرامے - collection of stories and radio plays
- Manto ke Drame (Manto's Dramas) - radio play collection
- Chugad (Blind Fool)– چُغد - short stories collection
- Khol Do (Open It) – 1948 کھول دو
- Lazzat-e-Sang – 1948 (The Taste of Rock) لذتِ سنگ
- Siyah Hashiye – 1948 (Black Borders) سیاہ حاشیہ
- Badshahat Ka Khatimah (The End of Kingship) – 1950 بادشاہت کا خاتمہ
- Khali Botlein (Empty Bottles) – 1950 خالی بوتلیں
- Loud Speaker (Sketches) لاؤڈ سپیکر
- Ganjey Farishtey (Sketches) گنجے فرشتے
- Manto ke Mazameen منٹو کے مضا مین
- Nimrud Ki Khudai (Nimrod The God) – 1950 نمرود کی خُدائی
- Thanda Gosht (Cold Meat) – 1950 ٹھنڈا گوشت
- Yazid – 1951 یزید
- Pardey Ke Peechhey (Behind The Curtains) – 1953 پردے کے پیچھے
- Sarak Ke Kinarey (By the Roadside) – 1953 سڑک کے کنارے
- Baghair Unwan Ke (Without a Title) – 1954 بغیر عنوان کے
- Baghair Ijazit (Without Permission) – 1955 بغیر اجازت
- Toba Tek Singh – 1955 ٹوبہ ٹیک سنگھ
- Burquey – 1955 بُرقعے
- Phunduney (Tassles) – 1955 پھندنے
- Sarkandon Ke Peechhey (Behind The Reeds) – 1955 سرکنڈوں کے پیچھے
- Shaiytan (Satan) – 1955 شیطان
- Shikari Auratein (Hunter Women) – 1955 شکاری عورتیں
- Ratti, Masha, Tolah – 1956 رتی ماشہ تولہ
- Kaali Shalwar (Black Pants) – 1961 کالی شلوار
- Manto Ki Behtareen Kahanian (Best Stories of Manto) – 1963 منٹو کی بہترین کہانیاں
- Tahira Se Tahir (From Tahira to Tahir) – 1971 طاہرہ سے طاہر
- Mottled Dawn: Fifty Sketches and Stories of Partition - 1997
References
- ISBN 978-1400846689.
- ^ "A writer of fierce candour". The Economist. 14 May 2012.
- ^ "So What Do We Do About Manto, Who Was Neither Indian Nor Pakistani?". The Wire.
- ^ "Dareechah-e-Nigaarish - Saadat Hasan Manto (1912-1955)". Dareechah.com. Retrieved 19 September 2018.
- ^ "Saadat Hasan Manto". Penguin Books India. Archived from the original on 30 March 2016.
- ^ "The Storyteller: Saadat Hasan Manto (May 11, 1912 - January 18, 1955". Dawn. 6 May 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
- ^ a b Manzoor, Sarfraz (11 June 2016). "Saadat Hasan Manto: 'He anticipated where Pakistan would go'". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
The partition was brutal and bloody, and to Saadat Hasan Manto, a Muslim journalist, short-story author and Indian film screenwriter living in Bombay, it appeared maddeningly senseless. Manto was already an established writer before August 1947, but the stories he would go on to write about partition would come to cement his reputation. ... Manto had been implacably opposed to partition and had refused to go to the newly formed Pakistan.
- ^ Mehta, Suketu (8 May 2014). "Pearls of Regret". The New York Times. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
- ^ "Manto's work".
- ^ "Saadat Hasan Manto's 104th birth anniversary: Facts about the best short-story writer in South Asia". India Today. 11 May 2016. Retrieved 14 September 2018.
- ^ Thakur, Tanul (21 September 2018). "'Manto' Is an Unflinching Account of a Man's Descent Into Paranoia". The Wire. Retrieved 14 January 2019.
- ^ Jalal 2013a, p. 29.
- ^ Jalal 2013a, pp. 29, 30.
- ISBN 9788184003611.
He claimed allegiance not only to his native Punjab but also to his ancestors' home in Kashmir. While raised speaking Punjabi, he was also proud of the remnants of Kashmiri culture that his family maintained-food customs, as well as intermarriage with families of Kashmiri origin-and throughout his life he assigned special importance to others who had Kashmiri roots. In a tongue-in-cheek letter addressed to Pundit Jawaharlal Nehru, he went so far as to suggest that being beautiful was the second meaning of being Kashmiri
- ISBN 9788184003901.
By virtue of his disposition, temperament, features and his spirit, Manto remains a Kashmiri Pandit.
- ^ Flemming 1985, pp. 3, 4.
- ^ Flemming 1985, p. 4.
- ^ a b "Saadat Hasan Manto (1912-1955) Men of Letters". Pakistan Post. Archived from the original on 25 December 2017.
- ^ Flemming 1985, pp. 4, 5.
- ^ Flemming 1985, p. 5.
- ^ a b Flemming 1985, p. 6.
- ^ Jalil 2014, p. 310.
- ^ a b Flemming 1985, p. 36.
- ^ Flemming 1985, pp. 6, 7.
- ^ Jalal 2013a, p. 50.
- ^ Flemming 1985, p. 7.
- ^ a b Flemming 1985, pp. 7, 8.
- ^ Flemming 1985, pp. 8, 9.
- ^ a b Hashmi 2012, p. 12.
- ^ a b Flemming 1985, p. 10.
- ^ Flemming 1985, p. 41.
- ^ a b c Flemming 1985, p. 11.
- ^ Flemming 1985, p. 13.
- ^ Flemming 1985, p. 14.
- ^ Flemming 1985, p. 15.
- ^ "Saadat Hasan Manto and Bollywood: From writing a National Award-winning film to playing a cameo in an Ashok Kumar movie". 11 May 2022.
- ^ a b Dutt, Sharad (10 May 2005). "बैरिस्टर के बेटे से लेखक होने तक" (in Hindi). BBC Hindi. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
- ^ a b Flemming 1985, p. 16.
- ^ Flemming 1985, p. 17.
- ^ Manto, Saadat Hasan. Ganjay Farishtay. p. 190. Retrieved 4 September 2015.
- ^ Hussain, Abid (19 March 2015). "Not everyone's cup of tea". The Herald. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
- ^ Das, Nandita (7 April 2015). "Lahore's charm is distinct: Nandita Das falls in love with the walled city". Dawn. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
- ^ Damohi, Usman. Karachi - Tareekh ke aayiney meain.
- ^ Balouch, Akhtar (14 December 2013). "Manto's Lakshmi". Dawn. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
- ^ Mohsin, Jugnu. "Migration and the Manto Family". WatchNa. YouTube. Archived from the original on 22 December 2021. Retrieved 15 September 2021.
- ^ Das, Nandita (6 April 2015). "Lahore diary - If you haven't seen Lahore, you haven't even been born". Scroll. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
- ^ https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/cross_fac/iatl/study/ugmodules/ugmodules/censorship/teachingandreadingmaterials/manto_previous_resources.pptx
- ^ Farooq, Mohammad (18 January 2018). "Saadat Hasan Manto, the family man". Live Mint. Retrieved 27 December 2018.
- ^ a b Jalal 2013a, p. 210.
- ^ a b Jalal 2013a, p. 108.
- ^ Rehman, Noor Ur (14 August 2018). "Lakshmi Mansion: Now A Decrepit Void". Charcoal and gravel. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
- ^ a b c d "Social and Political World-View of Saadat Hasan Manto". Kashmir Sentinel. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
- ^ a b Chatterjee, Aparna. "Saadat Hasan Manto: A Profile". Boloji.com. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017.
- ^ Bhalla, Alok (1997). Life and works of Saadat Hasan Manto. Indian Institute of Advanced Study. p. 113.
One can, however, assert that the finest short/ stories about the period were written by Saadat Hasan Manto. For him the partition was an overwhelming tragedy.
- ^ "A short story by Sadat Hasan Manto: A Biographical Sketch". Mahfil. 1 (1): 12. 1963. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
- ^ "Manto's undivided people & divided us". The Tribune. 6 September 2015. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
- ^ "Some Closing Thoughts on Saadat Hasan Manto's Centenary". Pak Tea House. 19 December 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
- ISBN 978-0143102175. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
- ^ Shani, Sufia (10 May 2005). "औरत को इंसान के रुप में पेश किया" (in Hindi). BBC Hindi. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
- ^ "Manto's Anna Hazare moment: Who will save India?". Firstpost. 28 February 2013. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
- ^ Shani, Sufia (10 May 2005). "प्रामाणिक रुप से लिखने वाला क्रांतिकारी कथाकार" (in Hindi). BBC Hindi. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
- ^ Manto, Saadat Hasan (10 May 2005). "मैं क्या लिखता हूँ?" (in Hindi). BBC Hindi. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
- ^ Tariq, Bashir (20 March 2015). "Sentence First – Verdict Afterwards". The Friday Times. Retrieved 20 February 2017.
- ISBN 978-1400846689.
- ^ Parekh, Rauf (4 March 2008). "Mumtaz Shirin & movement for Pakistani literature". Dawn News. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
- ^ "Tributes paid to Manto". Dawn. 11 May 2012. Retrieved 19 January 2016.
- ^ "Abida Parveen, Aleem Dar among winners Posthumous awards for Manto, Mehdi Hassan". Dawn. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 12 August 2015.
- ^ Jalil, Xari (8 September 2015). "Behind the scenes: How Manto, the movie, came about". Dawn. Retrieved 19 January 2016.
- ^ "The 100 stories that shaped the world". BBC Culture. 22 May 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
- ^ "Look who's playing Nawazuddin Siddiqui's friend in Manto". DNA. 25 February 2017. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
- ^ "Saadat Hasan Manto's 108th Birthday". Google. 11 May 2020.
Cited sources
- Flemming, Leslie A. (1985). Another Lonely Voice: The Life and Works of Saadat Hassan Manto. Vanguard Books.
- Hashmi, Ali Madeeh (2012). "Manto: A Psychological Portrait". Social Scientist. 40 (11/12): 5–15. JSTOR 23338866.
- Jalil, Rakhshanda (2014). Liking Progress, Loving Change: A Literary History of the Progressive Writers' Movement in Urdu. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-809673-3.
- Jalal, Ayesha (2013a). The Pity of Partition: Manto's Life, Times, and Work across the India-Pakistan Divide. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-4668-9.
Further reading
- Manto Naama, by Jagdish Chander Wadhawan.1998, Roli Books.
- Sadaat hassan aur manto by Hamza Safdar 2020
- Manto Naama: The Life of Saadat Hasan Manto, English translation of the above by Jai Ratan, 1998, Roli Books.
- Life and Works of Saadat Hasan Manto, by Alok Bhalla. 1997, Indian Institute of Advanced Study. ISBN 81-85952-48-5.
- The Life and Works of Saadat Hasan Manto. Introduction by Leslie Flemming; trans. by Tahira Naqvi. Lahore, Pakistan: Vanguard Books Ltd., 1985.
- Another Lonely Voice: The Urdu Short Stories of Saadat Hasan Manto, by Leslie A. Flemming, Berkeley: Centre for South and South east Asian Studies. University of California. 1979.
- Memon, Muhammad Umar (1981). "Reviewed work: Another Lonely Voice: The Urdu Short Stories of Saadat Hasan Manto., Leslie A. Flemming". The Journal of Asian Studies. 40 (3): 627–629. JSTOR 2054591.
- Memon, Muhammad Umar (1981). "Reviewed work: Another Lonely Voice: The Urdu Short Stories of Saadat Hasan Manto., Leslie A. Flemming". The Journal of Asian Studies. 40 (3): 627–629.
- Madness and Partition: The Short Stories of Saadat Hasan Manto, Stephen Alter, Journal of Comparative Poetics, No. 14, Madness and Civilization/ al-Junun wa al-Hadarah (1994), pp. 91–100.
- Alter, Stephen; ﺃﻟﺘﺮ, ﺳﺘﻴﭭﻦ (1994). "Madness and Partition: The Short Stories of Saadat Hasan Manto / ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ : ﻗﺼﺺ ﺳﻌﺎﺩﺕ ﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﻨﺘﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻴﺮﺓ". Alif: Journal of Comparative Poetics (14): 91–100. JSTOR 521767.
- Alter, Stephen; ﺃﻟﺘﺮ, ﺳﺘﻴﭭﻦ (1994). "Madness and Partition: The Short Stories of Saadat Hasan Manto / ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ : ﻗﺼﺺ ﺳﻌﺎﺩﺕ ﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﻨﺘﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻴﺮﺓ". Alif: Journal of Comparative Poetics (14): 91–100.
- Bitter Fruit: The Very Best of Saadat Hassan Manto, edited and tr. by Khalid Hassan, Penguin, 2008.
- Naked Voices: Stories and Sketches by Manto, Ed. and tr. by Rakhshanda Jalil. Indian Ink & Roli Books, 2008.
- Stars from Another Sky: The Bombay Film World of the 1940s, tr. by Khalid Hasan. Penguin India, 2000.
- Manto: Selected Stories, tr. by Aatish Taseer. Vintage/Random House India, 2008. ISBN 81-84001-44-4.
- Pinglay-Plumber, Prachi (12 January 2015). "Manto Bridge : to Manto, Bombay was about its people". Outlook. 55 (1): 72–73. Retrieved 6 January 2016.
- Dozakhnama - A Novel: A biography of Manto and Ghalib and history of Indian culture combined into one by Rabisankar Bal, translated by Arunava Sinha. Random House India.
- Bal, Rabishankar (2 December 2012). Dozakhnama. India: Random House India. p. 544. ISBN 9788184003086.
- Bal, Rabishankar (2 December 2012). Dozakhnama. India: Random House India. p. 544.
External links
- Works by or about Saadat Hasan Manto at Internet Archive
- Works by Saadat Hasan Manto at Google Books
- Manto and his stories
- Saadat Hasan Manto at IMDb
- Toba Tek Singh. Translated by Frances W. Pritchett.
- Saadat Hasan Manto | Kavishala Sootradhar
- Bengali translation of Saadat Hasan Manto's tongue-in-cheek essay on himself from the Urdu
- Bengali translation of Saadat Hasan Manto's Urdu short story Shahid Saz (شہید ساز) by Subhamay Ray