Sablon, Brussels
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Municipality | City of Brussels |
Website | Official website |
The Sablon (French: [sa.blɔ̃]) or Zavel (Dutch: [ˈzaːvəl] ⓘ) is a neighbourhood and hill in the historic upper town of Brussels, Belgium. At its heart are twin squares: the larger Grand Sablon or Grote Zavel ("Large Sablon") square in the north-west and the smaller Petit Sablon or Kleine Zavel ("Small Sablon") square and garden in the south-east, divided by the Church of Our Blessed Lady of the Sablon. This area is served by Brussels-Chapel railway station and Brussels-Central railway station, as well as the tram stop Petit Sablon/Kleine Zavel (on lines 92 and 93).[1][2]
History
Early history
The Sablon lies near the Mont des Arts/Kunstberg neighbourhood, and lay not far outside the first walls of Brussels. It was originally an unused open space, with areas of wetlands, grassland and sand, where a hermit made his home. The words sablon in French and zavel in Dutch both mean a fine-grained sand, halfway between silt and sand.[3] Saint John's Hospital (French: Hôpital Saint-Jean, Dutch: Sint-Jansgasthuis) used the area as a cemetery in the 13th century, having run out of space in its own cemetery.[4]
In 1304, the
15th to 18th centuries
In the 15th century, the neighbourhood began to enlarge substantially. The chapel was rebuilt as the larger and more elegant
In the 16th century, Brussels' most prominent noblemen established themselves on the upper Sablon and on the Rue aux Laines. The
The proximity of the cemetery was already an irritation to its aristocratic neighbours in 1554, but it would be another century and a half before the government of Brussels recognised that the situation had become unbearable. They reported that corpses "were often neglected and left in only half-covered graves, from which dogs had several times pulled parts off and run around in broad daylight with arms and legs in their mouths".[7] It was therefore decided in 1704 to move the cemetery to the Marolles/Marollen district.[3]
19th century to present
The Sablon neighbourhood was remodelled in the 19th century as the Rue de la Régence/Regentschapstraat was driven through the area, creating a Haussmann-esque style artery between the Royal Palace of Brussels in the Royal Quarter and the new Palace of Justice in the Marolles. The new street skirted the church, and all buildings immediately adjacent to it were demolished starting in 1872, opening up new views of the church. On that occasion, buildings not directly adjacent to the church were renovated and improved.[8]
From the 19th to early 20th centuries, the Grand Sablon became a renowned site for a sport called jeu de balle or
The social composition of the neighbourhood changed over the course of time. In the 19th century, it was incrementally abandoned by the aristocracy in favour of newer, more chic neighbourhoods, such as the
Grand Sablon
History
The Square du Grand Sablon/Grote Zavelsquare lies to the north-west of the church. It is in the shape of a long triangle, around 50 m (160 ft) wide in the south-east, terminating in a point around 130 m (430 ft) to the north-west. When Brussels' residents mention the "Sablon" without qualification, they are usually referring to the Grand Sablon.[12] The Grand Sablon was linked to the Petit Sablon by the Rue Bodenbroek/Bodenbroekstraat and the Rue des Sablons/Zavelstraat, though the division between the two Sablons was accentuated by the Rue de la Régence/Regentschapstraat cutting through the area.[3]
In the 16th century, the Grand Sablon was known as the Peerdemerct (
The Grand Sablon was often the stage for festivals and competitions, but also for tragic events. On 1 June 1568, it was the site of a mass execution, as 18 signatories of the Compromise of Nobles were decapitated.[15]
Present day
The Grand Sablon is nowadays a genuine neighbourhood with residents and small businesses, while at the same time being a popular place to stroll and a tourist attraction. Surrounding the square are numerous antique stores, fashionable boutiques, hotels, restaurants, an auction house, and numerous pastry shops and well-known Belgian chocolatiers, including Neuhaus, Pierre Marcolini and Godiva. On Saturdays and Sundays, the Grand Sablon hosts the Sablon Antiques and Books Market.[3]
As is the case with many other public squares in Brussels, the Grand Sablon has been partially transformed into a parking lot. A plan to refurbish the space is being investigated.[citation needed]
Each year, the Sablon is the starting point for the Ommegang procession. On 20 November, it hosts the beginning of the Saint-Verhaegen/Sint-Verhaegen student parade (often shortened to St V), which celebrates the founding of the Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) and the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) universities.[16]
Petit Sablon
To the south-east of the church, and slightly uphill, lies the Square du Petit Sablon/Kleine Zavelsquare. It is a roughly rectangular garden, featuring trees, hedges, flowers and most notably, statues.
In the
The present-day garden was created by the architect Henri Beyaert, and was inaugurated in 1890. It is surrounded by an ornate wrought iron fence inspired by one that once decorated the Coudenberg Palace. The fence is punctuated by tall stone pillars; atop each pillar is a statue of one or more historical professions, with 48 statues in total. To ensure that the statues were stylistically coherent, Beyaert asked the painter Xavier Mellery to design all of them, though they were executed by different sculptors. Each pillar has a unique design, as does each section of fence.[18]
In the centre of the garden stands a fountain-sculpture by
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The Slater by Albert Desenfans
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The Clockmaker by Jean Cuypers
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The Plumber by Cuypers
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The Boilermaker by Jef Lambeaux
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The Bleacher (Launderer) by Lambeaux
See also
- Neoclassical architecture in Belgium
- History of Brussels
- Culture of Belgium
- Belgium in the long nineteenth century
References
Citations
- ^ "Line 92 to FORT-JACO - STIB Mobile". m.stib.be. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
- ^ "Line 93 to STADE - STIB Mobile". m.stib.be. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Le Sablon" (in French). City of Brussels. Archived from the original on 21 April 2014. Retrieved 20 April 2014.
- ^ Brussels-Capital Region, 1995, p. 3
- ^ "Palais de Justice" (in French). Belgian federal building registry. 29 September 2009. Archived from the original on 24 February 2011. Retrieved 12 August 2009.
- ^ ISBN 9789089644138.
- ^ (in French) « ...estoient souvent négligés et mis dans les fosses à moitié couverts, dont les chiens avoient plusieurs fois tiré des pièces et couru en plein jour avec les bras et les jambes... » Alexandre Henne and Alphonse Wauters, Histoire de la ville de Bruxelles, Éditions Libro-Sciences, 1968, Tome 3, p. 401
- ^ Mardaga 1994, p. 274.
- ^ (in French) Jacques Dubreucq, Bruxelles 1000. Une histoire capitale, Edited by the author, 1996, Volume 1, p. 258
- ^ (in French) Itinéraire de la rénovation des quartiers anciens à Bruxelles : 8 km à pied à travers le Pentagone et Molenbeek (in French), Collection Hommes et Paysages, Société Royale Belge de Géographie, 2001, p. 63
- ^ "De week van tvbrussel vanuit het Museum van de Stad Brussel" (in Dutch). TV Brussel. 23 August 2014. Retrieved 18 September 2014.
- ^ D'Osta 1986, p. 293.
- ^ Jacobs 1994, p. 78.
- ^ (in French) La fontaine de Minerve coule à nouveau, Le Soir, 4 December 1999
- ^ Verniers 1965, p. 227.
- ^ "Saint-Verhaegen calme et fraîche: moins d'interventions qu'en 2012" (in French). RTBF. 20 November 2013. Retrieved 24 April 2013.
- ^ Jacobs 1994, p. 70.
- ^ "Le Petit Sablon : Les 48 statuettes des Corporations Professionnelles - Bruxelles Pentagone" (in French). eBru. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
- ^ Mardaga 1993, p. 123.
Bibliography
- D'Osta, Jean (1986). Dictionnaire historique et anecdotique des rues de Bruxelles (in French). Brussels: éd. Paul Legrain.
- Jacobs, Roel (1994). Bruxelles. L'histoire dans la ville (in French). Bruges: Marc van de Wiele. ISBN 978-90-6966-098-1.
- Verniers, Louis (1965). Un millénaire d'histoire de Bruxelles. Des origines à 1830 (in French). Brussels: A. De Boeck.
- Le Patrimoine monumental de la Belgique: Bruxelles (PDF) (in French). Vol. 1B: Pentagone E-M. Liège: Pierre Mardaga. 1993.
- Le Patrimoine monumental de la Belgique: Bruxelles (PDF) (in French). Vol. 1C: Pentagone N-Z. Liège: Pierre Mardaga. 1994.
External links
- Media related to Sablon Quarter at Wikimedia Commons
- Official website at "Sablon, Quartier des arts et du commerce".
- Le Sablon at Ville De Bruxelles