Sacramento, California

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Coordinates: 38°34′54″N 121°29′40″W / 38.58167°N 121.49444°W / 38.58167; -121.49444
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
"Sacramento" redirects here. For other uses, see Sacramento (disambiguation).

Sacramento
California Supreme Court
Mayor Pro Tem
Mai Vang (D)
 • City Council[4]
Council Members
  • Lisa Kaplan (D)
  • Vacant
  • Karina Talamantes (D)
  • Katie Valenzuela (D)
  • Caity Maple (D)
  • Eric Guerra (D)
  • Rick Jennings II (D)
  • Mai Vang (D)
Area
US: 26th)
DemonymSacramentan
Time zoneUTC−08:00 (PST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−07:00 (PDT)
ZIP Codes
94203–94209, 94211, 94229–94230, 94232, 94234–94237, 94239–94240, 94244–94245, 94247–94250, 94252, 94254, 94256–94259, 94261–94263, 94267–94269, 94271, 94273–94274, 94277–94280, 94282–94285, 94287–94291, 94293–94299, 95811–95838, 95840–95843, 95851–95853, 95860, 95864–95867, 95894, 95899
Area code916 and 279
FIPS code06-64000
GNIS feature IDs1659564, 2411751
Websitecityofsacramento.gov

Sacramento (

California Legislature and the Governor of California
.

Sacramento is also the cultural and economic core of the Greater Sacramento area, which at the 2020 census had a population of 2,680,831,[8] the fourth-largest metropolitan area in California.[11]

Before the

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, the waterfront developed by Sutter began to be developed and incorporated in 1850 as the City of Sacramento. In 1852, the city offered its county courthouse to the state of California to house the state legislature, resulting in the city becoming the permanent state capital in 1854 and ushering in the construction of a new state capitol building which was finished in 1874.[12]

Sacramento is the fastest-growing major city in California,

global city, designated at the Gamma − level in 2020.[15]

History

Main article: History of Sacramento, California
For a chronological guide, see Timeline of Sacramento, California.

Pre-Columbian period

Plains Miwok American Indians have lived in the area for perhaps thousands of years. Until the settlers arrived who would eventually make Sacramento their home, these tribes left little evidence of their existence. Their diet was dominated by acorns
taken from the plentiful oak trees in the region and by fruits, bulbs, seeds, and roots gathered throughout the year.

Spanish period

In 1808, the Spanish explorer Gabriel Moraga encountered and named the Sacramento Valley and the Sacramento River. A Spanish writer with the Moraga expedition wrote:[16]

Canopies of oaks and cottonwoods, many festooned with grapevines, overhung both sides of the blue current. Birds chattered in the trees and big fish darted through the pellucid depths. The air was like champagne, and (the Spaniards) drank deep of it, drank in the beauty around them. "¡Es como el sagrado sacramento! (It's like the Blessed Sacrament.)"

The valley and the river were then christened after the "Most Holy Sacrament of the Body and Blood of Christ," referring to the Catholic sacrament of the Eucharist.

Mexican period

John Augustus Sutter established Sutter's Fort, which he called Nueva Helvetia. In 1841, he was officially granted the land by Governor Juan Bautista Alvarado
.

John Sutter Sr. first arrived in the area on August 13, 1839, at the confluence of the American and Sacramento Rivers with a Mexican land grant of 50,000 acres (20,000 ha). The next year, he and his party established Sutter's Fort, a massive adobe structure with walls 18 feet (5.5 m) high and three feet (0.91 m) thick.[17]

Representing Mexico, Sutter Sr. called his colony New Helvetia, a Swiss-inspired name, and was the political authority and dispenser of justice in the new settlement. Soon, the colony began to grow as more and more pioneers headed west. Within just a few short years, Sutter Sr. had become a grand success, owning a 10-acre (4.0 ha) orchard and a herd of 13,000 cattle. Fort Sutter became a regular stop for the increasing number of immigrants coming through the valley. In 1847, Sutter Sr. received 2,000 fruit trees, which started the agriculture industry in the Sacramento Valley. Later that year, Sutter Sr. hired James Marshall to build a sawmill so he could continue to expand his empire,[17] but unbeknownst to many, Sutter Sr.'s "empire" had been built on thin margins of credit.[18]

American period

California Gold Rush

In 1848, when

Sutter's Mill in Coloma (some 50 mi or 80.5 km northeast of the fort), numerous gold-seekers came to the area, increasing the population. In August 1848, Sutter Sr.'s son, John Sutter Jr., arrived to assist his father in reducing his debt
. The Sutters struggled to contain the effects of thousands of new gold miners and prospectors in the area, many of whom squatted on unwatched portions of the vast Sutter lands or stole various unattended Sutter properties or belongings. For Sutter, his employee's discovery of gold in the area turned out to be a bane.

By December 1848, John Sutter Jr., in association with Samuel Brannan, began laying out the City of Sacramento, 2 miles (3.2 km) south of his father's settlement of New Helvetia. This venture was undertaken against the wishes of Sutter Sr., but the father, being deeply in debt, was unable to stop it. For commercial reasons, the new city was named "Sacramento City" after the Sacramento River. Sutter Jr. and Brannan had United States Army Captain William H. Warner assigned to draft the official layout of the city, which included 26 lettered and 31 numbered streets (today's grid from C St. to Broadway and from Front St. to Alhambra Blvd.) Relations between Sutter and his son became embittered after Sacramento became an overnight commercial success. (Sutter's Fort, Mill, and the town of Sutterville, all founded by John Sutter Sr., eventually failed).

Old Sacramento, the oldest quarter of the city, grew up along the Sacramento River in the mid-1800s.

Residents of Sacramento adopted a city charter in 1849, which was recognized by the state legislature in 1850. Sacramento is the oldest incorporated city in California, incorporated on February 27, 1850.[19]

On January 10, 1850, a flood occurred that devastated the city. The rushing waters uprooted homes and drowned livestock. The city was almost destroyed. Due to the efforts of

Sierra Nevada proved irresistible, and it grew rapidly during the early 1850s, attracting a population of 10,000. The Great Flood of 1862 from December 1861 to January 1862 caused the worst flooding in Sacramento's history. In 1861, Governor Leland Stanford
, who was inaugurated in early January 1862, traveled to his inauguration in a rowboat.

An 1874 depiction of a Sacramento railway station by painter William Hahn

The

Constitutional Convention and state elections were held. The convention decided San Jose would be the new state's capital. From California's statehood beginning September 9, 1850 through 1851, the legislature met in San Jose. It moved to Vallejo in 1852 and Benicia in 1853, before ending up in Sacramento in 1854. During the 1850s the city was consolidated with the County of Sacramento.[24] In the Sacramento Constitutional Convention of 1879
, Sacramento was named the permanent state capital.

The

Classical Revival-style California State Capitol, similar to the national Capitol, was started in 1860 and completed in 1874. In 1861, the legislative session was moved to the Merchants Exchange Building in San Francisco for one session because of the massive flooding in Sacramento. From 1862 to 1868, part of the Leland Stanford Mansion
was used for the governor's offices during Stanford's tenure as the Governor; and the legislature met in the Sacramento County Courthouse. The legislative chambers were first occupied in 1869, while construction continued around them.

The California State Capitol, built between 1860 and 1874, shown here under construction in 1868

With its new status and strategic location, Sacramento quickly prospered. It was designated as the western terminus of the

Collis P. Huntington, and Leland Stanford. Both the American and especially Sacramento rivers were key elements in the economic success of the city. Sacramento effectively controlled commerce on these rivers, and public works projects were funded through taxes levied on goods unloaded from boats and loaded onto rail cars in the historic Sacramento Rail Yards
.

From 1862 until the mid-1870s, Sacramento raised the level of its downtown by building reinforced brick walls on its downtown streets and filling the resulting street walls with dirt. The previous first floors of buildings became basements, with open space between the street and the building, previously the sidewalk, now at the basement level. Over the years, many of these underground spaces have been filled or destroyed by subsequent development. However, it is still possible to view portions of the "Sacramento Underground".

Modern era

See also: Urban redevelopment in Sacramento, California
West Sacramento
.

The city's current charter was adopted by voters in 1920.

North Sacramento with Sacramento substantially increased its population, and large annexations of the Natomas
area eventually led to significant population growth throughout the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s.

Sacramento County (along with a portion of adjacent Placer County) is served by a customer-owned electric utility, the Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD). Sacramento voters approved the creation of SMUD in 1923.[26] In April 1946, after 12 years of litigation, a judge ordered Pacific Gas & Electric to transfer the title of Sacramento's electric distribution system to SMUD. Today SMUD is the sixth-largest public electric utility in the U.S. and is a leader in innovative programs and services, including the development of clean fuel resources, such as solar power.[27]

The year following the creation of SMUD, 1924, brought several events in Sacramento:

Filipino professional boxer known as Pancho Villa, at L Street Auditorium on March 21.[28]

The Elks Tower was built in 1926 in an Italianate style.

Early in World War II, the Sacramento Assembly Center (also known as the Walerga Assembly Center) was established to house Japanese Americans

Tule Lake concentration camp. The site was then turned over to the Army Signal Corps and dedicated as Camp Kohler
.

After the war and the end of the incarceration program, returning Japanese Americans were often unable to find housing and so 234 families temporarily lived at the former assembly center. Camp Kohler was destroyed by a fire in December 1947, and the assembly center site is now part of the Foothill Farms-North Highlands subdivision.[29] The Sacramento-Yolo Port District was created in 1947, and the ground was broken on the Port of Sacramento in 1949.

Capitol Park

On June 29, 1963, with 5,000 spectators waiting to welcome her, the Motor Vessel Taipei Victory arrived.

Nationalist Chinese flagship docked at the Port of Sacramento
, being the first ocean-going vessel in Sacramento since the steamship Harpoon in 1934.

In 1967, Ronald Reagan became the last Governor of California to live permanently in the city. The 1980s and 1990s saw the closure of several local military bases: McClellan Air Force Base, Mather Air Force Base, and Sacramento Army Depot. In 1980, there was another flood. Despite military base closures and the decline of agricultural food processing, Sacramento has continued to experience population growth in recent years. Primary sources of population growth are an influx of residents from the nearby San Francisco Bay Area, as well as immigration from Asia and Latin America.

In 1985, Hugh Scrutton, a 38-year-old Sacramento, California, computer store owner, was killed by a nail-and-splinter-loaded bomb placed in the parking lot of his store. In 1996, his death was attributed to the Unabomber,

Theodore Kaczynski
.

After acquiring the majority stake in the Sacramento Kings, the team's new owner, Vivek Ranadivé, with the help of the city, agreed to build a new arena in the downtown area. With a final estimated cost of $558.2 million, Sacramento's Golden 1 Center opened on September 30, 2016.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city covers 100.1 square miles (259 km2). 97.81% of it is land, and 2.19% of it is water.

Depth to groundwater is typically about 30 feet (9 m). Much of the land to the west of the city (in

Sierra Nevada
foothills, and 10 miles (16 km) to the south into valley farmland.

The city is at the confluence of the Sacramento River and the American River and has a deep-water port connected to the San Francisco Bay by a channel through the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta. It is the shipping and rail center for the Sacramento Valley.[31]

Trees

palm trees, then fruit trees in the late 1910s.[33] It was the first US city to be designated a City of Trees by the Arbor Day Foundation in 1978.[34]

In the early 21st century, the tree cover is well above that of the average tree cover of other major cities in the United States and the rest of the world, with the main species being the

MIT using Google Maps' street-view data to calculate tree coverage in cities, ranked Sacramento the greenest city of 15 studied in the US, and third globally, after Vancouver and Singapore.[35]

A prominent

farm-to-fork movement, which promotes the consumption of locally-grown food). After 4,000 displeased citizens signed a petition protesting the change, officials agreed to include both slogans on the water tower.[36]

Cityscape

Panoramic view of downtown Sacramento from West Sacramento

City neighborhoods

Downtown Sacramento is the home of numerous corporate regional headquarters.

The city groups most of its neighborhoods into four areas:

Old Sacramento and Downtown are seen from the Sacramento River
.

Additional prominent regions and neighborhoods in the region include American River Parkway, Arden-Arcade, Arden Fair, Cal Expo, Capital Avenue, Coffing, College Glen, College Greens, Cordova, Creekside, East Fruitridge, Elder Creek, Elkhorn, Elvas, Erikson Industrial Park, Excelsior Sunrise, Foothill Farms, Franklin, Frates Ranch, Gateway Center, Gateway West, Glenwood Meadows, Hansen Park, Heritage Park, Johnson Business Park, Johnson Heights, Mayhew, Metro Center, Mills, Natomas Corporate Center, Natomas Creek, Natomas Crossing, Natomas Park, Newton Booth, Noralto, Northpointe, Norwood, Oak Knoll, Old North Sacramento, Parker Homes, Point West, Raley Industrial Park, Regency Park, Richardson Village, Richmond Grove, Rosemont, Sierra Oaks, Sports Complex, Strawberry Manor, Sundance Lake, Swanston Palms, Town and Country Village, Upper Land Park, Village 5, Village 7, Village 12, Village 14, Village Green, Walerga, Walsh Station, West Del Paso Heights, Westlake, Willowcreek, Wills Acres, Winn Park, Woodside, and Youngs Heights.[41][42]

Notable areas

Capitol Mall

Capitol Mall connects West Sacramento and Downtown Sacramento. Some notable landmarks on this road include the Tower Bridge, Old Sacramento, and the California State Capitol Building. Capitol Mall is considered to be the business district of the city. Skyscrapers such as the Wells Fargo Center and U.S. Bank Tower, two of the tallest buildings in the city, are located on Capitol Mall and are home to several major companies. The street is also home to major festivals such as the annual Farm to Fork Festival.

Downtown Commons

One of the newest districts in the city is Downtown Commons. Formerly home to the Downtown Plaza shopping mall, the district opened in 2016 along with the Golden 1 Center. Downtown Commons, otherwise known as DOCO, is home to the Sawyer, a 16-story skyscraper with a 250-room hotel and 45 condominiums, a Macy's anchor store, an IMAX theater, and retail space with a variety of restaurants and shops.[43]

Downtown Sacramento
Aerial view of Sacramento, clearly showing the downtown/midtown grid and surrounding areas
See also: Downtown Sacramento

Downtown Sacramento is home to the SAFE Credit Union Convention Center and Theater, Sacramento City Hall, the Sacramento Public Library, and K Street, a historic street home to apartments, retail, and historical buildings. In addition, Downtown Sacramento is home to several hotels including the Citizen Hotel, housed in one of the first skyscrapers built in the city.[44]

East Sacramento
See also:
East Sacramento

East Sacramento is a neighborhood in between Midtown and Sacramento State. This neighborhood is well known for being home to McKinley Park and Rose Garden and the Fabulous Forties, home to some of the most expensive, largest, and architecturally unique homes in the city. East Sacramento was home to Ronald Reagan during his term as Governor of California and this neighborhood was prominently featured in Greta Gerwig's film Lady Bird.[45]

Historic Chinatown

The Opium Wars of the 1840s and 1850s, along with the Gold Rush, brought many Chinese people to California. Most arrived at San Francisco, which was then the largest city in California and known as "Daai Fau" (Chinese: 大埠; Jyutping: daai6 fau6; Cantonese Yale: Daaihfauh). Some eventually came to Sacramento, then the second-largest city in California and consequently called "Yee Fow" (Chinese: 二埠; Jyutping: ji6 fau6). Today the city is known as "萨克拉门托" (pinyin: Sàkèlāméntuō) by mainland Chinese and as "沙加緬度" Sāgāmíhndouh and Shājiāmiǎnduó by Cantonese speakers and Taiwanese respectively.

Sacramento's historic Chinatown

Sacramento's Chinatown was on "I" Street from Second to Sixth Streets, called the China Slough. At the time, this area of "I" Street was considered a health hazard because, lying within a levee zone, it was lower than other parts of the city, which were situated on higher land. Throughout Sacramento's Chinatown history, there were fires, acts of discrimination, and prejudicial legislation such as the Chinese Exclusion Act that was not repealed until 1943. The mysterious fires were thought to be set off by those who resented the Chinese working class.[46] Ordinances on what was viable building material were set into place to try to get the Chinese to move out. Newspapers such as The Sacramento Union wrote stories at the time that portrayed the Chinese in an unfavorable light to inspire ethnic discrimination and drive the Chinese away. While most of Sacramento's Chinatown has now been razed, a small Chinatown mall remains as well as a museum dedicated to the history of Sacramento's Chinatown.[47][48]

Newton Booth Historic District

The Newton Booth Historic District, named for Newton Booth, is located on the southeast corner of Sacramento's original 1848 street grid.[49][50][51][52]

Old Sacramento
The historic Ebner's Hotel, built in 1856, in Old Sacramento

The oldest part of the town besides Sutter's Fort is Old Sacramento, which consists of cobbled streets and many historic buildings, several from the 1850s and 1860s. Buildings have been preserved, restored, or reconstructed, and the district is now a substantial tourist attraction, with rides on steam-powered historic trains and horse-drawn carriages.

Poverty Ridge Historic District

The Poverty Ridge Historic District is within Sacramento's original 1848 street grid and bounded to the west by 21st Street, to the north by S Street, to the east by 23rd Street, to the south by W Street and U.S. Route 50, and includes the block bounded by 20th Street, 21st Street, S Street, and T Street.[53][54][55][56]

The Poverty Ridge Historic District was considered to be Sacramento's wealthiest neighborhood from 1868 to 1947.[53][57]

Climate

recreational boating
.

Sacramento has a

hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csa), characterized by hot, long, dry summers and cool winters with a decent amount of rainfall. Most of the annual precipitation generally occurs from November to April, though there may be a day or two of light rainfall in May or October. The normal annual mean temperature is 61.8 °F (16.6 °C), with the monthly daily average temperature ranging from 47.3 °F (8.5 °C) in December to 75.9 °F (24.4 °C) in July.[58] Summer heat is sometimes moderated by a sea breeze known as the "delta breeze" which comes through the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta from the San Francisco Bay
, and temperatures cool down sharply at night.

The foggiest months are December and January. Tule fog can be extremely dense, lowering visibility to less than 100 feet (30 m) and making driving conditions extremely hazardous. Chilling tule fog events have been known to last for several consecutive days or weeks. During Tule fog events, temperatures do not exceed 50 °F (10 °C).

market
at César Chávez Plaza

Snowfall is rare in Sacramento, which is only 25 ft (8 m)

above sea level. In the downtown area, only three significant snow accumulations have occurred since 1900, the last one being in 1976.[59] During especially cold winter and spring storms, intense showers do occasionally produce a significant amount of hail, which can create hazardous driving conditions. Snowfall in the city often melts upon ground contact, with traceable amounts occurring in some years. Significant annual snow accumulations occur in the foothills 40 mi (64 km) east of the city, which had brief and traceable amounts of snowfall in January 2002, December 2009, and February 2011.[60][61]
The greatest snowfall ever recorded in Sacramento was 3 inches (7.6 cm) on January 5, 1888. On average, there are 76 days with a high of 90 °F (32 °C)+, and 14 days with a high of 100 °F (38 °C)+; On the other extreme, there are 8.5 days where the temperature remains below 50 °F (10 °C), and 15 freezing nights per year. Official temperature extremes range from 18 °F (−7.8 °C) on December 22, 1990, to 116 °F (46.7 °C) on September 6, 2022;[62] a station around 5 mi (8.0 km) east-southeast of the city dipped to 17 °F (−8.3 °C) on December 11, 1932.[63]

View of Downtown Sacramento

The average annual precipitation is 18.14 inches (461 mm). On average, precipitation falls on 58 days each year in Sacramento, and nearly all of this falls during the winter months. Average January rainfall is 3.66 in (93 mm), and measurable precipitation is rare during the summer months. In February 1992, Sacramento had 16 consecutive days of rain, resulting in an accumulation of 6.41 in (163 mm) for the period. On rare occasions, monsoonal moisture surges from the Desert Southwest can bring upper-level moisture to the Sacramento region, leading to increased summer cloudiness, humidity, and even light showers and thunderstorms. Monsoon clouds do occur, usually during late June through early September. Sacramento is the second most flood-susceptible city in the United States after New Orleans.[64]

Sacramento has been noted as being the sunniest location on the planet for four months of the year, from May through August. It holds the distinction as the sunniest month, in terms of the percentage of possible sunshine, of anywhere in the world; July in Sacramento averages 14 hours and 12 minutes of sunshine per day, amounting to approximately 98% of possible sunshine.[65]

Since 2010, statewide droughts in California have further strained Sacramento's water security.[66]

Climate data for Sacramento, California (Sacramento Executive Airport), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1941–present[a]
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 76
(24) 		78
(26) 		88
(31) 		95
(35) 		105
(41) 		115
(46) 		114
(46) 		112
(44) 		114
(46) 		104
(40) 		87
(31) 		74
(23) 		115
(46)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 65.2
(18.4) 		71.1
(21.7) 		78.1
(25.6) 		87.4
(30.8) 		95.3
(35.2) 		103.1
(39.5) 		105.3
(40.7) 		104.1
(40.1) 		100.6
(38.1) 		91.8
(33.2) 		76.5
(24.7) 		65.1
(18.4) 		107.0
(41.7)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 56.0
(13.3) 		61.3
(16.3) 		66.3
(19.1) 		72.1
(22.3) 		80.3
(26.8) 		87.9
(31.1) 		92.6
(33.7) 		91.9
(33.3) 		88.5
(31.4) 		78.8
(26.0) 		65.0
(18.3) 		56.0
(13.3) 		74.7
(23.7)
Daily mean °F (°C) 47.6
(8.7) 		51.4
(10.8) 		55.4
(13.0) 		59.5
(15.3) 		66.1
(18.9) 		72.2
(22.3) 		75.9
(24.4) 		75.3
(24.1) 		72.5
(22.5) 		64.5
(18.1) 		53.9
(12.2) 		47.3
(8.5) 		61.8
(16.6)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 39.2
(4.0) 		41.5
(5.3) 		44.5
(6.9) 		47.0
(8.3) 		52.0
(11.1) 		56.5
(13.6) 		59.2
(15.1) 		58.8
(14.9) 		56.5
(13.6) 		50.3
(10.2) 		42.7
(5.9) 		38.5
(3.6) 		48.9
(9.4)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 29.1
(−1.6) 		31.7
(−0.2) 		35.1
(1.7) 		37.9
(3.3) 		44.1
(6.7) 		49.5
(9.7) 		54.1
(12.3) 		53.8
(12.1) 		49.6
(9.8) 		41.7
(5.4) 		32.7
(0.4) 		28.7
(−1.8) 		26.9
(−2.8)
Record low °F (°C) 20
(−7) 		23
(−5) 		26
(−3) 		31
(−1) 		34
(1) 		41
(5) 		48
(9) 		48
(9) 		42
(6) 		35
(2) 		26
(−3) 		18
(−8) 		18
(−8)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 3.66
(93) 		3.49
(89) 		2.68
(68) 		1.26
(32) 		0.75
(19) 		0.23
(5.8) 		0.00
(0.00) 		0.04
(1.0) 		0.09
(2.3) 		0.85
(22) 		1.66
(42) 		3.43
(87) 		18.14
(461)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 10.0 9.1 9.0 5.1 3.6 1.1 0.1 0.2 0.7 3.1 6.1 9.6 57.7
Average
relative humidity
(%) 		83.3 76.8 71.6 64.5 58.9 55.0 53.2 55.7 57.0 63.1 75.6 82.9 66.5
Average dew point °F (°C) 39.4
(4.1) 		42.1
(5.6) 		42.8
(6.0) 		43.7
(6.5) 		46.9
(8.3) 		50.4
(10.2) 		53.1
(11.7) 		53.4
(11.9) 		50.9
(10.5) 		47.5
(8.6) 		43.7
(6.5) 		39.2
(4.0) 		46.1
(7.8)
Mean monthly sunshine hours 145.5 201.3 278.0 329.6 406.3 419.5 440.2 406.9 347.8 296.7 194.9 141.1 3,607.8
Percent possible sunshine 48 67 75 83 92 94 98 96 93 86 64 48 81
Source: NOAA (relative humidity, dew point and sun 1961–1990)[68][58][69]
Climate data for Sacramento 5 ESE, California (Sacramento State[70]), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1877–present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 79
(26) 		80
(27) 		90
(32) 		98
(37) 		107
(42) 		112
(44) 		114
(46) 		112
(44) 		116
(47) 		102
(39) 		86
(30) 		72
(22) 		116
(47)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 66.4
(19.1) 		72.5
(22.5) 		80.6
(27.0) 		89.5
(31.9) 		97.1
(36.2) 		104.4
(40.2) 		106.7
(41.5) 		105.5
(40.8) 		102.0
(38.9) 		92.3
(33.5) 		77.3
(25.2) 		65.9
(18.8) 		108.1
(42.3)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 56.5
(13.6) 		62.2
(16.8) 		67.8
(19.9) 		73.5
(23.1) 		81.3
(27.4) 		89.0
(31.7) 		94.4
(34.7) 		93.5
(34.2) 		89.3
(31.8) 		78.9
(26.1) 		65.3
(18.5) 		56.4
(13.6) 		75.7
(24.3)
Daily mean °F (°C) 48.8
(9.3) 		52.9
(11.6) 		57.2
(14.0) 		61.4
(16.3) 		67.7
(19.8) 		73.9
(23.3) 		77.9
(25.5) 		77.3
(25.2) 		74.0
(23.3) 		65.9
(18.8) 		55.3
(12.9) 		48.5
(9.2) 		63.4
(17.4)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 41.1
(5.1) 		43.7
(6.5) 		46.7
(8.2) 		49.3
(9.6) 		54.0
(12.2) 		58.7
(14.8) 		61.4
(16.3) 		61.0
(16.1) 		58.8
(14.9) 		52.9
(11.6) 		45.3
(7.4) 		40.7
(4.8) 		51.1
(10.6)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 32.5
(0.3) 		35.4
(1.9) 		38.8
(3.8) 		41.6
(5.3) 		47.2
(8.4) 		51.9
(11.1) 		55.9
(13.3) 		55.9
(13.3) 		52.4
(11.3) 		45.1
(7.3) 		36.2
(2.3) 		31.9
(−0.1) 		30.5
(−0.8)
Record low °F (°C) 19
(−7) 		21
(−6) 		29
(−2) 		34
(1) 		37
(3) 		43
(6) 		47
(8) 		48
(9) 		44
(7) 		34
(1) 		27
(−3) 		17
(−8) 		17
(−8)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 3.87
(98) 		3.63
(92) 		2.82
(72) 		1.44
(37) 		0.86
(22) 		0.21
(5.3) 		0.00
(0.00) 		0.02
(0.51) 		0.15
(3.8) 		0.93
(24) 		1.78
(45) 		3.49
(89) 		19.20
(488)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 10.8 9.6 9.2 5.3 3.7 1.2 0.1 0.2 0.8 3.1 6.8 10.1 60.9
Source: NOAA[68][71][72], Western Regional Climate Center[73]

See or edit raw graph data.

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18506,820—
186013,785102.1%
187016,28318.1%
188021,42031.5%
189026,38623.2%
190029,28211.0%
191044,69652.6%
192065,90847.5%
193093,75042.2%
1940105,95813.0%
1950137,57229.8%
1960191,66739.3%
1970257,10534.1%
1980275,7417.2%
1990369,36534.0%
2000407,01810.2%
2010466,48814.6%
2020524,94312.5%
2023 (est.)526,3850.3%
U.S. Decennial Census[74]
2010–2020[7]

In 2002, the Civil Rights Project at Harvard University conducted for Time magazine named Sacramento "America's Most Diverse City."[75] The U.S. Census Bureau also groups Sacramento with other U.S. cities having a "high diversity" rating of the diversity index.[76] Moreover, Sacramento is one of the most well-integrated U.S. cities, having a relatively high level of ethnic and racial heterogeneity within its neighborhoods.[77]

Chinese people are the largest Asian ethnic group in Sacramento, followed by Filipino, Indian, Vietnamese, Hmong and Japanese.[78][79]

Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament, the seat of the Diocese of Sacramento
Historical racial composition 2020[80] 2010[80] 1990[81] 1970[81] 1940[81]
White
 46.3% 45.0% 60.1% 81.5% 94.2%
—Non-Hispanic 32.4% 34.5% 53.4% 71.4%[b] n/a
African American
 13.2% 14.6% 15.3% 10.7% 1.4%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 28.9% 26.9% 16.2% 11.0%[b] n/a
Asian
 18.9% 18.3% 15.0% 6.5% 4.3%

2020

Sacramento, California – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 2000[82] Pop 2010[83] Pop 2020[84] % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
White
alone (NH) 		164,974 161,062 158,999 40.53% 34.53% 30.29%
Black or African American
alone (NH) 		61,136 64,967 66,012 15.02% 13.93% 12.58%
Alaska Native
alone (NH) 		3,149 2,586 2,480 0.77% 0.55% 0.47%
Asian alone (NH) 66,598 83,841 102,200 16.36% 17.97% 19.47%
Pacific Islander alone (NH) 3,637 6,392 8,282 0.89% 1.37% 1.58%
Other race alone (NH) 1,494 1,253 3,517 0.37% 0.27% 0.67%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) 18,056 21,111 32,200 4.44% 4.53% 6.13%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 87,974 125,276 151,253 21.61% 26.86% 28.81%
Total 407,018 466,488 524,943 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

2010

The

2010 United States Census[85]
reported Sacramento had a population of 466,488. The population density was 4,660.0 inhabitants per square mile (1,799.2/km2).

There were 138,165 Hispanic or Latino residents of any race (26.9%); 22.6% of

Non-Hispanic Whites were 34.5% of the population in 2010,[80] down from 71.4% in 1970.[81]

The Census reported 458,174 people (98.2% of the population) lived in households, 4,268 (0.9%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 4,046 (0.9%) were institutionalized. The recent[when?] housing crash has not impacted these numbers.[citation needed]

There were 174,624 households, out of which 57,870 (33.1%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 65,556 (37.5%) were

families
(59.4% of all households); the average family size was 3.37.

Westminster Presbyterian Church

The age distribution of the city was as follows: 116,121 people (24.9%) were under the age of 18, 52,438 people (11.2%) aged 18 to 24, 139,093 people (29.8%) aged 25 to 44, 109,416 people (23.5%) aged 45 to 64, and 49,420 people (10.6%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33.0 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.9 males. For every 100 females aged 18 and over, there were 92.2 males.

There were 190,911 housing units at an average density of 1,907.1 units per square mile (736.3 units/km2), of which 86,271 (49.4%) were owner-occupied, and 88,353 (50.6%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.8%; the rental vacancy rate was 8.3%. 231,593 people (49.6% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 226,581 people (48.6%) lived in rental housing units.

Sacramento has one of the highest

Lavender Heights is the hub for LGBTQ activities in the city[citation needed] and is a centrally located district in Midtown Sacramento
centered within and around K & 20th streets.

Economy

The California State Capitol is the seat of the Government of California, hosting the Governor of California and the California State Legislature.
The historic Citizen Hotel in Downtown Sacramento

The

27th largest in the United States.[11]

Sacramento's economy has historically been dominated by the state and federal government and is currently home to more than 120,000 public sector employees. However, in recent years Sacramento has seen a diversification in its local economy, with gains being made in healthcare,

Hewlett Packard, Intel, Oracle, and Siemens Mobility.[92][93][94]

The Port of Sacramento has been plagued with operating losses in recent years and faces bankruptcy. This severe loss in business is due to the heavy competition from the Port of Stockton, which has a larger facility and a deeper channel. As of 2006, the city of West Sacramento took responsibility for the Port of Sacramento. During the Vietnam War era, the Port of Sacramento was the major terminus in the supply route for all military parts, hardware, and other cargo going to Southeast Asia.

Top employers

As of 2023,[95] the top employers in the County of Sacramento were:

# Employer Employees
1 State of California 107,876
2 UC Davis Health 16,075
3 Sacramento County 13,252
4 Kaiser Permanente 10,934
5
U.S. Government
 10,507
6 Sutter Health 9,350
7
Catholic Healthcare West
 7,353
8 Intel 5,000
9 San Juan Unified School District 4,801
10 Los Rios Community College District 3,049
11 California State University, Sacramento 2,800
12 Raley's Supermarkets 2,756
13 Siemens Mobility 2,500

Culture

Sacramento is known for its evolving contemporary culture, even being dubbed the fourth most "hipster city" in the United States in one 2016 poll.[96][97]

Museums

The Crocker Art Museum is the oldest public art museum in the Western United States and has one of the largest public art collections in the country.

Sacramento is home to 32 museums, including several major museums. The Crocker Art Museum is the oldest public art museum west of the Mississippi River. In 2010, the museum completed an expansion that tripled the museum's floor space to more than 145,000 square feet of exhibit space.

Also of interest is the

The California Museum for History, Women, and the Arts, home of the California Hall of Fame, is a cultural destination. The California State Capitol is home to the California State Capitol Museum and offers free tours of the capitol's historic chambers and assembly rooms as well as a museum that is home to several historical artifacts.[98]

The California Museum is dedicated to the history of California and also hosts the California Hall of Fame.

The California State Railroad Museum in Old Sacramento has historical exhibits and live steam locomotives that patrons may ride. The California Automobile Museum, just south of Old Sacramento, displays the automotive history and vehicles from 1880 to 2006 and is the oldest non-profit automotive museum in the West. McClellan Air Force Base is home to the Aerospace Museum of California where more than 40 civilian and military aircraft and 50 historical jet engines are displayed to the public. In addition, the Sacramento History Museum, in the heart of Old Sacramento, focuses on the history of Sacramento from the region's pre-Gold Rush history through the present day. In 2021, the Museum of Science and Curiosity (MOSAC) opened in the restored historic power station building of Matsui Waterfront Park.

There is a Museum Day held in Sacramento every year when 26 museums in the greater Sacramento area offer free admission. The 2009 Sacramento Museum Day brought out more than 80,000 people, the largest number the event has gathered. Sacramento Museum Day is held every year on the first Saturday of February.

Performing arts

Sacramento Memorial Auditorium hosts the Sacramento Ballet and the Sacramento Philharmonic Orchestra.

The Sacramento Ballet, Sacramento Philharmonic Orchestra, and the Sacramento Opera perform at the SAFE Credit Union Performing Arts Center (formerly known as the Community Center Theater).

There are several major theater venues in Sacramento. The

Memorial Auditorium. The H Street Theatre Complex consists of the Wells Fargo Pavilion, built in 2003 atop the old Music Circus tent foundations, the McClatchy Mainstage, and the Pollock Stage, originally built as a television studio and renovated at the same time the Pavilion was built. These smaller venues seat 300 and 90, offering a more intimate presentation than the 2300-seat Pavilion. The Eagle Theatre in Old Sacramento is a reconstruction of the oldest permanent theater in California and hosts several performances year-round.[99]
The newest venue in the city, the Sophia Tsakopoulos Center for the Arts, consists of the 365-seat Sutter Theatre for Children and the Mainstage, seating 250.

California Musical Theatre and the Sacramento Theatre Company
.

Professional theatre is represented in Sacramento by several companies.

SAFE Credit Union Performing Arts Center. Resident at the H Street Theatre Complex for the remainder of the year (from September to May), the Sacramento Theatre Company prepares to celebrate its 75th season, beginning in the Fall of 2019. In addition to a traditional regional theatre fare of classical plays and musicals, the Sacramento Theatre Company has a large School of the Arts with a variety of opportunities for arts education. The B Street Theatre
, having completed its 2018 move into the new Sophia Tsokopoulos Center for the Arts, continues its pursuit of producing smaller and more intimate professional works for families and children. Rounding out the professional companies is Capital Stage, which performed aboard the Delta King until the end of the 2010–2011 season and soon took up residence at its venue along the J-Street corridor.

The Sacramento area has one of the largest collections of community theatres in California. Some of these include the Thistle Dew Dessert Theatre and Playwrights Workshop, Davis Musical Theatre Co., El Dorado Musical Theatre, Runaway Stage Productions, River City Theatre Company, Flying Monkey Productions, The Actor's Theatre, KOLT Run Productions, Kookaburra Productions, Big Idea Theatre, Celebration Arts, Lambda Player, Light Opera Theatre of Sacramento, Synergy Stage and the historic Eagle Theatre. The Sacramento Shakespeare Festival provides entertainment under the stars every summer in William Land Park. Many of these theatres compete annually for the Elly Awards overseen by The Sacramento Area Regional Theatre Alliance or SARTA.[100]

Visual arts

Spanish Colonial Revival style
Ramona Building, built in 1930

The Sacramento Metropolitan Arts Commission is an organization that was established as the Sacramento arts council in 1977 to provide several arts programs for the city. These include Art in Public Places, Arts Education, Grants, and Cultural Programs, Poet Laureate Programs, Arts Stabilization Programs and Other Resources, and opportunities.

Sacramento Second Saturday Art Walk is a program of local art galleries that stay open into the late evenings every second Saturday of each month.

Sacramento is also home to the Wide Open Walls Festival where artists from across the world have added more than 140 murals across the city since the festival's inception in 2016.[101]

The Sacramento Masonic Temple

Sacramento is home to one of California's oldest Latino cultural centers, the Latino Center of Art and Culture The Latino Center of Art and Culture was founded in the early '70s by activist Chicano students to combat racism and instill pride in the Chicano community. Known as La Raza Galeria it was home to artists like Ricardo Favela, José Montoya, and Esteban Villa who formed the Chicano artist collective, the Royal Chicano Air Force. The center is a community hub offering support to emerging Latino artists and producing live programming.[citation needed]

Music

The Tower Theatre, where Tower Records was founded

Tower Records was started and based in Sacramento until its closing.[102] Classical music is widely available. The Sacramento Philharmonic Orchestra, the Sacramento Baroque Soloists, the Sacramento Choral Society & Orchestra, the Sacramento Youth Symphony
, the Sacramento Master Singers, the Sacramento Children's Chorus, and the Camellia Symphony each present a full season of concerts.

Each year, the city hosts the Sammies, the Sacramento Music Awards. Sacramento also has a reputation[

Sacramento Jazz Jubilee which was held every Memorial Day
weekend until 2017. Events and performances are held in multiple locations throughout the city. Each year thousands of jazz fans from all over the world visit for this one weekend.

A growing number of rock, hardcore, and metal bands hail from the Sacramento area, including Tesla, AS IS, Deftones, Papa Roach, Will Haven, Trash Talk,[103][104][105] Dance Gavin Dance, A Lot Like Birds, Far, CAKE, !!!, Oleander and Steel Breeze; plus some other famous musicians like record producer and recording artist Charlie Peacock, Duane Leinan, Bob Stubbs of Social Distortion, and Craig Chaquico of Jefferson Starship.

Sacramento is home to several music festivals throughout the year. Since 2012, Sacramento hosts the four-day

Discovery Park where acclaimed bands such as Evanescence, Kiss, and Muse perform for up to 160,000 visitors. Other notable music festivals include the country-based GoldenSky Festival and the soul and R&B-based Sol Blume festival.[106][107]

Scottish pop band Middle of the Road sang kindly of Sacramento in their 1972 European hit song "Sacramento". Experimental groups such as Hella, Death Grips, and Tera Melos also come out of Sacramento.

Rappers

Lunasicc, Mozzy, Hobo Johnson, and Chuuwee
are among those native to the area.

Film

The historic Crest Theatre

Sacramento is home to the Sacramento French Film Festival, a cultural event held every year in July that features U.S. premieres of French films and classic masterpieces of French cinema, and the Sacramento Japanese Film Festival,[108] also held in July. In addition, Sacramento is home to the Trash Film Orgy, a summer film festival celebrating the absurd, B-movies, horror, monster, and exploitation films.[109] Founded in 2007, the Sacramento Horror Film Festival showcases feature-length and short films as well as live musical and theatrical performances in the horror and macabre genres.[110]

Of note, Sacramento has been home to various actors, including

Pocket-Greenhaven with his then-wife Nicole Mitchell Murphy, a fashion model and Sacramento native. It is also the home of director Greta Gerwig, whose solo directorial debut Lady Bird
is set in Sacramento.

Cuisine

The Old Tavern, built in the 1850s

In 2012, Sacramento started the marketing campaign as "America's Farm-to-Fork Capital" due to Sacramento's many restaurants that source their food from the numerous surrounding farms.[111] The city has an annual Farm-to-Fork festival that showcases various grocers, restaurants, and growers in the industry. In 2012, one of the city's farm-to-fork restaurants The Kitchen was nominated for Outstanding Restaurant by the James Beard Foundation.[112] Sacramento is home to well-known cookbook authors, Biba Caggiano of Biba's Restaurant and Mai Pham of Lemongrass and Star Ginger.[113]

Sacramento is also known for its alcoholic beverage culture, with keystone events that include

Cal Expo's Grape and Gourmet, Sacramento Beer Week, and Sacramento Cocktail Week. Its growing beer scene is evident, with over 60 microbreweries in the region as of 2017.[114] Numerous beer festivals around the region highlight both local and visitor beers. In addition to festivals in Elk Grove,[115] Davis, Roseville, Placerville,[116] and Woodland,[117] Sacramento hosts the annual California Beer Craft Summit, an exposition dedicated to the art of brewing. The summit also hosts the largest beer festival on the West Coast, featuring over 160 breweries in downtown Sacramento.[118]

Sacramento's contemporary culture is also reflected in its coffee. An "underrated coffee city",[119] Sacramento has above-average marks for local coffee.[120]

Sports

Main article: Sports in Sacramento, California
A Sacramento Kings game at Golden 1 Center in Downtown

Sacramento is home to one major league sports team – the

Vivek Ranadive to keep the Kings in Sacramento. On May 16, 2013, the NBA Board of Governors voted 22–8 to keep the Kings in Sacramento.[122]

Sacramento has two other professional teams. Sacramento Republic FC began play to in April 2014 at Hughes Stadium before a sellout crowd of 20,231, setting a USL Pro regular-season single-game attendance record.[123][124] They now play in Papa Murphy's Park. Republic FC won the USL championship in their first season. In October 2019, Republic FC's Major League Soccer expansion bid was approved; the team was expected to begin MLS play in the 2022 season,[125] until being delayed by COVID-19 to the 2023 season.[126] However, as of February 26, 2021, the bid is on indefinite hiatus.[127]

View from Sutter Health Park, home of the Sacramento River Cats

In 2000, AAA minor league baseball returned to Sacramento with the Sacramento River Cats, an affiliate of the San Francisco Giants and formerly an affiliate of the Oakland Athletics. The River Cats play at Sutter Health Park, in West Sacramento.

The Sacramento State Hornets of the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) play at Hornet Stadium as part of the Big Sky Conference. Since 1954, the Hornets have won seven conference titles and have participated in four playoff appearances and two bowl games.

Sacramento is the former home of two professional basketball teams. The

WNBA Championship
in 2005, but folded in November 2009.

Sacramento has frequently hosted the

NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship
. The California International Marathon (est. 1983) attracts a field of international elite runners who vie for a share of the $50,000 prize purse. The fast course is popular for runners seeking to achieve a Boston Marathon qualifying time and fitness runners.

Sacramento professional teams
Club League Sport Venue Attendance Established Championships
Sacramento Kings NBA Basketball Golden 1 Center 17,608 1923 (1985) 1 NBA, 2 NBL (as Rochester Royals)
Sacramento Republic FC USL Championship Soccer Heart Health Park 11,800 2012 1 USL Pro
Sacramento River Cats PCL Baseball Sutter Health Park 14,200 1978 (2000) 3 Triple-A titles, 5 League titles
Sacramento State Hornets
NCAA Division I FCS
 Football Hornet Stadium 21,195 1954 7 Conference Titles

Parks and recreation

Tower Bridge to the California Capitol
.

Sacramento boasts an extensive park system consisting of over 5,000 acres (2,023 ha) of parkland and recreation centers.[128] In its 2013 ParkScore ranking, The Trust for Public Land reported Sacramento was tied with San Francisco and Boston for having the third-best park system among the 50 most populous U.S. cities.[129] ParkScore ranks city park systems by a formula that analyzes the city's median park size, park acres as percent of city area, the percent of residents within a half-mile of a park, spending of park services per resident, and the number of playgrounds per 10,000 residents.

The city features a collection of smaller parks in the downtown district, including Crocker Park, Roosevelt Park, Fremont Park, and Southside Park, and is home to basketball courts, playgrounds, and year-round farmers markets and local events. In addition,

Robert Matsui Waterfront Park, which is home to a line of Cherry Blossoms surrounding the park.[130] Popular parks outside the central core include American River Parkway which spans 23 miles along the American River, William McKinley Park and Memorial Rose Garden, and William Land Park
.

fire dancing exhibition known as The Fire Spectacular is held in the park amphitheater. Groups from across Sacramento come to compete for the title of "Obsidian Fire". Jim Souza, the lead organizer of the event, came under controversy after local H.O.A members reported hooded individuals wearing black fire emblems strolling around the park. He denied having any connections and announced the event is still planned for fall 2024 of this year.[131][132][133][134]

Sacramento is a hotbed for high school rugby.

Jesuit High School
is the recent defending national champion (winning five times in total). Their arch-rival school Christian Brothers came in second nationwide. Burbank, Del Campo, and Vacaville have also placed well in the national competition over the years. The Sacramento Valley High School Rugby Conference hosts the largest and arguably deepest preseason youth and high school rugby tournament in America.

The California State Fair is held annually at the California Exposition.

The

Old Sacramento and Folsom Lake
grants access to the American River Parkway, a natural area that includes more than 5,000 acres (20 km2) of undeveloped land. It attracts cyclists and equestrians from across the state. Among other recreational options in Sacramento is Discovery Park, a 275-acre (1.1 km2) park studded with stands of mature trees and grasslands. This park is situated where the American River flows into the Sacramento River.

There are several casinos and card rooms in the city scattered throughout the Sacramento area. Since 1991, Capitol Casino has been open in downtown Sacramento and is home to several card games. Other notable casinos in the area include Thunder Valley Casino Resort, Cache Creek Casino Resort, Red Hawk Casino Resort, Hard Rock Hotel & Casino Sacramento at Fire Mountain, Jackson Rancheria Casino Resort, and Sky River Casino in Elk Grove.

In amateur sports, Sacramento claims many prominent Olympians such as Mark Spitz, Debbie Meyer (6-time gold medalist in US swimming), Mike Burton, Summer Sanders (gold medalist in swimming, and trained in childhood by Debbie Meyer), Jeff Float (all swimming), and Billy Mills (track). Coach Sherm Chavoor founded Arden Hills Swim Club just east of the city and trained Burton, Spitz, and others.

Government

Mayor of Sacramento and Sacramento City Council
.

Sacramento is both the capital city of California and the

Sacramento County. As such, it hosts both the Californian government
and the county administration, alongside the city government.

City government

Main article:
Government of Sacramento

The

mayor-council government. In addition, there are numerous departments and appointed officers such as the City Manager, Sacramento Police Department (SPD), the Sacramento Fire Department
(SFD), City Clerk, City Attorney, and City Treasurer.

As of 2016, the mayor is

California law, and the Charter of the County of Sacramento.[135]

California government

Main article: Government of California

As the capital city of California, Sacramento is home to the government of California. The California State Capitol is the seat of the governor of California and the California State Legislature, and the city is home to numerous California state agencies. The Supreme Court of California is headquartered in San Francisco but maintains one of its two branch offices in Sacramento, where it shares a courtroom with the Court of Appeal for the Third Appellate District.

State and federal representation

In the

8th Senate District, In the California State Assembly it is in the 6th Assembly District
.

In the United States House of Representatives, Sacramento is split between two districts. The northern half is in California's 6th congressional district, represented by Democrat Ami Bera.[136] The southern half is in California's 7th congressional district, represented by Democrat Doris Matsui.

Education

The main campus of the University of California, Davis, is in Davis, California (top), while the UC Davis Medical Center is in Sacramento (bottom).

Higher education

See also: California State University, Sacramento; University of California, Davis; and University of the Pacific (United States)

The Sacramento area hosts a wide variety of higher educational opportunities. There are two major public universities, many private institutions, community colleges, vocational schools, and the McGeorge School of Law.

Sacramento is home to Sacramento State (California State University, Sacramento), founded as Sacramento State College in 1947. In 2004, enrollment was 22,555 undergraduates and 5,417 graduate students in the university's eight colleges. The university's mascot is the hornet, and the school colors are green and gold. The 300-acre (1.2 km2) campus is along the American River Parkway a few miles east of downtown.

The

UC Davis, in nearby Davis and has a graduate center in downtown Sacramento. The UC Davis Graduate School of Management (GSM) is near the UC Davis Medical Center off Stockton Boulevard near Highway 50. Many students, about 400 out of 517, at the UC Davis GSM are working professionals and are completing their MBA part-time.[137] UC also maintains the University of California Sacramento Center (UCCS) for undergraduate and graduate studies.[138] The UC Davis School of Medicine is at the UC Davis Medical Center between the neighborhoods of Elmhurst, Tahoe Park
, and Oak Park.

Sacramento State University is one of the best-ranked on the West Coast.
Drexel University Sacramento

The Los Rios Community College District consists of several two-year colleges in the Sacramento area—American River College, Cosumnes River College, Sacramento City College, and Folsom Lake College, plus a large number of outreach centers for those colleges. Sierra College is on the outskirts of Sacramento in Rocklin.

The University of the Pacific has its Sacramento Campus in the Oak Park neighborhood of Sacramento. The campus has long included McGeorge School of Law and in 2015 was expanded to become a comprehensive graduate and professional campus, including programs in analytics, business, education, health sciences, and public policy.[139] The National University Sacramento regional campus offers bachelor's and master's degrees in business, education, health-care and teaching credential programs.

The University of San Francisco has one of its four regional campuses in Sacramento. At the undergraduate level, they offer degrees in Applied Economics, Information Systems, Organizational Behavior and Leadership, and Public Administration. At the graduate level, Master's programs are offered in Information Security and Assurance, Information Systems, Organization Development, Project Management, Public Administration, Nonprofit Administration, and Counseling.[140]

The private University of Southern California has an extension in downtown Sacramento, called the State Capital Center. The campus, taught by main campus professors, Sacramento-based professors, and practitioners in the State Capitol and state agencies, offers Master of Public Administration, Masters of Public Policy, and Master of Public Health degrees.[141]

Epic Bible College and the Professional School of Psychology are also based in Sacramento. Western Seminary has one of its four campuses in Sacramento, which opened on the campus of Arcade Church in 1991. Western is an evangelical, Christian graduate school that provides theological training for students who hope to serve in a variety of ministry roles including pastors, marriage and family therapists, educators, missionaries, and lay leadership. The Sacramento campus offers four master's degrees and a variety of other graduate-level programs.[142]

The McGeorge School of Law of the University of the Pacific is a law school in the Oak Park neighborhood.

A satellite campus of Alliant International University offers graduate and undergraduate programs of study.

The Art Institute of California – Los Angeles
. The school is focused on educating students in the field of commercial arts. The school offers both a Bachelor of Science and an Associate of Science degree, as well as diplomas in some areas of study. Some majors the school offers are Digital Film-making & Video Production, Culinary Management, Graphic Design, and Game Art & Design. The school has since been closed.

On J Street, there is the Lincoln Law School of Sacramento, a private, evening-only law school program with a strong legal presence in the region.

The Universal Technical Institute (UTI) is in Sacramento; it offers automotive programs in auto mechanics, auto body, and diesel.

Primary and secondary education

The historic McClatchy High School
Saint Patrick Academy
North Sacramento School

The Sacramento area is served by various public school districts. They are: the Sacramento City Unified School District, Natomas Unified School District, San Juan Unified School District, Twin Rivers Unified School District, Elk Grove Unified School District, and Robla Elementary School District; secondary students in grades 7–12 in the Robla area are assigned to Twin Rivers USD.[143] As of 2009, the area's schools employed 9,600 elementary school teachers (not including special education teachers),[144] and 7,410 middle school teachers (not including special education or vocational teachers).[145]

Almost all areas south of the American River are served by the Sacramento City Unified School District. The only exceptions are the Valley Hi/North Laguna and Florin areas served by the Elk Grove Unified School District.

Areas north of the American River are served by the remaining school districts. This area was not originally part of the City of Sacramento and as such is not served by Sacramento City Unified School District. North Sacramento outside of Natomas and Robla (for K-8) is served by the Twin Rivers Unified School District. The Robla area is served by the Robla School District for K-8 and by Twin Rivers for 9–12. The Natomas region is served by the Natomas Unified School District. The Campus Commons area and the small portions of the Sierra Oaks neighborhood that fall into the city of Sacramento are served by the San Juan Unified School District.

While Roman Catholic institutions still dominate the independent school scene in the Sacramento area, in 1964,

Steiner school adjacent to the Rudolf Steiner College, and the largest Waldorf school in North America. Sacramento Waldorf School educates students from pre-K through 12th grade on a secluded, pastoral site that incorporates a large, functioning biodynamic
farm.

Shalom School is the only Jewish day school in Sacramento; however, Brookefield School on property owned by Congregation B'nai Israel provides extracurricular Jewish education.

Capital Christian School is a preschool–12th grade private Christian school.[146] There is a small Bible college on campus offering associate degrees in Bible studies or theology. Sacramento Adventist Academy is another Christian school in Greater Sacramento. This is a preschool–12 institution, as well.

There is one Islamic school in Sacramento, Masjid Annur, founded in 1988.

Public libraries

The Sacramento Public Library system has 28 branches in the greater area.

Media

Park Tower, Downtown Sacramento

Magazines

Newspapers

Top two newspapers
  • Sierra Nevada
    ).
  • The
    Sacramento Union, the Sacramento Bee's rival, started publishing six years earlier, in 1851; it closed its doors in 1994, with an attempted revival lasting from 2005 to 2009. Writer and journalist Mark Twain
    wrote for the Union in 1866.
Other newspapers

Television

Transportation

Tower Bridge crosses over the Sacramento River, connecting Sacramento to West Sacramento
.
Main article: Transportation in the Sacramento metropolitan area

A 2011 study by Walk Score ranked Sacramento the 24th most walkable of the fifty largest U.S. cities.[147]

Roads

Sacramento is a

U.S. Highway 50 also begins its eastern journey in West Sacramento, co-signed with Business 80, but then splits off and heads toward South Lake Tahoe as the El Dorado Freeway. A sign at the eastern terminus of US 50 in Ocean City, Maryland, gives the distance to Sacramento as 3,073 miles (4,946 km).[148]

Guy West Bridge is a pedestrian and cyclist crossing over the American River, connecting California State University, Sacramento to the Campus Commons neighborhood.

Bakersfield in the south. California State Highway 160 approaches the city after running along the Sacramento River from Contra Costa County in the south and then becomes a major city street in Downtown Sacramento before turning into the North Sacramento Freeway, going over the American River
to Business 80.

Some Sacramento neighborhoods, such as Downtown Sacramento and Midtown Sacramento are very bicycle friendly as are many other communities in the region. As a result of litigation, Sacramento has undertaken to make all city facilities and sidewalks wheelchair accessible. In an effort to preserve its urban neighborhoods, Sacramento has constructed traffic-calming measures in many areas.

Rail service

Sacramento Valley Rail Station, utilized by Amtrak California, is a gateway to the Sacramento Valley
.

Sacramento Regional Transit District Light Rail
terminus.

Capitol Corridor, a multiple-frequency service providing service from the capital city to its northeastern suburbs and the San Francisco Bay Area.[149]

Sacramento is the northern terminus of the Amtrak California San Joaquins route which provides direct multiple-frequency passenger rail service to California's Central Valley as far as Bakersfield; Amtrak Thruway connections are available from the trains at Bakersfield to Southern California and Southern Nevada. An additional service under this banner is expected to be routed through Midtown in 2026.[150]

Sacramento is a stop along Amtrak's Coast Starlight route which provides scenic service to Seattle via Klamath Falls and Portland to the north and Los Angeles via San Luis Obispo and Santa Barbara to the south.

The historic Sacramento Western Pacific station was served by the California Zephyr until 1970.

Amtrak's

Chicago
, and intermediate cities.

Sacramento Valley Station provides numerous Amtrak Thruway routes. One route serves the cities of Marysville, Oroville, Chico, Corning, Red Bluff, and Redding with additional service to Yreka and even Medford, Oregon. A second serves the cities of Roseville, Rocklin, Auburn, Colfax, Truckee, Reno, and Sparks. The third and final Amtrak Thruway route serves Placerville, Lake Tahoe, Stateline Casinos, and Carson City, Nevada. Each of these routes provides multiple frequencies each day.

Sacramento has the second busiest Amtrak station in California and the seventh busiest in the country.[151]

Union Pacific's Sacramento Subdivision, the route of the original California Zephyr, where additional passenger capacity is available.[152]

Sacramento is expected to serve as the northern terminus of the California High-Speed Rail system.

Airport

Sacramento International Airport

Sacramento International Airport (IATA: SMF, ICAO: KSMF, FAA LID: SMF) is a public airport 10 miles (16 kilometers) northwest of downtown Sacramento, in Sacramento County, California. Southwest Airlines is the dominant passenger airline with more than 104 daily flights to 25 cities across the US.[153] Other airlines include Delta, United, Spirit Airlines, American Airlines and Alaska Airlines. The airport handles flights to and from various US destinations (including Hawaii) as well as Mexico, Canada and connecting flights to Europe, Asia, and South America, and served more than 13 million passengers in 2019.[154] The airport is well known for the 56-foot-long (17 m) red aluminum rabbit titled "Leap" by Lawrence Argent in Terminal B.[155]

McClellan Airfield (IATA: MCC, ICAO: KMCC, FAA LID: MCC) is a privately owned, public-use airport that is mainly used for general aviation. It is located in the unincorporated area of McClellan Park, California, six miles (9.7 km; 5.2 nmi) northeast of the central business district of Sacramento. The airport is on the former site of McClellan Air Force Base, and was transferred to Sacramento County in 2000. The airport is a public-use facility which operates as an uncontrolled airfield in what the FAA designates as Class "E" Airspace.

Transit

Sacramento RT Light Rail

The city and its suburbs are served by

I-80 and Business 80 meeting. The light-rail Blue & Gold Lines have 15-minute weekday headways and 30-minute weekday evening and weekend/holiday headways; the Green Line has 30-minute weekday headways and no weekend service. Route 142 is an express bus line to/from downtown to Sacramento International Airport.[156] There are expansion plans to extend the Green Line to the airport and the Blue Line to the City of Roseville through the City of Citrus Heights. Yolobus provides bus service to West Sacramento and Yolo County
.

Old Sacramento
's riverfront docks

Greyhound Lines provides intercity bus service to Portland, Reno, Los Angeles, and San Francisco from its new station along Richards Boulevard. Intercity bus service to San Francisco and Sparks, Nevada is offered by Megabus.[157]

Bird, and Helbiz have introduced up to 4,000 electric-powered scooters and bikes in Downtown Sacramento for residents to rent as a faster and alternative way to get around the city. Sacramento ranks second worldwide in ride sharable, with ridership totaling 1 million riders in 8 months.[158][159]

There is a commuter bus service from Yolo County on

Yuba Sutter Transit,[160] from Amador Transit's Sacramento Line,[161] on Placer County Transit's Auburn to Light Rail Line,[162] and from San Joaquin County on several SMART
bus lines.

Notable people

See also:
List of people from Sacramento

International relations

Stanford Mansion is the official reception center for the Californian government and one of the workplaces of the Governor of California.

As of 2023, the City of Sacramento has 14 sister cities. They are:[163]

Country City Date of partnership
 Israel Ashkelon August 15, 2012
 Palestine Bethlehem December 15, 2009
 Moldova
Chişinău[164]
 December 12, 1989
 New Zealand Hamilton December 6, 1988
 China Jinan, Shandong October 16, 1984
  Switzerland Liestal March 21, 1989
 Philippines Manila June 8, 1961
 Japan
Ehime
 March 17, 1981
 Mexico Mexicali September 26, 2013
 Philippines Pasay February 28, 2006
 Nicaragua San Juan de Oriente February 28, 2006
 South Korea
Yongsan-gu, Seoul
 July 22, 1997
 Spain Valencia July 12, 1990
 Ukraine Sumy August 2023

See also

Explanatory notes

  1. ^ Official records for Sacramento were kept exclusively at the airport since 10 November 1941.[67]
  2. ^ a b From 15% sample

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  158. ^ Information Officer, Public (February 7, 2020). "Sacramento ranks second only to paris in this category (and it's not about trees)". Sacramento City Express. Retrieved February 22, 2022.
  159. ^ Bizjak, Tony (July 5, 2020). "Electric Scooters are now back on Sacramento streets for rental. But bring your wipes". The Sacramento Bee. Retrieved February 22, 2022.
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  161. ^ "Amador Transit Route 1: Sacramento". Amador Transit. Archived from the original on September 9, 2011. Retrieved November 15, 2015.
  162. ^ "Placer County Transit (PCT)". City of Placer. Archived from the original on October 14, 2008. Retrieved March 29, 2018.
  163. ^ "Sacramento, California". Sister Cities International. Archived from the original on February 21, 2015. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  164. ^ "Oraşe înfrăţite (Twin cities of Minsk) [via WaybackMachine.com]" (in Romanian). Primăria Municipiului Chişinău. Archived from the original on September 3, 2012. Retrieved July 21, 2013.
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