Sahajanand Saraswati

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Sahajanand Saraswati
ascetic, revolutionary
, Farmer rights activist, politician

Sahajanand Saraswati (pronunciation

social reformer
and revolutionary.

Biography

Swami Sahajanand Saraswati was born in Deva Village near Dullahpur, Ghazipur district in eastern Uttar Pradesh Provinces in 1889 to a family of Bhumihar Brahmins.[2] He was the last of six sons and was then called Naurang Rai. His mother died when he was a child and he was raised by an aunt.[3]

The Kisan Sabha movement started in Bihar under the leadership of Saraswati who had formed in 1929 the

zamindari attacks on their occupancy rights, and thus sparking the farmers' movements in India.[4][5]

Gradually the peasant movement intensified and spread across the rest of India. All these radical developments on the peasant front culminated in the formation of the All India Kisan Sabha (AIKS) at the Lucknow session of the Indian National Congress in April 1936 with Saraswati elected as its first President[6] and it involved prominent leaders such as N. G. Ranga and E. M. S. Namboodiripad. The Kisan Manifesto, which was released in August 1936, demanded abolition of the zamindari system and cancellation of rural debts. In October 1937, the AIKS adopted the red flag as its banner.[7] Soon, its leaders became increasingly distant with Congress, and repeatedly came in confrontation with Congress governments in Bihar and United Province.[citation needed]

Saraswati organised the Bakasht Movement in Bihar in 1937–1938. "Bakasht" means self-cultivated. The movement was against the eviction of tenants from Bakasht lands by zamindars and led to the passing of the Bihar Tenancy Act and the Bakasht Land Tax.[8][9] He also led the successful struggle in the Dalmia Sugar Mill at Bihta, where peasant-worker unity was the most important characteristic.[10]

On hearing of Saraswati's arrest during the

All-India Swami Sahajanand Day in protest of his incarceration by the British Raj.[11]

Saraswati died on 26 June 1950.[12]

Subhash Chandra Bose, leader of the Forward Bloc, said:

Swami Sahajanand Saraswati is, in the land of ours, a name to conjure with. The undisputed leader of the peasant movement in India, he is today the idol of the masses and the hero of millions. It was indeed a rare fortune to get him as the chairman of the Reception Committee of the All India Anti-Compromise Conference at Ramgarh. For the Forward Block it was a privilege and an honour to get him as one of the foremost leaders of the Left movement and as a friend, philosopher and guide of the Forward Block itself. Following Swamiji's lead, a large number of front-rank leaders of the peasant movement have been intimately associated with the Forward Block.[11]

Publication

Saraswati's publications include:[13]

Books

  1. Bhumihar Brahmin Parichay (Introduction to Bhumihar Brahmins), in Hindi.
  2. Jhootha Bhay Mithya Abhiman (False Fear False Pride), in Hindi.
  3. Brahman Kaun?
  4. Brahman Samaj ki Sthiti (Situation of the Brahmin Society) in Hindi.
  5. Brahmarshi Vansha Vistar in Sanskrit, Hindi and English.
  6. Karmakalap, in Sanskrit and Hindi.

Autobiographical works

  1. Mera Jeewan Sangharsha (My Life Struggle), in Hindi.
  2. Kisan Sabha ke Sansmaran (Recollections of the Kisan Sabha), in Hindi.
  3. Maharudra ka Mahatandav, in Hindi.
  4. Jang aur Rashtriya Azadi
  5. Ab Kya ho?
  6. Gaya
    jile mein sava maas
  7. Samyukta Kisan Sabha, Samyukta Samajvadi Sabha ke Dastavez.
  8. Kisanon ke Dave
  9. Dhakaich ka bhashan

Ideological works

  1. Kranti aur Samyukta Morcha
  2. Gita Hridaya (Heart of the
    Gita
    )
  3. Kisanon ke Dave
  4. Maharudra ka Mahatandav
  5. Kalyan mein chapein lekh

Works related to peasantry and Zamindars

  1. Kisan kaise ladten hain?
  2. Kisan kya karen?
  3. Zamindaron ka khatma kaise ho?
  4. Kisan ke dost aur dushman
  5. Bihar prantiya kisansabha ka ghoshna patra
  6. Kisanon ki phasane ki taiyariyan
  7. On the other side
  8. Rent reduction in Bihar, How it Works?
  9. Zamindari kyon utha di jaye?
  10. Khet Mazdoor (Agricultural Labourer), in Hindi, written in Hazaribagh Central Jail.
  11. Jharkhand ke kisan
  12. Bhumi vyavastha kaisi ho?
  13. Kisan andolan kyun aur kya?
  14. Gaya ke Kisanon ki Karun Kahani
  15. Ab kya ho?
  16. Congress tab aur ab
  17. Congress ne kisanon ke liye kya kiya?
  18. Maharudra ka Mahatandav
  19. Swamiji ki Diary
  20. Kisan sabha ke dastavez
  21. Swamiji ke patrachar
  22. Lok sangraha mein chapen lekh
  23. Hunkar mein chapein lekh
  24. Vishal Bharat mein chapein lekh
  25. Bagi mein chapein lekh
  26. Bhumihar Brahmin mein chapein lekh
  27. Swamiji ki Bhashan Mala
  28. Krishak mein chapein lekh
  29. Yogi mein chapein lekh
  30. Kisan sevak
  31. Anya lekh
  32. Address of the chairman, Reception Committee, The All India Anti-Compromise Conference, First Session, Kisan Nagar, Ramgarh, Hazaribagh, 19 & 20 March 1940, Ramgarh, 1940.
  33. Presidential Address, 8th Annual Session of the Kisan Sabha, Bezwada, 1944.

Translations into English

  • Swami Sahajanand and the Peasants of Jharkhand: A View from 1941 translated and edited by Walter Hauser along with the unedited Hindi original (Manohar Publishers, paperback, 2005).
  • Sahajanand on Agricultural Labour and the Rural Poor translated and edited by Walter Hauser Manohar Publishers, paperback, 2005.
  • Religion, Politics, and the Peasants: A Memoir of India's Freedom Movement translated and edited by Walter Hauser Manohar Publishers, hardbound, 2003.
  • Walter Hauser, along with K.C. Jha, (editor and translator of Swami Sahajanand's autobiography Mera Jivan Sangharsh – My Life Struggle) Culture, Vernacular Politics and the Peasants: India, 1889–1950, Delhi, Manohar, 2015.
  • Ramchandra Pradhan (editor and translator), The Struggle of My Life: Autobiography of Swami Sahajanand Saraswati, Delhi, Oxford University Press, 2018.

Biographies

Official recognition

The Government of India issued a commemorative stamp in commemoration of Saraswati on 26 June 2000 by Ram Vilas Paswan, the then Minister of Communications.[14][15]

The Indian Council of Agricultural Research gives the Swamy Sahajanand Saraswati Extension Scientist/ Worker Award.[16]

In 2001, a two-day Kisan Mahapanchayat was organised on the occasion of the 112th birth anniversary of Saraswati.[17]

Bihar Governor R. S. Gavai released a book on the life of Saraswati on his 57th death anniversary in Patna.[18]

Swami Sahajanand Postgraduate College is established in his home district Ghazipur (U.P.) in the pious memory of Swami Sahajanand.

See also

References

  1. ISBN 9781315438993
    .
  2. ISBN 978-0-19-568160-4
    .
  3. ^ "Swami And Friends – Arvind N. Das". virginia.edu.
  4. ISBN 978-81-250-2596-2
    .
  5. ^ Desai, Akshayakumar Ramanlal (1979). Peasant Struggles in India. Oxford University Press. p. 349.
  6. ISBN 978-81-250-2596-2
    .
  7. ISBN 81-7023-205-8
    .
  8. ISBN 9788184500004
    .
  9. ISBN 9780714632162
    .
  10. ISBN 9788171545278
    .
  11. ^
    ISBN 978-81-7824-104-3
    .
  12. ^ Mahotsav, Amrit. "Swami Sahajanand Saraswati". Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav, Ministry of Culture, Government of India. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
  13. ISBN 81-7714-097-3
    .
  14. ^ "Photo". pib.nic.in.
  15. ^ Chadha, Sushma (10 July 2000). "A dull June for philatelists". Financial Express. Archived from the original on 26 February 2009. Retrieved 23 February 2009.
  16. ^ "Indian Council of Agricultural Research Awards". Indian Council of Agricultural Research. 3 September 2008. Archived from the original on 31 May 2008. Retrieved 3 September 2008.
  17. ^ "Cong erred by joining RJD govt, says Rama Pilot". The Times of India. 23 February 2001. Retrieved 23 February 2009.
  18. ^ "Governor Pays Rich Tribute to Swami Sahajanand". PatnaDaily.com. 26 June 2007. Archived from the original on 1 October 2008. Retrieved 19 August 2008.

Further reading

External links

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