Saharanpur
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|
Saharanpur | |
---|---|
UTC+5:30 (IST) | |
PIN | 247001/02 |
Telephone code | 0132 |
Vehicle registration | UP-11 |
Airport | Sarsawa Airport |
Sex ratio | 1000/898 ♂/♀ |
Website | saharanpur |
Saharanpur is a city and a municipal corporation in Uttar Pradesh, India. It is also the administrative headquarters of Saharanpur district.
Saharanpur city's name was given after the Saint Shah Haroon Chishti.[2]
Saharanpur is declared as one amongst the 100 Smart Cities by MOUD as a part of Smart Cities Mission of the Government of India.
Historical
Medieval period
During the reign of
Mughal period
In the 16th century,
During the
The Sayyids and Rohillas
Mughal emperors Akbar and later
Ahmad Shah Durrani, the Afghan ruler who invaded Northwestern and Northern India in the 1750s, conferred the territory of Saharanpur as Jagir on Rohilla chief Najaf Khan, who assumed the title of Nawab Najeeb-ud-Daula and took up residence in Saharanpur in 1754. He made Gaunsgarh his capital and tried to strengthen his position against Maratha Empire attacks by entering an alliance with the Hindu Gurjar chieftain Manohar Singh. In 1759, Najeeb-ud-Daula issued a Deed of Agreement handing over 550 villages to Manohar Singh, who became the Raja of Landaura.
Maratha period
In 1757, the Maratha army captured the Saharanpur region, which resulted in Najeeb-ud-Daula losing control of Saharanpur to the Maratha rulers
British colonial period (1803–1947 AD)
When India rebelled in 1857 against the foreign Company's occupation, now referred to as the First War of Indian Independence, the Saharanpur and the present-day Muzaffarnagar Districts were part of that uprising. The centre of freedom fighters' operations was Shamli, a small town in the Muzaffarnagar region which was liberated for some time. After the uprising failed, British retribution was severe. Death and destruction was particularly directed against the Muslims of the region, whom the British considered as the main instigators of the rebellion. When social reconstruction started, the cultural and political history of Muslims began to revolve around Deoband and Aligarh.
Geography and climate
Saharanpur is located at 29°58′N 77°33′E / 29.97°N 77.55°E, about 130 kilometres (81 mi) south-southeast of Chandigarh, 170 kilometres (110 mi) north-northeast of Delhi, 65 kilometres (40 mi) north-northeast of Shamli and about 61 kilometres (38 mi) south-west of Dehradun. It has an average elevation of 291 metres (955 ft). Saharanpur is a part of a geographical doab region. Saharanpur district join four states together Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Haryana.
Climate data for Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 20 (68) |
22 (72) |
28 (82) |
41 (106) |
44 (111) |
46 (115) |
36 (97) |
35 (95) |
36 (97) |
34 (93) |
28 (82) |
24 (75) |
30 (86) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 13 (55) |
15 (59) |
20 (68) |
26 (79) |
30 (86) |
31 (88) |
29 (84) |
28 (82) |
27 (81) |
23 (73) |
18 (64) |
13 (55) |
23 (73) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 0 (32) |
4 (39) |
9 (48) |
14 (57) |
17 (63) |
23 (73) |
25 (77) |
25 (77) |
22 (72) |
16 (61) |
10 (50) |
1 (34) |
16 (61) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 30 (1.2) |
40 (1.6) |
20 (0.8) |
10 (0.4) |
10 (0.4) |
70 (2.8) |
240 (9.4) |
200 (7.9) |
120 (4.7) |
20 (0.8) |
0 (0) |
10 (0.4) |
830 (32.7) |
Average precipitation days | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 2.8 | 7.5 | 7.6 | 2.7 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 30.3 |
Source: Weatherbase[7] |
Demographics
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1901 | 66,254 | — |
1911 | 62,850 | −5.1% |
1921 | 62,261 | −0.9% |
1931 | 78,665 | +26.3% |
1941 | 105,622 | +34.3% |
1951 | 148,435 | +40.5% |
1961 | 185,213 | +24.8% |
1971 | 225,396 | +21.7% |
1981 | 295,355 | +31.0% |
1991 | 374,945 | +26.9% |
2001 | 455,754 | +21.6% |
2011 | 705,478 | +54.8% |
Source: [8]: 470–471 |
According to the
Males constitute of 52.7% of the total population while females constitute of 47.3% of the total population and thus, the city has a sex ratio of 891 females for every 1,000 males. The city has an average literacy rate of 76.32%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes account for 14.2% and 0.1% of the population respectively.[9] There are 233,196 people, constituting about 33% of the total population, who live in slums in the city.[8]
Roughly half of the city's population are
The most widely spoken language in Saharanpur is
Government and politics
Saharanpur city is governed by Saharanpur Municipal Corporation, erstwhile Municipal Council.[15] The city is divided into 4 zones and 70 wards,[16] represented by 70 councillors who were elected by municipal or local elections in 2017 for a five-year term.[17] The head of the administrative wing is the Municipal Commissioner, currently Ms.Gazal Bharadwaj,[18] while the head of the elected wing is the mayor, Dr Ajay Kumar Singh, from the BJP.[19][20]
The city is also part of the
Civic utilities
There is only one sewage treatment plant located in Saharanpur,[24] while most of the waste water is discharged into the Hindon river, further polluting it.[25]
Culture
Places of interest
Company Garden
The Saharanpur Botanical Gardens, known as the Company Garden and once the preserve of British East India Company, is one of the oldest existing gardens in India, dating to before 1750. Then named Farahat-Bakhsh, it was originally a pleasure ground set out by a local chief, Intazam ud-ullah. In 1817, it was acquired by the
In 1887, when the
Shakumbari Devi Temple
Siddhpeeth Shri Shakumbhari Devi Temple is an important and ancient Hindu temple. It is situated in the Shivalik hills in Behat tehsil, 40 km from Saharanpur in Uttar Pradesh.[29] It is one of the most visited pilgrimage centers in India. Every year lakhs of visitors visit the temple. Shakumbhari devi is a famous Shaktipeeth of maa Durga.[30]
Wood Carving City
Saharanpur, known as the "Wood Carving City," is a cultural and artistic hub in India noted for its hand-carved wooden artifacts.[31][32][33]
Archaeological site Hulas
Situated about 40 km south of Saharanpur is an archaeological site yielding evidence of late Harappan settlement dating back to 2000 BC. It is one of the few significant Harappan sites in Western Uttar Pradesh besides Alamgirpur (Meerut district) and Bargaon (also in Saharanpur district).
Transport
Two major National Highways pass through Saharanpur –
The Shahdara–Saharanpur light railway connecting
See also
- Battle of Saharanpur
- Saharanpuri
- Saharanpur district
- Saharanpur (Lok Sabha constituency)
References
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- ^ "History | District Saharanpur, Government of Uttar Pradesh | India". Archived from the original on 30 November 2020. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
- ^ History Archived 25 March 2023 at the Wayback Machine The Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 21, p. 369. 1909.
- ^ The Islamic World to 1600: Rise of the Islamic Empires (The Mughal Empire) Archived 2011-09-27 at the Wayback Machine
- ISBN 81-7387-103-5
- ISBN 978-0-231-12731-8.
- ^ "Saharanpur, India Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)". Weatherbase. Archived from the original on 23 May 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
- ^ a b c District Census Handbook Saharanpur Part-A (PDF). Lucknow: Directorate of Census Operations, Uttar Pradesh. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 July 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
- ^ a b District Census Handbook Saharanpur Part-B (PDF). Lucknow: Directorate of Census Operations, Uttar Pradesh. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 July 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
- ^ "Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (PDF). Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011. Archived from the original on 6 January 2019. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
- ^ a b "Table C-01 Population by Religion: Uttar Pradesh". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011. Archived from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
- ^ a b "2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue - Uttar Pradesh (Town Level)". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. Archived from the original on 3 June 2022. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
- ^ "52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India" (PDF). nclm.nic.in. Ministry of Minority Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
- ^ Syed Abdul Latif (1958), An Outline of the cultural history of India, Oriental Books, 1979,
... Khari Boli is spoken as mother-tongue in the following areas: (1) East of the Ganges, in the districts of Rampur, Bijnor and Moradabad,Bareilly, (2) between the Ganges and the Jamuna, in the districts of Meerut, Muzaffar Nagar, Azamgarh, Varanasi, May, Saharanpur and in the plain district of Dehradun, and (3) West of the Jamuna, in the urban areas of Delhi and Karnal and the eastern part of Ambala district ...
- ^ "Municipalities | District Saharanpur, Government of Uttar Pradesh | India". Archived from the original on 10 October 2020. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
- ^ "Ward Map". Saharanpur Nagar Nigam. Archived from the original on 17 September 2020. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
- ^ Desk, India com News (2 December 2017). "Saharanpur Municipal Corporation Election 2017 Results Winners' List". India News, Breaking News, Entertainment News | India.com. Archived from the original on 1 October 2018. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
- ^ "UP's unique ATMs installed to sensitize hands and discharge Masks for only ₹5, initiative receives praises". The Youth. 10 September 2020. Archived from the original on 28 November 2021. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
- ^ "Dr Ajay Kumar Singh (Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- SAHARANPUR(SAHARANPUR) – Affidavit Information of Candidate". Archived from the original on 18 May 2023. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
- ^ "Saharanpur Mayor Election Result 2023: BJP's Dr Ajay Kumar Singh wins by 8000 votes". livehindustan. 18 April 2023. Archived from the original on 18 May 2023. Retrieved 13 May 2023.
- ^ "BSP announces first list of candidates, banks on Gujjar-Jat-Muslim support". Hindustan Times. 22 March 2019. Archived from the original on 25 June 2019. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
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- ^ "Ashu-malik in Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections 2022". Archived from the original on 2 May 2022. Retrieved 26 June 2022.
- ^ "Untapped drains, under-used STPs continue to pollute Hindon, Yamuna rivers". Hindustan Times. 16 August 2019. Archived from the original on 1 October 2020. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
- ^ "New plan on the anvil to restore polluted stretches of Hindon river". Hindustan Times. 16 August 2019. Archived from the original on 1 October 2020. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
- ISBN 978-81-7387-211-2
- ^ "Joseph Dalton Hooker, Himalayan Journals, or Notes of a Naturalist ..., Kew (1854), vol. I, p. 5.
- ^ "Saharanpur Botanic Garden". Archived from the original on 24 March 2009. Retrieved 23 October 2008.
- ^ "Shakumbhari Devi Temple | District Saharanpur, Government of Uttar Pradesh | India". Archived from the original on 2 July 2022. Retrieved 26 June 2022.
- ^ "मां शाकम्भरी मन्दिर पर उमड़ा श्रद्धा का सैलाब, जानिए सिद्ध पीठ का पौराणिक महत्व". Archived from the original on 26 June 2022. Retrieved 26 June 2022.
- from the original on 24 January 2024. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
- ^ "Wood-carving industry: lending UP's Saharanpur identity but looking for a saviour". Hindustan Times. 11 February 2022. Archived from the original on 24 January 2024. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 January 2024. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
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