Sailor Moon (TV series)

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the 1992 television anime series. For the 2003 live action series, see Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon (2003 TV series). For the 2014 web series, see Sailor Moon Crystal.

Sailor Moon
美少女戦士セーラームーン
(Bishōjo Senshi Sērā Mūn)
GenreMagical girl
Anime television series
Directed by
Seasons5
Original run March 7, 1992 (1992-03-07) – February 8, 1997 (1997-02-08)
Episodes200 + 3 TV Specials (List of episodes)
Anime film series
icon Anime and manga portal

Sailor Moon,

dubbed
for release in various regions around the world, including North America, Southeast Asia, Greater China, Australia, Europe, and Latin America.

The series follows the adventures of the titular protagonist whose name is Usagi Tsukino, a middle school student who is given the power to become a Pretty Soldier. Joined by other Sailor Soldiers, she defends Earth against an assortment of evil villains. The anime also parallels the maturation of Usagi from an emotional middle school girl to a responsible young adult.

Following the success of the anime in the United States, the manga comprising its story was released there by Tokyopop. Sailor Moon's popularity has spawned numerous additional media based on its universe, including films, video games, and soundtracks. A second animated adaptation, Sailor Moon Crystal, which is a reboot series that more closely follows the manga, began streaming worldwide in July 2014.

Plot

See also: List of Sailor Moon characters

Sailor Moon (1992–1993)

Main article:
Sailor Moon (season 1)

A 14-year-old underachieving young schoolgirl named Usagi Tsukino meets a magical talking cat named Luna. Luna gives Usagi the ability to transform into a magical alter ego — Sailor Moon — tasked with locating the moon princess and battling the evil forces of the Dark Kingdom. When Usagi transforms for the first time into her magical sailor suit with Luna's help, she overreacts and reluctantly accepts her fate, not sure what has happened to her. At the time she does not know the enemies she will face, the friends she will make, or the experiences ahead of her.[4][5][6] As she moves forward, she accepts her fate, and realizes the importance of fighting evil.[7]

The Dark Kingdom — led by Queen Beryl — summons various monsters called Youma in order to sap energy from humans and feed it to an evil entity known as Queen Metaria. They also seek the Silver Crystal (「幻の銀水晶」, Maboroshi no Ginzuishō, lit. "Phantom Silver Crystal"), a gem capable of limitless power. As Usagi battles against the Dark Kingdom, she is joined by other girls also awakening as Sailor Soldiers: the timid but intelligent Ami Mizuno (Sailor Mercury), the hot-headed miko Rei Hino (Sailor Mars), the tomboyish but romantic Makoto Kino (Sailor Jupiter), and the aspiring idol Minako Aino (Sailor Venus). Minako is joined by Artemis, her feline advisor and Luna's partner. The Sailor Soldiers are often supported by the mysterious Tuxedo Mask whose civilian form is Mamoru Chiba, a college student with whom Usagi eventually becomes romantically involved.

After continually thwarting the Dark Kingdom and defeating several of its generals, Usagi awakens as the moon princess — Princess Serenity — and acquires the Silver Crystal. However, Mamoru is captured by the Dark Kingdom and brainwashed into working for them. The Sailor Soldiers learn of their past lives on Silver Millennium, an ancient kingdom on the moon. There, they served as Serenity's friends and bodyguards, and Serenity was in love with a prince from Earth named Endymion (Mamoru's past identity). However, the Dark Kingdom attacked and destroyed Silver Millennium, resulting in the deaths of Serenity, Endymion, and the Sailor Soldiers. Serenity's mother — Queen Serenity — used the power of the Silver Crystal to vanquish Queen Metaria and end the war. She also used the crystal to send the fallen Sailor Soldiers into the future to be reborn on Earth, hoping to give them a second chance at peace.

The Sailor Soldiers eventually pinpoint the location of the Dark Kingdom at the North Pole and travel there. However, Usagi's friends are killed trying to protect her from Queen Beryl's most powerful monsters, the DD Girls. Usagi faces the brainwashed Mamoru alone and frees him from Queen Beryl’s control. However, Mamoru is killed protecting Usagi while also striking down Queen Beryl. Using the Silver Crystal, she then faces Queen Beryl (who has fused with Queen Metaria) as Princess Serenity, defeating her with the help of the fallen Sailor Soldiers' spirits and the Silver Crystal's power. Usagi dies afterwards, but she is able to use the last of the Silver Crystal's power to resurrect herself, the Sailor Soldiers and Mamoru with one wish that they all get to live normal lives again. Everything on Earth is returned to normal, and no one (but Artemis and Luna) retain any memories of these events.

Sailor Moon R (1993–1994)

Main article: Sailor Moon R

Sometime later, a pair of extraterrestrials named

Wiseman
, a dark force that was manipulating the Black Moon Clan with the goal of destroying Earth. Chibiusa is able to summon the Silver Crystal of the future and aids in the destruction of Wiseman. Afterwards, Chibiusa returns to her own time, now freed from the Black Moon Clan's corruption.

Sailor Moon S (1994–1995)

Main article: Sailor Moon S

Some time later, the Sailor Soldiers encounter the Death Busters, an evil organization that is summoning monsters called Daimons to steal Heart Crystals from humans. Their intention is to locate three specific Heart Crystals that contain special Talismans. Joining the Sailor Soldiers are Haruka Tenoh and Michiru Kaioh, who operate as Sailor Uranus and Sailor Neptune respectively. The two are also seeking the Talismans for different purposes and come into conflict with the other Sailor Soldiers. Sailor Pluto returns to the present day as Setsuna Meioh; Chibiusa also returns, now donning her own magical girl identity of Sailor Chibi Moon.

The Death Busters eventually discover that Haruka and Michiru hold two of the Talismans and acquire them at the cost of their lives, but Setsuna — who holds the third — revives them. The Talismans create the Holy Grail, allowing Usagi to acquire a second form: Super Sailor Moon. The Death Busters' intentions then change to harvesting Heart Crystals en masse to resurrect the malevolent entity known as

Professor Tomoe. Unknown to her, Hotaru is also Sailor Saturn
, a Sailor Soldier capable of destroying and rebirthing entire planets. Haruka, Michiru and Setsuna fear that Saturn's awakening will result in Earth's destruction and plead for Usagi to kill her.

Mistress 9 is revealed to have been residing within Hotaru's body and awakens upon stealing Chibiusa's Heart Crystal. The Sailor Soldiers go to Mugen Academy to stop the Death Busters and save Chibiusa, Hotaru, & the world. Sailor Moon is the only one who is able to enter the academy thanks to Mistress 9, and Pluto sacrifices her life to save Uranus and Neptune who are able to make it in the academy as well. The other Sailor Soldiers erect a barrier to keep the enemy from destroying the city and the world. Mistress 9 then tricks Usagi into handing over the Holy Grail, allowing her to summon

Pharaoh 90 to destroy the Earth. Hotaru awakens as Sailor Saturn, destroys Mistress 9, and intends to sacrifice herself to stop Pharaoh 90, but Usagi is able to activate her Super form to destroy Pharaoh 90 and rescue Hotaru. Afterwards, Hotaru is reborn as a baby and returned to her father, now freed from the influence of the Death Busters. Uranus and Neptune then challenge Usagi to a fight to prove to them and everyone that she is the true Messiah
and the future queen of Silver Millennium. After the fight, they both acknowledge her as their queen and leave the city knowing their mission is now over and that it is in safe hands. Following this, Chibiusa receives a letter from her parents from the future wanting her to return home. She returns briefly, but soon travels back to the 20th century to help the Sailor Soldiers and Tuxedo Mask defeat the last Daimon monster, and decides to stay in the present a bit longer.

Sailor Moon SuperS (1995–1996)

Main article: Sailor Moon SuperS

Chibiusa remains in the present day to train as a Sailor Soldier. She meets an

Queen Nehelenia
— can be freed from the mirror she was sealed in.

Queen Nehelenia was once a queen of her own kingdom that was absorbed by vanity. In fear of losing her beauty, she consumed the dreams of her subjects to stay young. She sought the Golden Crystal in the possession of a priest named Helios (Pegasus's true form) and was sealed within a mirror by Queen Serenity as a result. Queen Nehelenia formed the Dead Moon Circus and used

Amazoness Quartet
who gives the crystal to Chibiusa. Using the crystal, Queen Nehelenia is defeated and begins to wither with age, forcing her back into the mirror she was once sealed within. Helios returns to his home realm of Elysion.

Much unlike the manga, the four Sailor Guardians of the Outer Planets- Haruka Tenoh, Michiru Kaioh, Setsuna Meioh and Hotaru Tomoe, do not make any appearances nor are they mentioned or referenced.

Sailor Moon Sailor Stars (1996–1997)

Main article: Sailor Moon Sailor Stars

Queen Nehelenia returns when

Sailor Galaxia
frees her and encourages her to seek revenge against the Sailor Soldiers especially Sailor Moon. The Outer Sailor Soldiers: Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, & Saturn return in their now Super forms to help out, Queen Nehelenia then places a curse on the mirrors throughout the city and affects almost everyone and she then targets Mamoru who is also affected by the curse and that will ultimately kill him and erase Chibiusa from existence. The Sailor Soldiers enter Queen Nehelenia's nightmare dimension to stop her. Usagi eventually comes to pity Queen Nehelenia's plight and is able to rid her of her negativity by activating her final form, Eternal Sailor Moon.

Shortly after these events, Mamoru leaves for the

Chibi Chibi
because of her limited vocabulary that usually involves the word "chibi" — also appears and begins living with Usagi.

Sailor Galaxia's past is eventually revealed. She once ended the Sailor Wars by sealing Chaos — the source of all malice — within her body. Unable to resist Chaos's influence, she separated her Star Seed from her body, and it took the form of Chibi Chibi. Sailor Galaxia steals the Star Seeds of Princess Kakyuu and all Usagi's companions, resulting in their deaths. This also includes Mamoru who was targeted and killed before he arrived in the United States. Chibi Chibi transforms into the Sword of Sealing and urges Usagi to kill Sailor Galaxia. However, Usagi instead uses the kindness in her own heart to free Sailor Galaxia of Chaos' corruption, effectively resurrecting all of the Sailor Soldiers, Princess Kakyuu, & Mamoru whose Star Seeds were taken. Normalcy is restored, and Mamoru and Usagi share a kiss under a full moon.

Production and broadcasting

Main article: List of Sailor Moon episodes

Naoko Takeuchi initially planned both the Sailor Moon manga and anime to only run for one season. Due to the season's popularity, Toei Animation asked Takeuchi to continue drawing her manga, but she initially struggled with developing another storyline to extend the series. At the suggestion of her editor, Fumio Osano, Takeuchi decided that the second season would focus on introducing Sailor Moon's daughter from the future.[8] To give Takeuchi time to write the Black Moon story arc, the anime team developed a filler arc known as Makai (Lit. Hell) Tree arc.

Sailor Moon is adapted from the 52 chapters of the series which was published in

Junichi Satō with Kazuko Tadano as a character designer. For the second season, Sato directed the Makai Tree arc while Kunihiko Ikuhara directed the Black Moon arc. The third and fourth seasons were directed by Ikuhara, with Ikuko Itoh taking the role of character designer starting from the third season. The fifth and final season was directed by Takuya Igarashi, with Katsumi Tamegai as the character designer.[9] The series premiered in Japan on TV Asahi on March 7, 1992, taking over the timeslot previously held by Goldfish Warning!,[citation needed
] and ran for 200 episodes until its conclusion on February 8, 1997.

Because the manga was often published during the anime's production, the anime would only lag the manga by a month or two.[10]: 93  As a result, "the anime follows the storyline of the manga fairly closely, although there are deviations."[11] Takeuchi has stated that due to Toei's largely male production staff, she feels that the anime version has "a slight male perspective."[11]

Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon consists of five separate seasons:

animated shorts. The anime series was sold as 20 volumes in Japan. By the end of 1995, each volume had sold approximately 300,000 copies.[10]
: 95 

English dub production and broadcast

In 1995, after a bidding war with Toon Makers & Renaissance-Atlantic Entertainment, who wanted to produce an American live-action/animated hybrid adaptation,[12] DIC Productions, L.P. (now Wildbrain), SeaGull Entertainment and Sachs Finley Media,[13] licensed the first two seasons of Sailor Moon for an English-language release in North America.[14] The Mississauga-based Optimum Productions was hired to dub the anime. Bob Summers wrote a new background score.[note 1] DIC had mandated cuts to content and length, which reduced the first 89 episodes by seven.[note 2] Their adaptation was created to capitalize on the success of Mighty Morphin Power Rangers.[15][16]

The series premiered in Canada on August 28, 1995 on

first-run syndication in the U.S. on September 11, but halted production in November 1995 after two seasons due to low ratings.[17][18] Despite moderate success in Canada, the U.S. airing struggled in early morning "dead" timeslots;[19] the series originally aired in the U.S. in morning and afternoon timeslots which Anne Allison describes as unsuitable for the target audience.[15] In contrast, due to the dubbing process being done in Canada, the series was considered Canadian enough to be screened in primetime as local content.[20] After the series was canceled, a fan petition that garnered over 12,500 signatures was created.[21] It caught the attention of General Mills, who, in 1997, agreed to sponsor and syndicate the Sailor Moon dub through The Program Exchange. This was later considered an early example of successful fan activism. [20] On June 9, 1997, re-runs of this canceled dub began airing on USA Network. That same year, production on the series' English dub was resumed with the last 17 episodes of the second season, Sailor Moon R, and was broadcast in Canada from September 20 to November 21, 1997, to wrap up lingering plot lines.[22]
On June 1, 1998, reruns of the series began airing on
Pioneer Entertainment handling home video distribution. This dub featured less censorship and was first broadcast on YTV in Canada and later on Toonami in the United States. The dub finished airing on Toonami on September 13, 2002.[23][unreliable source
].

Due to the series' resurgence of popularity in Japan, re-runs of the Sailor Moon series began on September 1, 2009 on

Tubi TV between July 15, 2016[28] and November 8, 2023; and with English audio on Crave between September 18, 2020[29] and September 17, 2023.[30] On November 28, 2014, Australian manga and anime publisher Madman Entertainment announced that they had re-acquired the rights to the "Sailor Moon" anime series for Australia & New Zealand and will release the series in uncut format with the Viz Media English adaptation in 2015.[31] Madman had previously held the Australian licence for Sailor Moon on VHS & DVD.[32]

Editing and censorship

During the original North American airing, some bathing scenes involving brief nudity were censored by having traces of water that are originally transparent and therefore showing areas of characters' bodies that were judged to be unsuitable for viewing by children were reworked visually so that the transparency is absent and the water as such is visually without detail other than color.

Sailor Moon's original North American release was the subject of heavy editing which resulted in large amounts of removed content and alterations that greatly changed the original work.[33] These changes altered almost every aspect of the show including character names, clothing, scenes and dialogue. Some scenes with brief nudity and bathing were also censored,[34] and any type of violence including violence against children was also removed.[15][35]

The series also faced censorship in various countries that ranged from changing a character's gender to removing gender fluidness in characters, or editing romantic pairings into close relationships between family members.[36][37][38][20] Sociology professor Rhea Hoskin specifies that the removal of homosexual and gender-fluid characters in the 1990s Sailor Moon highlights the exclusivity of what was otherwise representation of LGBTQ in a female-lead superhero show.[39] Modern releases restore the censored material cut from the original Japanese version.[40]

Music

See also: List of Sailor Moon soundtracks

JASRAC International Awards for most international royalties, owing largely to the popularity of Sailor Moon music in other nations.[41]

The first opening theme, Moonlight Densetsu (ムーンライト伝説, Mūnraito Densetsu, Lit. Moonlight Legend), was used for the first 166 episodes, being performed by DALI for the first two seasons[42][43] and then by Moon Lips for the next two seasons.[44][45] The second opening theme, for the remaining episodes, is "Sailor Star Song" performed by Kae Hanazawa.[46] The last ending theme, used for the series finale at episode 200, is Moon Lips's version of "Moonlight Densetsu".[9]

The DiC/Cloverway/Optimum English adaptation of the anime series used the melody of "Moonlight Densetsu" with very different English lyrics. At the time, it was unusual for anime theme songs to be translated, and this was one of the first such themes to be redone in English since Star Blazers.[47] The English theme has been described as "inane but catchy".[48] The Japanese theme is a love song based on the relationship between Usagi and Mamoru ("born on the same Earth"), whereas the English Sailor Moon theme rather resembles a superhero anthem.

"Moonlight Densetsu" was released as a CD single in March 1992, and was an "explosive hit."

Sailor Stars, came eleventh, and "Moonlight Densetsu" came sixteenth.[54]

Related media

Home releases

In Japan, Sailor Moon received VHS releases during its run. The first VHS was released on July 25, 1993.[55] Sailor Moon did not receive a DVD release until 2002. Mass-produced individual six-episode DVDs were released beginning on May 21, 2002.[56] On January 25, 2017, the Blu-ray collection of the series was released from June 14 during the franchise's 25th anniversary as Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon, and each seasons consisted 23 episodes per volume.[3]

In 2014, Viz Media announced plans to release the series in both

Blu-ray Disc and DVD format, with the first set released on November 11, 2014.[57] In addition, the first twenty-three episodes of their redub premiered on the streaming sites, Hulu and Neon Alley, beginning September 5, 2014.[58] The first part of season one was released on DVD and Limited Edition Blu-ray on November 11, 2014 and the second part was released on February 10, 2015.[59][60]
The last part of the anime series was released on November 12, 2019.

Films

During the series' broadcast run, three theatrical animated Sailor Moon films were produced: Sailor Moon R: The Movie (1993), Sailor Moon S: The Movie (1994), and Sailor Moon SuperS: The Movie (1995).[61][62][63] The films were released in December to line up with the winter vacations of Japanese schools. They were typically double features paired up with other anime films, and were thus usually an hour or less in length. Each film features an original story that takes place during the season it is based on.

Reception and legacy

Originally planned to run for only six months, the Sailor Moon anime continued due to its popularity, concluding after a five-year run.[64] In Japan, it aired every Saturday night in prime time at 7 p.m.[65][66] and its run there was very popular, with an average viewer rating of 11–12% for most of the series run.[65][67] Commentators detect in the anime adaptation of Sailor Moon "a more shonen tone", appealing to a wider audience than the manga, which aimed squarely at teenage girls.[68] The media franchise became one of the most successful Japan has ever had, reaching $1.5 billion in merchandise sales during the first three years. Ten years after the series completion, the series featured among the top thirty of TV Asahi's Top 100 anime polls in 2005 and 2006.[69][70] The anime series won the Animage Anime Grand Prix prize in 1993.[50] Sales of Sailor Moon fashion dolls overtook those of Licca-chan in the 1990s; Mattel attributed this to the "fashion-action" blend of the Sailor Moon storyline. Doll accessories included both fashion items and the Sailor Soldiers' weapons.[15] The first season holds an approval rating of 90% on review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, based on ten reviews. The site's consensus reads "Powerfully feminine and hypnotically cheesy, Sailor Moon's iconic anime still sparkles after all these years."[71][72]

Sailor Moon has also become popular internationally. Spain and France became the first countries outside Japan to air Sailor Moon, beginning in December 1993.

5)'s main draws, helping it to become the third-biggest network in the country), Poland, Russia, Italy, the Czech Republic, Mexico, Guatemala, Brazil, Ukraine, Belarus, Sweden, Germany, Bulgaria, Austria, Indonesia, Croatia, Hungary, Taiwan, Thailand, Romania and Hong Kong, before North America picked up the franchise for adaptation.[73]: 10–11  In 2001, the Sailor Moon manga was Tokyopop's best selling property, outselling the next-best selling titles by at least a factor of 1.5.[74]

Sailor Moon sparked a highly successful merchandising campaign of over 5,000 items[65] which contributed to demand internationally and translation into numerous languages. Sailor Moon has since become one of the most famous anime properties in the world.[69][70] Due to its resurgence of popularity in Japan, the series was rebroadcast on September 1, 2009. The series also began rebroadcasting in Italy in Autumn 2011, receiving permission from Naoko Takeuchi, who released new artwork to promote its return.[24]

Critics have commended the anime series for its portrayal of strong friendships[75] as well as for its large cast of "strikingly different" characters who have different dimensions and aspects to them as the story continues[76] and for an ability to appeal to a wide audience.[77] Writer Nicolas Penedo attributes the success of Sailor Moon to its fusion of the shōjo manga genre of magical girls with the Saint Seiya fighting teams.[68] According to Martha Cornog and Timothy Perper, Sailor Moon became popular because of its "strongly-plotted action with fight scenes, rescues" and its "emphasis on feelings and relationships", including some "sexy romance" between Usagi and Mamoru.[78] Usagi and Mamoru's romance has been seen as an archetype where the lovers "become more than the sum of their parts", promising to be together forever.[79] In contrast, others see Sailor Moon as campy[80] and melodramatic. Criticism has singled out its use of formulaic plots, monsters of the day[81] and stock footage.[82]

butch-femme
[85] and CBR called their relationship one of the most beloved, and complex, in the series.[86]

Patrick Drazen states that Sailor Moon has two kinds of villains, the "monster of the day" and the "thinking, feeling humans." Although this is common in anime and manga, it is "almost unheard of in the West."

MVM Films attributed the low sales to the United Kingdom release being of the dub only, and that major retailers refused to support the show leading to the DVD release appealing to neither children nor older anime fans.[87]

Due to

KBS 2 without issues and was "enormously" popular.[88]

Notes

  1. Madman Anime
    .
  1. ^ Sailor Moon end credits (DiC dub, 1995)
  2. ^ Sailor Moon DIC/Optimum dub, episodes 1-82 (1-89 uncut)

References

  1. ^ "美少女戦士セーラームーン DVD-COLLECTION Vol. 1". toei-video.co.jp. Toei Video. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved July 25, 2014.
  2. ^ "美少女戦士セーラームーン DVD-COLLECTION Vol. 2(完)". toei-video.co.jp. Toei Video. Archived from the original on October 18, 2014. Retrieved July 25, 2014.
  3. ^ a b "Sailor Moon 25th Anniversary Project". Sailor Moon Official (in Japanese). January 25, 2017. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
  4. ^ Sullivan, Meghan (June 9, 2014). "Sailor Moon: Crystal: "Act 1 - Usagi, Sailor Moon" Review". IGN. Ziff Davis. Archived from the original on February 12, 2015. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
  5. ^ Jones, Tim (November 2011). "Sailor Moon". T.H.E.M. Anime Reviews. Archived from the original on July 8, 2019. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
  6. ^ Christi (November 2011). "Sailor Moon". T.H.E.M. Anime Reviews. Archived from the original on September 24, 2019. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
  7. ^ Mammano, Michael (June 5, 2014). "Sailor Moon: Usagi Learns Her Lesson: Becoming a Star is Hard Work review". Den of Geek. Den of Geek World Ltd. Archived from the original on May 6, 2020. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
  8. ISBN 4063347834
    .
  9. ^ a b "Sailor Moon staff information". Usagi.org. Archived from the original on May 14, 2013. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
  10. ^
    ISBN 9781880656235
    .
  11. ^ a b Alverson, Brigid (May 27, 2011). "Sailor Moon 101: Pretty, Powerful, And Pure of Heart". MTV. Archived from the original on April 16, 2018. Retrieved April 16, 2018.
  12. ^ Arnold, Adam "OMEGA" (June 2001). "Sailor Moon à la Saban: Debunked – An Interview with Rocky Solotoff" (Q&A). Animefringe. Archived from the original on June 17, 2008. Retrieved June 22, 2008.
  13. ^ Tobenkin, David (November 21, 1994). "DIC targets girls with its 'Sailor Moon'" (PDF). Broadcasting. Retrieved October 16, 2021.
  14. ^ Benkoil, Dorian (February 18, 1995). "Move Over Power Rangers. Here Come's Japan's Sailor Moon". The Free-Lance Star. 111 (42): 27. Archived from the original on September 9, 2020. Retrieved January 22, 2016.
  15. ^
    S2CID 145517443
    .
  16. ^ Post, Washington (July 31, 1995). "Female superhero shoots for the marketing moon". Register-Guard: 3D. Retrieved January 22, 2016.[permanent dead link]
  17. ^ Watching Anime, Reading Manga: 25 Years of Essays and Reviews by Fred Patten page 50
  18. ^ Farago, Andrew (September 30, 2007). "Jason Thompson". The Comics Journal. Archived from the original on March 2, 2009. Retrieved September 16, 2011.
  19. ^
    ISBN 1880656647
    .
  20. ^ a b c Close, Samantha (May 2017). "Moon Prism Power!: Censorship as adaptation in the case of Sailor Moon" (PDF). Participations: Journal of Audience & Reception Studies. 14 (1). Chicago: DePaul University: 264–281. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 21, 2018. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
  21. ^ Matsumoto, Jon (June 19, 1996). "Fans Sending an SOS for 'Sailor'". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on January 17, 2016. Retrieved July 27, 2014.
  22. ^ Ortega, Mia. "Anime Petitions: Are they worth the effort?". Animefringe. Archived from the original on October 11, 2007. Retrieved July 21, 2009.
  23. ^ "AnimeNation Anime News Blog " Blog Archive " Ask John: What's the Current Status of Sailor Moon in America?". Animenation. December 2, 2005. Archived from the original on October 16, 2013. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
  24. ^
    ANIMAX. Archived from the original
    on September 12, 2011. Retrieved August 22, 2009.
  25. ^ "Worldwide 'Sailor Moon' Revival". ICv2. February 3, 2010. Archived from the original on March 16, 2010. Retrieved February 28, 2010..
  26. ^ a b "Viz Licenses Original Sailor Moon Anime Franchise". Anime News Network. May 16, 2014. Archived from the original on May 18, 2014. Retrieved May 17, 2014.
  27. ^ Sailor Moon Official Announcement Trailer. Viz Media. May 16, 2014. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved June 26, 2014 – via YouTube.
  28. ^ Primus, Jonathan (July 15, 2016). "Viz finally makes Sailor Moon available for streaming in Canada". WordPress. Archived from the original on October 19, 2016. Retrieved July 21, 2016.
  29. ^ Primus, Jonathan (August 25, 2020). "Crave to stream Viz's Sailor Moon dub in September". WordPress. Retrieved September 18, 2020.
  30. ^ Tai, Anita (August 28, 2023). "Crave Stops Streaming Sailor Moon Anime in Canada on September 17". Anime News Network. Retrieved November 13, 2023.
  31. ^ "Madmen Entertainment Acquires Sailor Moon Series and Sailor Moon Crystal". Anime News Network. November 28, 2014. Archived from the original on October 25, 2019. Retrieved February 21, 2020.
  32. ^ "Madman Announces Release Plans for First Sailor Moon Set". Anime News Network. January 23, 2015. Archived from the original on January 25, 2019. Retrieved January 25, 2019.
  33. ^ Cox, Gemma. "Shojo Classic - Sailor Moon". Neo Magazine. Archived from the original on March 17, 2009.
  34. SSRN 871098
    .
  35. ISBN 9780786452576. Archived
    from the original on September 9, 2020. Retrieved September 16, 2011.
  36. ^ Roncero-Mernandez, Sara (May 21, 2014). "Sailor Neptune and Uranus Come Out of the Fictional Closet". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on July 28, 2014. Retrieved July 20, 2014.
  37. ^ "Sailor Moon: 10 Ways The Series Changed Around The World". CBR. October 20, 2020. Retrieved February 27, 2022.
  38. ^ "Anime Censorship in the 90s and Early 2000s | Comic Book Legal Defense Fund". March 18, 2019. Archived from the original on December 4, 2019. Retrieved December 8, 2019.
  39. S2CID 201687131
    .
  40. ^ "This Is Not A Drill: All 200 Uncut Episodes Of Sailor Moon Are Coming To DVD, Blu-ray, And Hulu". www.themarysue.com. May 17, 2014. Archived from the original on October 26, 2018. Retrieved October 26, 2018.
  41. ^ "Takanori Arisawa Profile(E)". Arizm.com. Archived from the original on October 21, 2018. Retrieved October 13, 2008.
  42. ^ "/ セーラームーン". Toei-anim.co.jp. Archived from the original on August 27, 2011. Retrieved October 13, 2008.
  43. ^ "/ セーラームーン Ｒ". Toei-anim.co.jp. Archived from the original on June 24, 2011. Retrieved October 13, 2008.
  44. ^ "/ セーラームーン Ｓ". Toei-anim.co.jp. Archived from the original on June 24, 2011. Retrieved October 13, 2008.
  45. ^ "/ セーラームーン Ｓｕｐｅｒｓ". Toei-anim.co.jp. Archived from the original on June 24, 2011. Retrieved October 13, 2008.
  46. ^ "/ 美少女戦士セーラームーン セーラースターズ". Toei-anim.co.jp. Archived from the original on August 27, 2011. Retrieved October 13, 2008.
  47. ISBN 9780964954236
    . The American Sailor Moon even translated the Japanese show's signature opening song more or less intact, one of the few anime adaptations since Star Blazers to do so.
  48. ^ "Whoosh! In the News: Babes in toyland; Xena versus Sailor Moon". Whoosh.org. Archived from the original on November 6, 2008. Retrieved October 27, 2008.
  49. ^ セーラームーンのあゆみ 1992年 (in Japanese). Sailormoon. Channel.or.jp. Archived from the original on February 28, 2009. Retrieved July 21, 2009.
  50. ^ a b 第15回アニメグランプリ ［1993年5月号］ (in Japanese). Animage.jp. Archived from the original on September 13, 2009. Retrieved July 19, 2009.
  51. ^ 第16回アニメグランプリ ［1994年5月号］ (in Japanese). Animage.jp. Archived from the original on September 14, 2009. Retrieved July 19, 2009.
  52. ^ 第17回アニメグランプリ ［1995年5月号］ (in Japanese). Animage.jp. Archived from the original on September 15, 2009. Retrieved July 19, 2009.
  53. ^ 第18回アニメグランプリ ［1996年5月号］ (in Japanese). Animage.jp. Archived from the original on October 14, 2013. Retrieved July 19, 2009.
  54. ^ 第19回アニメグランプリ ［1997年6月号］ (in Japanese). Animage.jp. Archived from the original on December 13, 2010. Retrieved July 19, 2009.
  55. ^ 美少女戦士セーラームーン 1 (in Japanese). Tower Records. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved July 8, 2014.
  56. ^ "美少女戦士セーラームーン Vol. 1" (in Japanese). Toei Video Online Shop. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved July 8, 2014.
  57. ^ "Sailor Moon Set 1 Limited & Standard Edition Releases Are Now Available for Pre-Order!". RightStuf. July 5, 2014. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved July 6, 2014.
  58. ^ "Viz's Sailor Moon English Dub to Premiere on Hulu, Neon Alley on Friday". Anime News Network. September 3, 2014. Archived from the original on September 4, 2014. Retrieved September 3, 2014.
  59. ^ "North American Anime, Manga Releases, November 9–15". Anime News Network. November 11, 2014. Archived from the original on September 9, 2020. Retrieved July 17, 2015.
  60. ^ "Sailor Moon English Dub Clip Previews Volume 2". Anime News Network. February 2, 2015. Archived from the original on July 22, 2015. Retrieved July 17, 2015.
  61. ^ a b セーラームーンのあゆみ 1993年 (in Japanese). Sailormoon. Channel. Archived from the original on February 3, 2002. Retrieved November 15, 2015.
  62. ^ セーラームーンのあゆみ 1994年 (in Japanese). Sailormoon. Channel. Archived from the original on April 25, 2009. Retrieved July 21, 2009.
  63. ^ セーラームーンのあゆみ 1995年 (in Japanese). Sailormoon. Channel. Archived from the original on March 13, 2011. Retrieved July 21, 2009.
  64. ^ "Animazement Sailor Moon Voice Actors 2005". May 2005. Archived from the original on October 22, 2006. Retrieved January 18, 2007.
  65. ^ a b c Grigsby, Mary. "Sailormoon: Manga (Comics) and Anime (Cartoon) Superheroine Meets Barbie: Global Entertainment Commodity Comes to the United States" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on June 17, 2012.
  66. ^ "Akadot Retail". Archived from the original on August 4, 2008. Retrieved March 21, 2016.
  67. ^ "Bishoujo Senshi Sailor Moon TV episode guide". Usagi.org. December 22, 1994. Archived from the original on August 8, 2011. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
  68. ^
    ISBN 9782215079316
    .
  69. ^ a b "TV Asahi Top 100 Anime Part 2". Anime News Network. September 23, 2005. Archived from the original on April 22, 2019. Retrieved January 18, 2007.
  70. ^ a b "Japan's Favorite TV Anime". Anime News Network. October 13, 2006. Archived from the original on January 18, 2007. Retrieved January 18, 2007.
  71. ^ "Sailor Moon (1992 – 1993)". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango. Archived from the original on September 11, 2023. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  72. ^ "Sailor Moon". Rotten Tomatoes. Archived from the original on September 9, 2020. Retrieved July 21, 2020.
  73. ^
    ISBN 1880656728
    .
  74. ^ "ICv2 News – Sailor Moon Graphic Novels Top Bookstore Sales – Demonstrates Shoujo's Potential". ICv2. August 14, 2001. Archived from the original on July 20, 2011. Retrieved June 22, 2008.
  75. ISBN 9780765605610
    .
  76. ISBN 9780520245655
    .
  77. ISBN 1880656531
    .
  78. ^ Cornog, Martha; Perper, Timothy (March 2005). "Non-Western Sexuality Comes to the U.S.: A Crash Course in Anime and Manga for Sexologists" (PDF). Contemporary Sexuality: The International Resource for Educators, Researchers, and Therapists. 39 (3). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 3, 2016. Retrieved February 5, 2017.
  79. ^ "Platonic Eros, Ottonian Numinous and Spiritual Longing in Otaku Culture" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on August 7, 2011. Retrieved December 30, 2011.
  80. ^ Mays, Jonathon (April 6, 2004). "Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon – Review". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on April 29, 2009. Retrieved July 20, 2009.
  81. ^ Bertschy, Zac (August 10, 2003). "Sailor Moon DVD – Review". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on February 26, 2007. Retrieved February 17, 2007.
  82. ^ Merrill, Dave (January 17, 2006). "Sailor Moon Super S TV Series Complete Collection". Anime Jump. Archived from the original on May 10, 2006. Retrieved February 17, 2007.
  83. ^ Gooding-Call, Anna (November 9, 2018). "Sailor Moon: 20 Really Weird Fan Theories That Were Actually Confirmed". Screen Rant. Archived from the original on November 16, 2018. Retrieved February 17, 2021.
  84. ^ Brown, Rebecca (August 8, 2005). "An Introduction to Yuri Manga and Anime (page 2)". AfterEllen. Archived from the original on March 6, 2007. Retrieved March 29, 2020.
  85. ^ Subramian, Erin (2003). "Women-Loving Women in Modern Japan". Yuricon. Archived from the original on March 27, 2020. Retrieved March 27, 2020.
  86. ^ Gramuglia, Anthony (June 4, 2020). "Sailor Moon: The Complicated Romance of Sailor Uranus & Sailor Neptune". CBR. Archived from the original on July 13, 2020. Retrieved February 17, 2021.
  87. ^ a b Cox, Gemma (Spring 2006). "Anime Archive: Sailor Moon – The Most Popular Unsuccessful Series Ever?". NEO (18). Uncooked Media: 98.
  88. ISBN 0415285666. Archived
    from the original on September 9, 2020. Retrieved January 27, 2017.

External links

Wikiquote has quotations related to Sailor Moon (TV series).
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sailor_Moon_(TV_series)&oldid=1219804364"