Adalbert of Prague
Adalbert of Prague | |
---|---|
Bishop and Martyr | |
Born | c. 956 Libice nad Cidlinou, Duchy of Bohemia (now the Czech Republic) |
Died | 23 April 997 Święty Gaj or Primorsk, Prussia (now Poland or Russia) | (aged 40–41)
Venerated in | Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church |
Canonized | 999[1], Rome by Pope Sylvester II |
Major shrine | Gniezno, Prague |
Feast | 23 April |
Attributes | spears [2] |
Patronage | Poland, Czech Republic, Archdiocese of Esztergom, Archdiocese of Prague (primary), students of Polish literature |
Adalbert of Prague (
Adalbert was later declared the
Life
Early years
Born as
Episcopacy
In 981
Adalbert opposed the participation of Christians in the
In 995, the
After this, Adalbert could not safely stay in Bohemia and escaped from Prague. Strachkvas was eventually appointed to be his successor. However, Strachkvas suddenly died during the liturgy at which he was to accede to his episcopal office in Prague. The cause of his death is still ambiguous. The Pope directed Adalbert to resume his see, but believing that he would not be allowed back, Adalbert requested a brief as an itinerant missionary.[13]
Adalbert then traveled to
Mission and martyrdom in Prussia
Adalbert again relinquished his diocese, namely that of Gniezno, and set out as a missionary to preach to the inhabitants near
Adalbert achieved some success upon his arrival,[17] however his arrival mostly caused strain upon the local Prussian populations.[16] Partially this was because of the imperious manner with which he preached,[17] but potentially because he preached utilizing a book.[16] The Prussians had an oral society where communication was face to face. To the locals Adalbert reading from a book may have come off as a manifestation of an evil action. He was forced to leave this first village after being struck in the back of the head by an oar by a local chieftain, causing the pages of his book to scatter upon the ground. He and his companions then fled across a river.[16]
In the next place that Adalbert tried to preach, his message was met with the locals banging their sticks upon the ground, calling for the death of Adalbert and his companions. Retreating once again Adalbert and his companions went to a market place of
Veneration and relics
A few years after his martyrdom, Adalbert was
Notably, the Přemyslid rulers of Bohemia initially refused to ransom Adalbert's body from the Prussians who murdered him, and therefore it was purchased by Poles. This fact may be explained by Adalbert's belonging to the Slavniks family which was rival to the Přemyslids. Thus Adalbert's bones were preserved in
According to Bohemian accounts, in 1039 the Bohemian Duke
The massive bronze doors of Gniezno Cathedral, dating from around 1175, are decorated with eighteen reliefs of scenes from Adalbert's life. They are the only Romanesque ecclesiastical doors in Europe depicting a cycle illustrating the life of a saint, and therefore are a precious relic documenting Adalbert's martyrdom. We can read that door literally and theologically.
The one thousandth anniversary of Adalbert's martyrdom was on 23 April 1997. It was commemorated in Poland, the Czech Republic, Germany, Russia, and other nations. Representatives of
A ten-meter cross was erected near the village of Beregovoe (formerly Tenkitten), Kaliningrad Oblast, where Adalbert is thought to have been martyred by the Prussians.
Feast day
- 25 January – commemoration of translation of relics to Church of Saint Roch,[19]
- 22 April – commemoration in Diocese of Innsbruck,[20]
- 22 April – commemoration in Catholic Church in England and Wales,[21][22]
- 23 April – commemoration of death anniversary,[23][24]
- 14 May – commemoration of consecration of church in Aachen[25]
- 25 August – commemoration of translation of relics from Gniezno to Prague (1039)[26]
- 26 August – commemoration of translation of relics to Wrocław[25]
- 20 October – commemoration of translation of relics to Gniezno (1090)[27]
- 22 October – commemoration of translation of relics to Gniezno[28]
- 6 November – commemoration of translation of relics to Esztergom,[29]
He is also commemorated on 23 April by
In popular culture and society
The Dagmar and Václav Havel
St. Vojtech Fellowship was established in 1870 by Slovak Catholic priest Andrej Radlinský. It had facilitated
Churches and parishes named for Adalbert
See also
- History of the Czech lands in the Middle Ages
- History of Poland (966–1385)
- Congress of Gniezno
- Gniezno Doors
- Adalbert of Magdeburg
- Saint Adalbert of Prague, patron saint archive
- Statue of Adalbert of Prague, Charles Bridge
References
- ^ ""Saint Adalbert Bishop of Prague", Encyclopædia Britannica". Archived from the original on 2020-03-17. Retrieved 2020-01-30.
- ^ Stracke, Richard (2015-10-20). "Hungarian Saints: Adalbert, Martin, Stanislas, Emeric and Stephen". Christian Iconography. Archived from the original on 2019-02-05. Retrieved 2019-01-17.
- ISBN 978-0-86012-253-1.
- ^ Vlasto 1970, p. 123.
- ^ "Szent Adalbert". Katolikus.hu. Catholic Church in Hungary. Archived from the original on 27 February 2018. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
- ^ a b Molnar 1978, p. 12.
- ^ Vlasto 1970, p. 97.
- ^ a b Cosmas of Prague 2009, pp. 77–78.
- ^ Kalhous 2015, p. 10.
- ^ Cosmas of Prague 2009, p. 81.
- ^ Cosmas of Prague 2009, pp. 87, 156.
- ^ a b "St. Adalbert of Prague | Saint of the Day | AmericanCatholic.org". 2016-03-04. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2018-03-22.
- ^ a b ""St. Adalbert of Prague", Franciscan Media". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
- ^ a b Butler 2003, p. 181.
- ^ "Monks of Ramsgate. "Adalbert", Book of Saints (1921)". May 2012. Archived from the original on 2014-12-21. Retrieved 2012-09-20.
- ^ ISBN 978-609-425-152-8.
- ^ a b c d e ""St. Adalbert of Prague", Catholic News Agency". Archived from the original on 2020-10-08. Retrieved 2020-04-19.
- ^ "of Behemia's patron saint Adalbert find new resting place".
- ^ "Adalbert von Prag - Ökumenisches Heiligenlexikon". www.heiligenlexikon.de (in German). Archived from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 2022-08-19.
- ^ Direktorium 2022 (ab Advent 2021) für die Diözesen Innsbruck und Feldkirch.
- ^ "OFFICE FOR LITURGY". OFFICE FOR LITURGY. Archived from the original on 2022-08-19. Retrieved 2022-08-19.
- ^ "Local calendar information". universalis.com. Archived from the original on 2022-06-24. Retrieved 2022-08-19.
- ^ Catholic Church (2004). Martyrologium Romanum (2004).
- ^ "23 kwietnia: św. Wojciecha, biskupa i męczennika, głównego patrona Polski". ordo.pallotyni.pl. Archived from the original on 2022-08-19. Retrieved 2022-08-19.
- ^ a b "Adalbert von Prag - Ökumenisches Heiligenlexikon". www.heiligenlexikon.de (in German). Archived from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 2022-08-19.
- ^ "sv. Radim". catholica.cz. Archived from the original on 2022-08-19. Retrieved 2022-08-19.
- ^ "Translacja - święto patronalne św. Wojciecha". niedziela.pl (in Polish). Archived from the original on 2022-08-19. Retrieved 2022-08-19.
- ^ KAI, Katolicka Agencja Informacyjna (30 November 2001). "Gniezno: uroczystość Przeniesienia Relikwii św. Wojciecha | eKAI". eKAI | Portal Katolickiej Agencji Informacyjnej. Archived from the original on 2022-08-19. Retrieved 2022-08-19.
- ^ Veszprémy, László. "Szent Adalbert és Magyarország. Historiográfiai áttekintés. Ars Hungarica 26. (1998) 321-338". Archived from the original on 2023-05-17. Retrieved 2022-08-19.
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(help) - ^ "Das Kirchenjahr Evangelischer Sonn- und Feiertagskalender 2016/2017" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.
- ^ "Latin Saints of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Rome". www.orthodoxengland.org.uk. Archived from the original on 2022-05-20. Retrieved 2022-08-19.
Sources
- Butler, Alban (2003). Butler's Lives of the Saints. Liturgical Press. pp. 181–. ISBN 978-0-8146-2903-1.
- Vlasto, A. P. (1970). The Entry of the Slavs Into Christendom: An Introduction to the Medieval History of the Slavs. CUP Archive. ISBN 978-0-521-07459-9.
- Molnar, Enrico S. (30 April 1978). "St. Adalbert - Missionary to three countries". The Living Church. Morehouse-Gorham Company: 11–12.
- Kalhous, David (2015). Legenda Christiani and Modern Historiography. BRILL. pp. 10, 16, 26, 32, 44, 46, 57, 60, 72, 91–92, 111, 114–115, 117, 119, 130. ISBN 978-90-04-30589-2.
- Althoff, Gerd (2010). Otto III. Penn State Press. pp. 3, 14, 27, 49, 60, 65–71, 91, 96–97, 99, 127, 137–138, 141–143. ISBN 978-0-271-04618-1.
- Cosmas of Prague (2009). Wolverton, Lisa (ed.). The Chronicle of the Czechs. CUA Press. pp. 7–8, 15, 30, 49–50, 72, 75–83, 87, 96, 100, 107–109, 113–114, 117–120, 136, 156, 160, 176. ISBN 978-0-8132-1570-9.
- Donald Attwater and Catherine R. John, The Penguin Dictionary of Saints, Third Edition (New York: Penguin Books, 1993); ISBN 0-14-051312-4.
External links
- "Adalbert of Prague" in the Ecumenical Lexicon of Saints (in German)
- Rudolf Grulich. "Der heilige Adalbert von Prag – ein Wegbereiter Europas" (PDF) (in German). kirche-in-not.de. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.