Saint Isaac's Cathedral

Coordinates: 59°56′03″N 30°18′22″E / 59.9341°N 30.3062°E / 59.9341; 30.3062
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Saint Isaac's Cathedral
Исаакиевский Cобор
Isaakievskiy Sobor
Russian Orthodox
StatusMuseum, with church services in side chapel
Location
LocationSaint Isaac's Square 4, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Architecture
Architect(s)Auguste de Montferrand
StyleLate Neoclassical, Byzantine and Greek (cross church)
Completed1858
Specifications
Capacity12,000[1][2]
260,000 m3 (volume)[3]
Length104.5 m (interior)[3]
111.3 m (stairs)[3]
Width91 m (interior)[3]
97.6 m (stairs)[3]
Interior area7,000 m2 (interior)[2][4]
8,000 m2 (stairs)
Height (max)101.52 m (top cross)[1][5]
31.5 m (nave interior)[3]
80 m (dome ceiling)[6]
Dome dia. (outer)25.8 m[7]
Website
Cathedral.ru

Saint Isaac's Cathedral or Isaakievskiy Sobor (

Soviet government in 1931 and has remained a museum ever since, with church services held in a side chapel since the 1990s. In 2017, the Governor of Saint Petersburg offered to transfer the cathedral back to the Russian Orthodox Church
, but this was not accomplished due to the protests of St Petersburg citizens opposing the offer.

History

Design model of the cathedral, 1818–1821, designed by Montferrand, wood, plaster, metal, oil paint, gilding, collection of St. Petersburg Academy of Arts

The church on

St Isaac's Square was ordered by Tsar Alexander I, to replace an earlier structure by Vincenzo Brenna, and was the fourth consecutive church standing at this place.[8] A specially appointed commission examined several designs, including that of the French-born architect Auguste de Montferrand (1786–1858), who had studied in the atelier of Napoleon's designer, Charles Percier. Montferrand's design was criticised by some members of the commission for the dry and allegedly boring rhythm of its four identical pedimented octastyle porticos. It was also suggested that despite gigantic dimensions, the edifice would look squat and not very impressive. The members of the commission, which consisted of well-known Russian architects, were also particularly concerned by necessity to build a new huge building on the old unsecure foundation. The emperor, who favoured the ponderous Empire style
of architecture, had to step in and solve the dispute in Montferrand's favour.

The cathedral took 40 years to construct, under Montferrand's direction, from 1818 to 1858.

Kazan Cathedral).[10]

During

determine the positions of German artillery batteries
.

With the fall of communism, the museum was removed and regular worship activity has resumed in the cathedral, but only in the left-hand side chapel. The main body of the cathedral is used for services on feast days only.

On 10 January 2017 Georgy Poltavchenko, the governor of St. Petersburg, announced that the cathedral would be transferred to the Russian Orthodox Church [1]. The key protocols of the transfer were defined by the order issued by St. Petersburg's Committee on Property Relations on 30 December 2016. The document expired on 30 December 2018. The new order can be issued upon request from the Russian Orthodox Church, but no such request has yet been submitted.[2].

The transfer of Saint Isaac's Cathedral in use the ROC agreed in January 2017, but the decision has caused discontent of the townspeople, who defended the status of the museum. The decision of the city authorities was disputed in the courts.[11] Currently, the status of the building is museum.[12][13] Today, church services are held here only on ecclesiastical occasions.[14]

On 1 October 2021,

married at the cathedral in the first royal wedding to take place in Russia since 1917.[15]

Exterior

The

Villa Capra "La Rotonda", with a full dome on a high drum substituted for the Villa's low central saucer dome. The design of the cathedral in general and the dome in particular later influenced the design of the United States Capitol dome,[16] Wisconsin State Capitol in Madison, Wisconsin,[17] and the Lutheran Cathedral in Helsinki
.

The exterior is faced with gray and pink stone, and features a total of 112 red granite columns with Corinthian capitals, each hewn and erected as a single block: 48 at ground level, 24 on the rotunda of the uppermost dome, 8 on each of four side domes, and 2 framing each of four windows. The rotunda is encircled by a walkway accessible to tourists. 24 statues stand on the roof, and another 24 on top of the rotunda. The columns were made in Pyterlahti quarry in Virolahti, Finland

Dome

Montferrand's design of the dome is based on a supporting cast iron structure, and was only the third dome to be constructed this way.

The cathedral's main

statues of angels by Josef Hermann.[18] These angels were likely the first large sculptures produced by the then novel process of electrotyping, which was an alternative to traditional bronze casting of sculptures.[19] Montferrand's design of the dome is based on a supporting cast iron structure. It was the third historical instance of cast iron cupola after the Leaning Tower of Nevyansk (1732) and Mainz Cathedral (1826).[20]

With an internal height of 69 m [21] (from the floor to the level of the oculus), it ranks among the tallest domes in the world.

Interior

St. Isaac's Cathedral interior

The cathedral's

Battistero di San Giovanni in Florence, designed by Lorenzo Ghiberti. Suspended underneath the peak of the dome is a sculpted white dove representing the Holy Spirit. Internal features such as columns, pilasters, floor, and statue of Montferrand are composed of multicolored granites and marbles gathered from all parts of Russia. The iconostasis is framed by eight columns of semiprecious stone: six of malachite and two smaller ones of lazurite. The four pediments
are also richly sculpted.

The interior was originally decorated with scores of paintings by Karl Bryullov and other great Russian masters of the day. When these paintings began to deteriorate due to the cold, damp conditions inside the cathedral, Montferrand ordered them to be painstakingly reproduced as mosaics, a technique introduced in Russia by Mikhail Lomonosov. This work was never completed.

View of the interior space of the church
View of the interior space of the church

Technologies

A model of the wooden framework used to erect the columns of St. Isaac's Cathedral is on display inside.

galvanoplastic technology,[8]
making them only millimeters thick and very lightweight. St. Isaac's Cathedral represents the first use of this technique in architecture.

The meticulous and painstakingly detailed work on constructing the St. Isaac's Cathedral took 40 years to complete. This extended construction left an expression in the Finnish language, rakentaa kuin Iisakin kirkkoa ("to build like St. Isaac's Church"), for lengthy and never-ending megaprojects.

Gallery

  • The first St. Isaac's Church (Lithography of Auguste de Montferrand's drawing, 1710)
    The first St. Isaac's Church (Lithography of Auguste de Montferrand's drawing, 1710)
  • Vasily Surikov's view of the cathedral and the Bronze Horseman in front of it.
    Vasily Surikov's view of the cathedral and the Bronze Horseman in front of it.
  • Floorplan of St. Isaac's Cathedral
    Floorplan
    of St. Isaac's Cathedral
  • St. Isaac blessing the Emperor Theodosius and his wife Flaccilla[8]
    St. Isaac blessing the Emperor Theodosius and his wife Flaccilla[8]
  • St. Isaac's southern doors, made of bronze
    St. Isaac's southern doors, made of bronze
  • St. Isaac's western doors, detail showing the apostles Peter and Paul
    St. Isaac's western doors, detail showing the apostles Peter and Paul
  • Interior of the cathedral View a 360 Panorama here
    Interior of the cathedral View a 360 Panorama here
  • View of the main iconostasis, showing the malachite and lapis lazuli columns
    View of the main iconostasis, showing the malachite and lapis lazuli columns
  • Iconostasis of one of the side chapels
    Iconostasis of one of the side chapels
  • Shrine to the Wonderworking Tikhvin Icon of the Theotokos
    Shrine to the Wonderworking Tikhvin Icon of the Theotokos
  • The sanctuary, seen through the Holy Doors during Bright Week
    The
    Holy Doors during Bright Week
  • Interior of the great dome, honoring the Holy Spirit
    Interior of the great dome, honoring the Holy Spirit
  • View looking out from the cathedral onto Isaac Square
    View looking out from the cathedral onto Isaac Square
  • Photo from St Isaacs Cathedral
    Photo from St Isaacs Cathedral
  • St. Isaac's Cathedral at night
    St. Isaac's Cathedral at night
  • The columns were made in Pyterlahti quarry in Virolahti, Finland.
    The columns were made in Pyterlahti quarry in Virolahti, Finland.

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^ a b "Исаакиевский собор". Artnight.ru.
  2. ^ a b "Исаакиевский собор – сердце Петербурга". Austrianyard.com.
  3. ^
    ISBN 5-93893-160-6
    .
  4. ^ "Исаакиевский собор". Tonkosti.ru.
  5. ^ "Исаакиевский собор". Hotel-atlantic.ru.
  6. ^ "St.Isaac's Cathedral". Aviewoncities.com.
  7. ^ "ИСААКИЕВСКИЙ СОБОР".
  8. ^ a b c d e f "St. The first cathedral was built in honour of the Saint Isaac, saint patron of Peter the Great, founder of Saint Petersburg. By the end of the Paul I times on that place there was quite an ugly structure half decorated with marble blocks, half made of simple red bricks, which most of the contemporaries considered the symbol of the Paul's epoch. This was the result of Paul ordering his court architect, Brenna, to complete an earlier structure in marble by Rinaldi. Isaac's Cathedral". Nevsky Prospect. Retrieved 11 November 2011.
  9. ^ "Antireligious Museum" (in Russian). Saint Petersburg Encyclopaedia. Retrieved 12 November 2011.
  10. ^ История музея (in Russian). ГУК ГМП «Исаакиевский собор». Retrieved 12 November 2011.
  11. ^ "The transfer order from St. Isaac's Cathedral to the Russian Orthodox Church has expired". www.tech2.org. Retrieved 10 January 2019.
  12. ^ РПЦ осталась без Исаакиевского собора. www.kursk-izvestia.ru/ (in Russian). Retrieved 10 January 2019.
  13. ^ "ROC left without St.Isaac's Cathedral". www.latinscripts.com. Retrieved 10 January 2019.
  14. ^ "St. Isaac's Cathedral". www.saint-petersburg.com.
  15. ^ "After a century of waiting, Russians witness a royal wedding once more". NPR.org.
  16. ^ Ernest B. Furguson, Freedom Rising, page 54
  17. ^ "Wisconsin State Capitol" (PDF). National Register of Historic Places. p. 26. Retrieved 11 November 2011.
  18. ^ "St. Isaac's Cathedral". A view on cities. Retrieved 11 November 2011.
  19. ^ Gautier, Théophile; Tyson, Florence MacIntyre (1905). Russia, Volume 1. The J.C. Winston Co. p. 316. Twelve great gilt angels, taking the part of the caryatides, support consoles on which stand the bases of the pilasters which form the interior row of the dome and separate the windows. They are twenty-one feet high, and were made by the galvanoplastic process in four pieces, whose welding together is invisible. They could in this manner be made so light that, in spite of their dimensions, they would not be too heavy for the cupola. This crown of gilt angels, poised amid a flood of light, and shining with rich reflections, produces an extremely rich effect.
  20. ^ The office of the first Russian oligarch (in Russian)
  21. ^ "Архитектура". cathedral.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 14 August 2020.
  22. ISBN 978-0-7277-2939-2
    .
  23. ^ "An article about the cathedral". Archived from the original on 28 August 2011.
  24. ^ "An article about gilding".

Sources

  • Butikov, George (1974), St Isaac's Cathedral, Leningrad: Aurora Art Publishers

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Saint Isaac's Cathedral.

59°56′03″N 30°18′22″E / 59.9341°N 30.3062°E / 59.9341; 30.3062

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