Saint Vincent (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)

Coordinates: 13°15′N 61°12′W / 13.250°N 61.200°W / 13.250; -61.200
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
(Redirected from
Saint Vincent Island
)
"St. Vincent (island)" redirects here. For the island in the U.S. state of Florida, see St. Vincent Island (Florida).

Saint Vincent
Black 66%, East Indian 6%, Garifuna
2%, Mixed Race 19%, White 4%, Other 3%.

Saint Vincent is a volcanic

La Soufrière, is active,[1] with the latest episode of volcanic activity having begun in December 2020 and intensifying in April 2021.[2]

There were major territory wars between the indigenous population of the

Anglo-Caribbean islands. The main island consists of the capital Kingstown, with the rest of the island divided into, five main coastal strip towns of; Layou, Barrouallie, Chateaubelair, Georgetown, and Calliaqua
.

People

Kingstown, Saint Vincent

The people of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines are formally called Vincentians; colloquially they are known as "Vincies" or "Vincys". The majority of the island's population is of

Indian heritage
. There is also a sizable mixed-race minority (19%).

In 2012, the population of the island was approximately 130,000. The main religions are

Seventh-day Adventism and Spiritual baptism, as well as Hinduism
.

Adult literacy was 88.1% in 2004. Infant mortality in 2006 was 17 per 1,000 live births and life expectancy for men stood at 69 years, 74 years for women. The active workforce in 2006 was 57,695 and unemployment in 2004 was 12%.

History

Main article: History of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Before 1498, the island was called Hairouna by its indigenous inhabitants.[3] Christopher Columbus named the island Saint Vincent, since it is said to have been discovered on 22 January, the feast day of the patron saint of Lisbon and Valencia, Vincent of Saragossa.

The Spanish

conquistadors embarked on slaving expeditions in and around St. Vincent following royal sanction in 1511, driving the inhabitants to the rugged interior, but the Spanish were not able to settle the island.[4]
In the 1500s Columbus and the conquistadors noted there was a significantly large African population living amongst the native population, whom they assumed had come from shipwrecked slave ships or escaped from
Garifuna
.

The large population aggressively prevented European settlement on St. Vincent until the 18th century.

French colony

The first Europeans to occupy St. Vincent were the French. However, following a series of wars and peace treaties, these islands were eventually ceded to the British. While the English were the first to lay claim to St. Vincent in 1627, the French, centred on the island of Martinique, became the first Europeans to invade the island, establishing their first colony at Barrouallie on the Leeward side of St. Vincent in 1719.[5] African slaves were forced to cultivate coffee, tobacco, indigo, corn, and sugar on plantations operated by the French colonizers. Under French dominion, Saint Vincent was known as Ile Saint Marcouf.[6]

St. Vincent was ceded to

Treaty of Versailles (1783). Between 1793 and 1796, the Black Caribs, led by their chief, Joseph Chatoyer, fought a series of battles against the British. The combat ultimately ended in a treaty, after which 5,000 Garifuna were exiled to the smaller island of Baliceaux off the coast of Bequia. Conflict between the British and the indigenous peoples continued until 1796, when General Ralph Abercromby ended a revolt fomented by the radical Victor Hugues. The British deported more than 5,000 Black Caribs to Roatán, an island off the coast of Honduras
.

British colony

Engraving 'after Agostino Brunias' (ca 1801) entitled A Negro Festival drawn from Nature in the Island of St Vincent. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich

From 1763 until independence, St. Vincent passed through various stages of colonial status under the British. A representative assembly was authorized in 1776. The British abolished slavery in 1834. Like the French before them, the British made African slaves work plantations of sugar, coffee, indigo, tobacco, cotton and cocoa until full emancipation in 1838. The resulting labour shortages on the plantations attracted Portuguese immigrants, many of them of Jewish descent, in the 1840s, and

East Indians
in the 1860s as laborers.

After emancipation, the economy began a period of decline, with many landowners abandoning their estates and leaving the land to be cultivated by liberated slaves. Conditions remained harsh for both former slaves and immigrant agricultural workers, as depressed world sugar prices kept the economy stagnant until the turn of the 20th century. The

National African Company
.

A

La Soufriere volcano in 1812 and 1902 when much of the island was destroyed and many people were killed. The volcano erupted again in 1979, with no fatalities, and in 2020–2021.[2]

Self-rule and independence

St. Vincent and the Grenadines was granted associate statehood status by Britain on 27 October 1969, giving it complete control over its internal affairs. Following a referendum in 1979, St. Vincent and the Grenadines became the last of the Windward Islands to gain independence, on 27 October 1979, though it remains a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. It celebrates Independence Day every year on 27 October.[7]

Geography

The island of Saint Vincent is in the Lesser Antilles chain; it is 29 kilometres (18 mi) long and 18 kilometres (11 mi) wide and it is located 160 kilometres (99 mi) west of Barbados.

It is very mountainous and heavily forested. It has a 1,234-metre (4,049 ft) active volcano,

La Soufriere
, which erupted violently in 1812 and 1902. The most recent eruption was on 9 April 2021, which resulted in the evacuation of 20,000 residents.

The island has a total surface area of 344 square kilometres (133 sq mi), or about 88% of the total country area, 19 times that of the country's second largest island Bequia. The coastline measures about 84 kilometres (52 mi).

The climate is tropical and humid, with an average temperature of between 18 and 31 °C (64 and 88 °F) depending on altitude. More than 95% of the beaches on the mainland have black sand, while most of the beaches in the Grenadines have white sand.[citation needed]

For many years,[when?] this sand was used in the building industry. During recent times, because of destruction to the coastal areas, the government has restricted the amount of sand that may be removed from beaches, as well as the specific beaches from which sand may be removed. The sand is still used in construction of metalled roads, as it blends in with the colour of the asphalt used for road construction.[citation needed]

Biodiversity

Parrot Reserve (Richmond Forest Reserve)
IUCN category IV (habitat/species management area)
Coordinates13°16′42″N 61°11′00″W / 13.27833°N 61.18333°W / 13.27833; -61.18333
Area1,171.2 km2 (452.2 sq mi)
Websitewww.protectedplanet.net/parrot-reserve-richmond-forest-reserve-wildlife-reserve

Saint Vincent is home to

Sphaerodactylus vincenti.[8]

Volcanic activity

On 9 April 2021, the first 2021 eruption of La Soufrière occurred and another "explosive event" was reported two days later; eruptions were expected to continue for some time. Approximately 16,000 people were required to evacuate the area of their homes. Prime Minister Ralph Gonsalves made this comment to the news media: "water supplies to most of the island had been cut off and its airspace closed because of the smoke and thick plumes of volcanic ash moving through the atmosphere". An official added: "we are covered in ash and strong sulphur scents pervade the air ... take the necessary precautions to remain safe and healthy".[9] Carnival Cruise Line and Royal Caribbean International sent five ships in total, with a capacity of 7,500, to assist with the evacuation. Barbados dispatched a "humanitarian assistance and disaster response" mission to the island.[10]

Additional "explosive events" occurred on 11 April[11] and on 12 April. On that latter day, the volcano "continued to erupt explosively" and was generating "pyroclastic flows"[12][13] that were "destroying everything in its path".[14]

Popular culture events

In 2002, Saint Vincent was one of the filming locations for the American adventure fantasy film Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl. Filming took place from October 2002 through to March 2003, and several hundreds of the local inhabitants were hired as cast members.[15]

Educational institutions

Saint Vincent is home to a number of international accrediting medical schools:

  1. All Saints University School of Medicine
  2. Saint James School of Medicine
  3. Trinity School of Medicine
  4. American University of St. Vincent School of Medicine

In addition to the international schools, Saint Vincent is home to local educational schools.

See also

  • 1898 Windward Islands Hurricane

References

  1. ISBN 0-8160-3811-2
    .
  2. ^ a b Hodgson, Martin (8 April 2021). "St Vincent orders evacuations as volcanic eruption appears imminent". The Guardian.
  3. ^ "Review of the Indigenous Caribbean". indigenousreview.blogspot.com.au. Retrieved 26 March 2018.
  4. ^ Rogozinski, January 2000. A Brief History of the Caribbean: From the Arawak to the Present. Plume, New York, New York.
  5. ^ "st. Vincent Timeline". St. Vincent Genealogy Resources. Archived from the original on 21 March 2012. Retrieved 26 March 2018.
  6. OCLC 165892922. (see entry for the frigate Junon
    )
  7. ^ "Independence Day in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", timeanddate.com.
  8. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5
    . ("Vincent", p. 275).
  9. ^ "St Vincent volcano: Power cuts after another 'explosive event'". BBC. 11 April 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
  10. ^ Zitser, Joshua (11 April 2021). "Another 'explosive event' at St Vincent volcano has left the island struggling with power outages, limited water supplies, and blankets of ash". Business Insider. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
  11. ^ "St Vincent hit by power cuts after another 'explosive event'". The Guardian. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
  12. ^ Guzman, Joseph (12 April 2021). "Another explosive volcano eruption rocks St. Vincent". The Hill. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
  13. ^ Klemetti, Erik (12 April 2021). "More and Larger Explosions Rock St. Vincent as La Soufrière Lets Loose Pyroclastic Flows". Discover. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
  14. ^ Jones, Dustin (12 April 2021). "From Bad To Worse: La Soufrière Volcano Continues To Erupt". NPR.org. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
  15. ^ "The Making of Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (1/4)". redmorgankidd. Archived from the original on 18 November 2021. Retrieved 19 December 2012.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Saint Vincent (island).
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