Coluccio Salutati
Coluccio Salutati (16 February 1331[a] – 4 May 1406)[1] was an Italian Renaissance humanist and notary, and one of the most important political and cultural leaders of Renaissance Florence; as chancellor of the Florentine Republic and its most prominent voice, he was effectively the permanent secretary of state in the generation before the rise of the powerful Medici family.
Early career
Salutati was born in Stignano, a tiny commune near
Chancellor of Florence
In 1374 Coluccio received an appointment in Florence and the following year was appointed
In testimony to his service as chancellor the city of Florence paid 250 florins for his funeral in 1406.[11]
Cultural achievements
Coluccio's cultural achievements are perhaps even greater than his political ones. A skilled writer and orator, Coluccio drew heavily upon the classical tradition and developed a powerful prose style based on the Latin of
An admiring correspondent of Petrarch, he spent much of his salary on amassing a collection of 800 books, slightly less than his contemporary Niccolò de' Niccoli.[14] He also pursued classical manuscripts, making a number of important discoveries, the most important being Cicero's lost Letters to his Friends (Epistulae ad Familiares), which showed Cicero as a defender of republican liberty.[15] Coluccio also did important studies of history, tying Florence's origin not to the Roman Empire but to the Roman Republic.
He promoted the work of younger humanists such as
He also brought the Byzantine scholar Manuel Chrysoloras to Florence in 1397 to teach one of the first courses in Greek since the end of the Roman Empire. After Boethius, few Westerners spoke or read Greek. Many ancient Greek works of science and philosophy were not available in Latin translation. By Salutati's time, a few Latin texts of Aristotle had arrived in Europe via Muslim Spain and Sicily. These texts, however, had been translated from Arabic, rather than directly from the Greek. By bringing Chrysoloras to Florence, Salutati made it possible for a select group of scholars (including Bruni and Vergerio) to read Aristotle and Plato in the original ancient Greek.[17]
Notes
- ^ Some scholars such as Augusto Campana, Mario Martelli (’’Schede per Coluccio Salutati’’, Interpres, IX, 1989, pp. 237-25), and others support the date of 1332 on the basis of letters in which Salutati writes of his own age. This date of birth is also accepted by Harvard University Press for Coluccio Salutati's works edition (The I Tatti Renaissance Library).
References
- ^ Schwartz, Thomas G. (1934). A Biography of Coluccio Salutati (Feb 16, 1331 – May 4, 1406). Retrieved 14 February 2018.
- ^ Italian "Scimmia di Cicerone", with implied praise.Tanzini, Lorenzo. "Il cancelliere letterato". Medioevo (145/146). De Agostini: 100.
- Avignonese papacylasted from 1305 to 1367.
- ^ Witt, 2000:2.
- ^ Stephen Greenblatt, The Swerve: how the world became modern, 2011:123.
- ^ Witt, Ronald. In the Footsteps of the Ancients: The Origins of Humanism from Lovato to Bruni. Boston: Brill, 2000. Page 305
- ^ Witt, 2000:305
- ^ Gundersheimer, Werner L. The Italian Renaissance. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. 1965. Page 13
- ^ Tanzini, Lorenzo. "Il cancelliere letterato". Medioevo (145/146). De Agostini: 103.
- ^ Witt, 2000:313.
- ^ Caferro, William. John Hawkwood. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins. 2006. Page 315
- ^ Lauro Martines, The Social World of the Florentine Humanists, 1390–1460 :(Princeton) 1963:25.
- ^ Observed in Greenblatt 2011:
- ^ Brydges, Sir Egerton (1821). Res Literariæ: Bibliographical and Critical, for Oct. 1820. C. Beranger. p. 278. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
- ISBN 9781444192964. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
- ^ Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. .
- ^ Griffiths, Gordon, Hankins, James, and Thompson, David. The Humanism of Leonardo Bruni. Binghamton, NY: Medieval & Renaissance Texts & Studies. 1987. Page 23