Salvador, Bahia

Coordinates: 12°58′29″S 38°28′36″W / 12.97472°S 38.47667°W / -12.97472; -38.47667
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Salvador
Municipality
Municipality of Salvador
Município de Salvador
Lacerda Elevator
Panoramic view of the Vitória
neighborhood
UTC−3 (BRT)
Postal code
40000-001 to 42599-999
Area code+55 71
HDI (2010)0.759 – high[6]
Websitewww.salvador.ba.gov.br (in Portuguese)
Official nameHistoric Center of Salvador de Bahia
CriteriaCultural: (iv)(vi)
Reference309
Inscription1985 (9th Session)

Salvador

planned cities in the world, having been established during the Renaissance period. Its foundation in 1549 by Tomé de Sousa took place on account of the implementation of the General Government of Brazil by the Portuguese Empire
.

Centralization as a capital, along with Portuguese colonization, were important factors in shaping the profile of the municipality, as were certain geographic characteristics. The construction of the city followed the uneven

Pelourinho, is known for its colonial architecture, with historical monuments dating from the 17th century to the beginning of the 20th century, and was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985. The stage of one of the biggest Carnivals in the world (the biggest street party in the world, according to the Guinness World Records), the integration of the municipality to the UNESCO's Creative Cities Network
as the "City of Music", a unique title in the country, added to the international recognition of Salvador's music.

With more than 2.9 million inhabitants as of 2020, it is the most populous municipality in the Northeast, the third most populous in Brazil (

largest in the world. Also due to these urban-population dimensions, it is classified by the IBGE study on the Brazilian urban network as a regional metropolis. In its reports for the years 2014 and 2020, the Research Network of Globalization and World Cities (GaWC) classified Salvador as a global city
in the "Sufficiency" category (the smallest). Global city surveys by consultancy Kearney also included Salvador in the 2018 and 2020 annual reports, while excluding it in the 2019.

The economic center of the state, Salvador is also a

Novonor, Braskem, Neoenergy Coelba, and Suzano Papel e Celulose. In addition to companies, the city hosts or has hosted many cultural, political, educational, sports events and organizations, such as the Bahia State University, the Federal University of Bahia, the Brazilian Army Complementary Training School, the Brazilian Surfing Confederation, the 12th United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice (in 2010), the third Ibero-American Summit (in 1993), the 2003 Pan-American Judo Championship, the second Conference of Intellectuals from Africa and the Diaspora (in 2006),[7] the 1989 Copa América, the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup, the 2014 FIFA World Cup, and Group E of the women's football tournament in the 2016 Summer Olympics
.

History

See also: Timeline of Salvador, Bahia
Historical Affiliations

 Portuguese Empire 1549–1815
Dutch Brazil 1624–1625
United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves 1815–1823
 Empire of Brazil 1823–1889
Brazil Republic of Brazil 1889–present

Tomé de Sousa arrives in Bahia, 16th century.
Pelourinho
Dutch fleet commanded by Piet Pieterszoon Hein in Salvador during the unsuccessful 1624 invasion.
Salvador in 1875 during the Empire of Brazil.

Salvador lies on a small, roughly triangular peninsula that separates the

Ladeira da Barra neighborhood. Mistreatment of the Tupinambá by the settlers caused them to turn hostile and the Portuguese were forced to flee to Porto Seguro c. 1546.[13] An attempted restoration of the colony the next year ended in shipwreck and cannibalism.[14]

The present city was established as the fortress of São Salvador da Bahia de Todos os Santos ("Holy Savior of the Bay of All Saints")

Europeans in the Americas.[19] From a cliff overlooking the Bay of All Saints,[n 3] it served as Brazil's first capital and quickly became a major port for its slave trade and sugarcane industry.[21] Salvador was long divided into an upper and a lower city, divided by a sharp escarpment some 85 meters (279 ft) high.[22]
The upper city formed the administrative, religious, and primary residential districts while the lower city was the commercial center, with a port and market.

In the

Diocese of Luanda
on 13 January 1844 and its bishop still serves as the national primate and premier see (diocese) of Brazil.

In 1572, the

unsuccessfully besieging
it between April and May 1638.

Monument dedicated to the heroes of the battles of Bahia's independence from Portugal in the Campo Grande Square

In 1763, the colonial administration was removed to

Manuel Deodoro da Fonseca's later coup that established the republic in 1889.[17]

Owing to whales' use of the Bay of All Saints as a mating ground, Salvador became a large whaling port in the Southern Hemisphere during the 19th century but the trade had already begun to fall off by the 1870s.[16]

Under the

Joazeiro, the Bahia Central, the Nazareth Tramway, and a short line to Santo Amaro.[17] Its central districts and the major suburbs of Bomfim and Victoria were served by four streetcar lines,[16][17] which had begun to electrify.[17] It also served as a port of call for most steamship lines trading between Europe and South America.[17]

In 1985,

Historical Center, however, involved the forced removal of thousands of working-class residents and now necessitates local and municipal events in order to attract people to the area.[34] The relocated workers, meanwhile, have encountered significant economic hardship in their new homes on the city's periphery, separated from access to work and civic amenities.[35]

In 2007,

Arena Fonte Nova.[38] As part of its preparations for the World Cup, the city re-established its public transportation lines as the Salvador Metro
.

Geography

Climate

Salvador has a trade-wind

Köppen: Af). Temperatures are relatively consistent, showing little variance throughout the course of the year.[39] Salvador's driest months of the year are December and January, when the city receives on average less than 10 cm (4 in) of precipitation. Salvador's wettest months are April, May and June, when at least 20 cm (8 in) of rain falls during each of these three months.[40]

Climate data for Salvador (Bahia) 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1911–present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 34.3
(93.7) 		34.7
(94.5) 		37.0
(98.6) 		34.5
(94.1) 		31.6
(88.9) 		30.6
(87.1) 		30.7
(87.3) 		31.3
(88.3) 		30.7
(87.3) 		33.5
(92.3) 		33.5
(92.3) 		34.3
(93.7) 		37
(99)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 31.0
(87.8) 		31.1
(88.0) 		30.9
(87.6) 		29.6
(85.3) 		28.1
(82.6) 		27.1
(80.8) 		26.6
(79.9) 		26.7
(80.1) 		27.7
(81.9) 		29.1
(84.4) 		29.8
(85.6) 		30.6
(87.1) 		29.0
(84.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) 26.9
(80.4) 		27.1
(80.8) 		27.1
(80.8) 		26.4
(79.5) 		25.3
(77.5) 		24.3
(75.7) 		23.7
(74.7) 		23.6
(74.5) 		24.3
(75.7) 		25.4
(77.7) 		26.1
(79.0) 		26.6
(79.9) 		25.6
(78.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 23.8
(74.8) 		24.0
(75.2) 		24.1
(75.4) 		23.6
(74.5) 		22.8
(73.0) 		21.9
(71.4) 		21.1
(70.0) 		21.0
(69.8) 		21.5
(70.7) 		22.5
(72.5) 		23.1
(73.6) 		23.5
(74.3) 		22.7
(72.9)
Record low °C (°F) 19.8
(67.6) 		19.5
(67.1) 		18.7
(65.7) 		18.7
(65.7) 		18.0
(64.4) 		18.2
(64.8) 		17.5
(63.5) 		17.7
(63.9) 		17.6
(63.7) 		18.3
(64.9) 		18.9
(66.0) 		19.8
(67.6) 		17.5
(63.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 76.9
(3.03) 		98.7
(3.89) 		147.3
(5.80) 		284.9
(11.22) 		302.2
(11.90) 		237.6
(9.35) 		194.1
(7.64) 		129.7
(5.11) 		99.3
(3.91) 		91.0
(3.58) 		108.2
(4.26) 		63.4
(2.50) 		1,833.3
(72.18)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 9 9 11 16 18 19 18 16 11 8 8 7 150
Average
relative humidity
(%) 		78.7 79.4 80.6 83.3 85.1 84.9 83.4 82.1 81.2 80.0 80.4 79.3 81.5
Mean monthly sunshine hours 234.8 208.2 225.5 185.4 156.7 144.6 169.6 190.4 205.3 226.6 202.9 222.8 2,372.8
Source 1:
Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia[41][39][42][40][43][44][45]
Source 2: Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)[46]

Demographics

See also: Brazilians, Demographics of Brazil, and Immigration to Brazil
Rio Vermelho and Horto Florestal neighborhoods
View of Farol da Barra Lighthouse
Luís Viana Avenue (also known as Paralela Avenue). It connects the Financial Center to the North Zone of city (airport).

In 2010, the city of Salvador was the third-most populous city in

same-sex couples. The population of Salvador was 53.3% female and 46.7% male.[48]

Ethnic groups

Race and ethnicity in Salvador
Ethnicity Percentage
Multiracial
)
 
 49.1%
Black
 
 34.1%
White
 
 16.5%
Amerindian
 
 0.2%
Asian
 
 0.1%

According to the

Asian (0.1%).[50]

Salvador's population is the result of 500 years of

African, 36.3% European and 14.5% Native American.[53]
The study also analyzed the genetic backgrounds of people by type of surname. Those with surnames with a religious connotation were 53.1% African in genetic ancestry and tended to be in lower economic classes. During the colonial era, it was typical practice for Portuguese priests and missionaries to baptize converted African slaves and Native Americans with surnames of religious connotations. These have been passed down to their descendants.

A 2015 autosomal DNA study found out the following ancestral composition in Salvador: 50.5% of African ancestry, 42.4% of European ancestry and 5.8% of Native American ancestry.[54] The researchers explained they oversampled individuals living in poor environments (page 4).[54]

Another 2015 autosomal DNA found out Salvador to be 50.8% African, 42.9% European and 6.4% Native American.[55]

And another autosomal DNA study, also in 2015, found out Salvador to be: 50.8% European, 40.5% African and 8.7% Native American.[56]

Population growth

Changing demographics of the city of Salvador

Source: Planet Barsa Ltda.[57]

Religion

Protestant Church in Iguatemi neighborhood
A temple of Afro-Brazilian religious expression in Salvador.
See also:
Roman Catholic Church in Brazil

In Salvador, religion is a major contact point between Portuguese and African influences and, in the last 20 years, Brazil's version of a North American-influenced Pentecostalism.

Catholicism
.

Many religious orders came to the city, following its foundation: Franciscans, Benedictines and Carmelites. Subsequently, to them are created the Third Orders, the Brotherhoods, and Fraternities, which were composed mainly of professional and social groups. The most prominent of these orders were the Terceira do Carmo Order and the de São Francisco Order, founded by white men, and the Nossa Senhora do Rosário and São Beneditino Brotherhoods, composed of black men.[60] In many churches maintained by religious men, were housed the Santíssimo Sacramento brotherhoods.

Capilla de Nuestra Señora de la Concepción Solar do Unhão Salvador Bahía

Besides these organizations, the expansion of

Catholicism in the city was consolidated through social care work. Santa Casa the Misericórdia was one of the institution that did this kind of work, maintaining hospitals, shelters for the poor and the elderly, as well providing assistance to convicts and to those who would face death penalties.[60] The convents
, on their part, were cultural and religious formation centers, offering seminar coursed that often were attended by the lay.

Even with the present evolution, and the growth of

African Brazilian communities.[60]

Most enslaved Africans in Bahia were brought from

Jesus Christ
) and Oxalá. Another important feast is the Feast de Yemanja every 2 February, on the shores of the borough of Rio Vermelho in

Salvador, on the day the church celebrates Our Lady of the Navigators. 8 December, Immaculate Conception Day for Catholics, is also commonly dedicated to Yemanja' with votive offerings made in the sea throughout the Brazilian coast.[citation needed]

Religion Percentage Number
Catholic
 51.55% 1,379,252
Protestant
 19.59% 524,286
No religion 17.64% 471,928
Spiritist 3.23% 86,484
Umbanda and Candomblé 1.05% 28,019
Jewish 0.04% 1,010

Source: IBGE 2010.[61]

Economy

Main article: Economy of Brazil
Buildings on Tancredo Neves Avenue
The extreme southern point of the city in the neighborhood of Barra.
Skyscrapers
in Vitória neighborhood, the most expensive address in the city
Pelourinho

Throughout

Portuguese empire throughout the colonial era, maintaining close commercial ties with Portugal and Portuguese colonies in Africa and Asia.[62]

Salvador remained the preeminent city in Brazil until 1763 when it was replaced as the national capital by Rio de Janeiro. In the last ten years many high-rise office and apartment buildings were constructed, sharing the same blocks with colonial-era housing or commercial buildings.[63]

Aerial view of Iguatemi mall.

Salvador is the second most popular tourism destination in Brazil, after Rio de Janeiro.[64] Tourism and cultural activity are important generators of employment and income, boosting the arts and the preservation of artistic and cultural heritage.

Chief among the points of interest are its famous Pelourinho (named after the colonial pillories that once stood there) district, its historic churches,[65] and its beaches. Salvador's tourism infrastructure is considered one of the most modern in World, especially in terms of lodging. The city offers accommodation to suit all tastes and standards, from youth hostels to international hotels. Construction is one of the most important activities in the city, and many international (mainly from Spain, Portugal and England)[66] and national developers are investing in the city and in the Bahian littoral zone.

JAC Motors will have a plant in the Metropolitan Region of Salvador, in the city of Camaçari, the new industry will result 3,500 direct jobs and 10,000 indirect jobs, the production of 100,000 vehicles by year.[67]

In December 2001,

Monsanto Company inaugurated, at the Petrochemical Pole of Camaçari, in Metropolitan Region of Salvador, the first plant of the company designed to produce raw materials for the herbicide Roundup in South America. The investment is equivalent to US$500 million; US$350 million were spent in this initial phase. The Camaçari Plant, the largest unit of Monsanto outside of the United States, is also the only Monsanto plant manufacturing raw materials for the Roundup production line. The company started the civil works for the new plant in January 2000.[68]

Economy[69][70] GDP (in reais) GDP per capita (in reais)
2016 58 bilhões 19.505,84

Government and politics

Ruy Barbosa Forum
See also:
ACM Neto), governor of Bahia (Antônio Carlos), senator (Antônio Carlos and his son Antônio Júnior) and federal deputy (uncle Luís Eduardo and nephew ACM Neto). The control of the state of Bahia, and by extension Salvador, under political boss Antônio Carlos Magalhães was marked by an authoritarian style of clientelism known locally as carlismo.[72]

Since January 2021, the mayor of Salvador has been Bruno Soares Reis of the União Brasil party (DEM). The office of mayor has a 4 year term and works with a deputy mayor, also an elected 4 year position. The current deputy mayor is Ana Paula Matos (PDT). In recent decades, the position has been held by mostly members of center-right parties such as the Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB), Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB) and more recently the Democrats (DEM).

There are 43 councilors in the Salvador City Council, most recently elected in 2020. Geraldo Júnior (MDB) had been the president of the City Council.

Further information (in Portuguese): Salvador City Council [pt]

Tourism and recreation

Porto da Barra Beach in Barra
Afro-Brazilian
culture.
Cyclists in Pituaçu Park

The Salvador

All Saints Bay (the country's most extensive bay), the High City beaches, from Farol da Barra to Flamengo, are bordered by the Atlantic Ocean. The exception is Porto da Barra Beach
, the only High City beach located in the All Saints Bay.

The capital's beaches range from calm inlets, ideal for swimming, sailing, diving and underwater fishing, as well as open sea inlets with strong waves, sought by

surfers. There are also beaches surrounded by reefs
, forming natural pools of stone, ideal for children.

Interesting places to visit near Salvador include:

  • According to the British newspaper The Guardian, in 2007, Porto da Barra Beach was the third best in the world.[73]
  • The large island of
    Mercado Modelo
    near the Lacerda Elevator.
  • BA-099 Highway, or "Line of Coconut" and "Green Line" of towns and cities, with exquisite beaches, north of Salvador heading towards Sergipe
    state.
  • Morro de São Paulo in the Valença region across the Bay of All Saints – an island that can be reached by ferry from Salvador (2 hours), by plane, or by bus to Valença and then by 'Rapido' ('fast') speedboat or smaller ferry. Morro de São Paulo is formed by five villages of the Tinharé Island.

The city is served by many shopping malls, including Shopping Iguatemi,[74] Salvador Shopping,[75] Shopping Barra,[76] and Shopping Paralela.[77]

Salvador has four

parks
, green areas protected, as Jardim dos Namorados Park, Costa Azul Park, Park of the city, Park of Pituaçu.

Museo de Arte Moderno de Bahía - Solar do Unhão

Jardim dos Namorados is located right next to Costa Azul Park and occupies an area of 15 hectares in

Pituba, where many families used to spend their vacations in the 1950s. It was inaugurated in 1969, initially as a leisure area. It underwent a complete renovation in the 1990s, with the construction of an amphitheater with room for 500 people, sports courts, playgrounds and parking
for cars and tourist buses.

Park of the city is an important preservation area of the

Atlantic forest
. It was completely renovated in 2001, becoming a modern social, cultural and leisure place. The new park has 720 square meter of green area right in the middle of the city. Among the attractions are Praça das Flores (Flowers square), with more than five thousand ornamental plants and flowers.

Baiana

Besides its environment, the

children, with a special schedule of events taking place every October.[78]

Created by state decree in 1973, Pituaçu Park occupies an area of 450 hectares and is one of the few Brazilian ecological parks located in an

Atlantic forest, with a good variety of plants and animals. There is also an artificial pond in the park, built in 1906 along with the Pituaçu Dam, whose purpose was to supply water to the city.[79]

There are a number of possible leisure activities, ranging from cycloboats rides on the pond, to a 38 km (24 mi) long cycloway circling the entire reserve. A museum is also located in the park. Espaço Cravo is an outdoor museum with 800 pieces created by Mario Cravo, consisting of totems, winged and three-dimensional figures, as well as drawings and paintings.

Education

Archeology and Ethnology Museum of UFBA
The old Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia (FMB), the first medical school in the country, located in Pelourinho. In recent times, it serves as a museum.

Educational institutions

The city has several universities:

Primary and secondary schools

Top high schools of the city according to Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio are:[80]

  • Pan American School of Bahia
  • Colégio Marista
  • Colégio São Paulo
  • Colégio Oficina
  • Colégio Anchieta
  • Federal Institute of Bahia (IFBA)
  • Colégio Bernoulli
  • Cândido Portinari Academy
  • Colégio Antônio Vieira
  • Colégio Módulo
  • Military College of Salvador
  • Colégio Sartre Escola SEB
  • Colégio Integral
  • Colégio Gregor Mendel

Public safety

Salvador is one of the most crime-ridden cities in the country. The number of homicides increased 418% from 2000 to 2010. From 1998 to 2008, the number of homicides of youths between the ages of 15 and 24 increased 435.1%. Gun violence in the state of Bahia more than doubled in the period from 2004 to 2014, and the city is in the top ten for gun violence of the 26 state capitals of Brazil. In 2014 the state of Bahia had the most murders in the country. At the same time, Salvador has one of the lowest rates of suicide in the nation.[81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88]

Culture

See also: Culture of Brazil

Salvador's historical and cultural aspects were inherited by the intermarriage of such ethnic groups as Native-Indian, African and European. This mixture can be seen in the religion, cuisine, cultural manifestations, and custom of Bahia's people. African cultural practices are particularly celebrated.[89]

Forte de São Diogo in Barra neighborhood

Literature

Laser Scan preservationist project conducted by nonprofit CyArk
.

Father António Vieira was born in Lisbon in 1608, but was raised and educated in the Jesuit school of Salvador and died in the city in 1697. His erudite sermons have earned him the title of best writer of the Portuguese language in the Baroque era.[90]

After the

Tenda dos Milagres, the settings of which are in Salvador.[citation needed
]

Cuisine

Acarajé
is a traditional street food in Salvador.

The local cuisine, spicy and based on seafood (shrimp, fish), strongly relies on typically African ingredients and techniques, and is much appreciated throughout Brazil and internationally. The most typical ingredient is azeite-de-dendê, an oil extracted from a palm tree (Elaeis guineensis) brought from West Africa to Brazil during colonial times.[91]

Using the milky

Mercado Modelo, Sarapatel, stews and several fried dishes are served regularly. In the São Joaquim, Santa Bárbara and São Miguel markets, there are stands selling typical food. They are also sold at stands located on the beaches, specially crab stews and oysters. The restaurants that sell typical dishes are located mostly along the coast and in Pelourinho. They prepare a wide variety of recipes that take palm tree oil
.

Traditional dishes include

Northeast region
.

Capoeira

Capoeira in Salvador

legal.[95]
In recent years, Capoeira has become more international and accessible even in Salvador.

Museums

Pelourinho
Salvador's Street Carnival, one of the largest in the world

The artistic, cultural and social heritage of Salvador is preserved in museums. From Museu de Arte da Bahia (MAB), which is the oldest in the State, to Museu Náutico, the newest, the first capital of Brazil displays unique elements of history. Museu de Arte da Bahia has paintings, Chinese porcelain, furniture and sacred images from the 17th and 18th centuries. Museu Costa Pinto has privately owned items such as, pieces of art, crystal objects, and furniture from the 18th and 19th centuries. Museu da Cidade, where many items that help to preserve the heritage of old Salvador are kept. The Museum of Modern Art of Bahia, established in 1960, is located at a historic site on the Bay of All Saints, Solar da União.

Some

monasteries also have museums located in their premises. Examples of this are the Carmo da Misericórdia and São Bento museums. After the forts were renovated, Museu Náutico was established in the Forte de Santo Antonio da Barra (Farol da Barra) and the Museum of Communication in Forte São Diogo. Other important museums located in Salvador are: Museu do Cacau, State Museum of Geology, Museu tempostal, Solar do Ferrão, Museu de Arte Antiga e Popular Henriqueta M Catharino, Museu Eugênio Teixeira Leal, Museu Rodin Bahia
, and Museu das Portas do Carmo.

Public art

The streets of Salvador are decorated with numerous murals and sculptures, many of which have been produced by the resident artist Bel Borba, a native of the city.[96]

Carnival

Main articles: Bahian Carnival and Brazilian Carnival
Ondina Circuit, on Oceanic Avenue

The

tv stations, and 168 websites.[101]

The party official begins when Rei Momo ("King Momo", the King of Carnival) is handed the

samba-reggae
. Groups known as blocos participate, with the most famous being the blocos afros such as Malé Debalé, Olodum, and Filhos de Gandhi.

The parades are organized into separate circuits. The Osmar Circuit, the oldest, goes from Campo Grande to

Ondina along the coast. Since the Osmar Circuit is the oldest, it is where the event's most traditional groups parade. In Dodô, where the artist box seats are located, the party becomes lively toward the end of the afternoon and continues until morning
.

Music

Royal Portuguese Reading Cabinet interior view.

Black Bahia Funk Balls play more American music—including English music—than their counterparts in Rio, while Rio's music is considered inferior and less played.[citation needed] The local dancehalls which host the balls are also distinct.[103]

Matrix Radio, which includes difficult and otherwise impossible to find music of Salvador and Bahia and which consists of music formerly available in Cana Brava Records, formerly located in Salvador's Centro Histórico (Pelourinho), was named by British journal The Guardian as one of "10 of the best music radio stations around the world".[104]

Libraries

The first books that arrived in Salvador, were brought by the

bookstores that appeared were under the control of the religious missionaries and were mostly composed of books on religion
.

Handcrafts

Modelo Public Market.

The handcraft legacy of Bahia using only raw materials (straw, leather, clay, wood, seashells and beads), the most rudimentary crafts are reasonably inexpensive. Other pieces are created with the use of metals like gold, silver, copper and brass. The most sophisticated ones are ornamented with precious and semi-precious gems. The craftsmen and women generally choose religion as the main theme of their work.

They portray the images of Catholic saints and Candomble deities on their pieces. The good luck charms such as the clenched fist, the four-leaf clover, the garlic and the famous Bonfim ribbons express the city's religious syncretism. Nature is also portrayed on these pieces, reflecting the local wildlife. Music appears in the atabaque drums, the rain sticks, the water drums and the famous berimbau, along with other typical instruments.[106]

Salvador holds an international reputation as a city where musical instruments that produce unique sounds are made. These instruments are frequently used by world-famous artists in their recording sessions. The main handcrafts production in Salvador is located in

Mercado Modelo, which is the biggest handcraft center in Latin America.[107]

Pieces can also be purchased at Instituto de Artesanato de Mauá and at Instituto do Patrimônio Artístico e Cultural (IPAC). These are organizations that promote typical art in Bahia.

Transportation

Airport

Deputado Luís Eduardo Magalhães International Airport (SSA)

native vegetation. It is 28 km (17 mi) north of Central Salvador, and the road to the airport has already become one of the city's main scenic attractions.[108]

Salvador Air Force Base - BASV, a base of the Brazilian Air Force, is located in Salvador.

Port

Main article: Port of Salvador
Port of Salvador

With cargo volume that grows every year with the economic growth of the state, the

Bahia de Todos os Santos, is the port with the most movement of containers of the North/Northeast and the second-leading fruit exporter in Brazil
.

Metro

Main article: Salvador Metro
View of Salvador Metro

Salvador Metro System has been in operation since 2014. Its first stage was completed between Lapa and Acesso Norte stations and was later expanded to include new metro stations between Acesso Norte and Pirajá. Together, these segments form Line 1 of the system. In 2018, the system had 32 km (20 mi) and 20 stations and linked with the bus system.

The main shareholders in Metro Salvador are the

companies Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles, Dimetronic, and ICF. It is expected that Metro Salvador will invest US$150 million in rolling stock, signaling and telecommunications equipment. The contract covers the first 11.9 km (7.4 mi) line from Pirajá to Lapa, which was originally due to open in 2003. The project is also financed by a US$150 million World Bank loan and contributions from the federal, Bahia state, and Salvador city governments.[109]

Luís Eduardo Magalhães viaduct.

The creation of the system was one of the actions for urban mobility in preparation for the

Fonte Nova Stadium. Line 2 also integrates Rótula do Abacaxi and the neighboring beach city of Lauro de Freitas.[110]

Monorail

The two line SkyRail Bahia monorail network is due to open in 2022.[111]

Highways

The

Northeastern Brazil.[112] Salvador has 2,500 public buses, and 2 million people are transported every day.[113]

Salvador Bus Station.

The bus station (rodoviária) is in Iguatemi, with direct buses to larger cities in the country and to many other destinations in the state. On the second floor are the counters for the different bus companies, and on the first floor is a small supermarket and a 24 h left luggage. Across the street is a large shopping center, Iguatemi, with a food court, connected by a pedestrian crossing.[114]

Four paved

coconut palms. The communities along the coast range from fishing villages to Praia do Forte
.

Further information: Ladeira da Preguiça

Public transportation statistics

The average amount of time people spend commuting with public transit in Salvador, such as to and from work, on a weekday is 94 min, and 33% of public transit riders ride for more than 2 h every day. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is 33 min, and 70% of riders wait for over 20 min on average every day. The average distance that people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is 8 km, and 18% travel for over 12 km in a single trip.[115]

Neighborhoods

Barra
neighborhood in South Zone

Although the creation of Salvador was masterminded by the

neighborhoods grew and many of them were clustered in the same area, so today there are not accurate records as to their exact number. For urban management purposes, the city is currently divided on 17 political-administrative zones. However, due to their very cultural
relevance and to postal conveniences, the importance of the neighborhoods of Salvador remains intact.

Aerial view of Salvador

Salvador is divided into a number of distinct neighborhoods, which can be categorized by which geographic zone they are located in; West, South or East. The most well known districts, including

Ondina, with Salvador's Zoobotanical Garden
and the site where the Barra-Ondina Carnival circuit ends, the neighborhood is home of the Spanish Club, is also a neighborhood in the South Zone.

Itapoã, known throughout Brazil as the home of Vinicius de Moraes
and for being the setting of the song "Tarde em Itapoã", is located in the East Zone.

The Northwest area of the city along the Bay of All Saints, also known as Cidade Baixa ("Lower city"), contains the impoverished neighborhoods of

Afro-Brazilians of Salvador and Brazil.[116]

Pelourinho

Main article:
Historic Center (Salvador)
View of Largo do Pelourinho
Old houses in the historical center of Salvador.

The

Historic Center of Salvador was designated in 1985 a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.[32] The city represents a fine example of Portuguese urbanism from the middle of the 16th century with its higher administrative town and its lower commercial
town, and a large portion of the city has retained the old character of its streets and colourful houses.

As the first capital of

Pelourinho
, part of the city's upper town.

Since 1992, the

tourist attraction.[119]

Salvador's considerable wealth and status during

capital of the colony during 250 years and which gave rise to the Pelourinho) is reflected in the magnificence of its colonial palaces, churches and convents
, most of them dating from the 17th and 18th centuries. These include:

Sports

See also:
Sports in Brazil and 2014 FIFA World Cup
Pituaçu Stadium

Salvador provides visitors and residents with various sport activities. The

Itaipava Arena Fonte Nova with a capacity of 56,000 people. This stadium hosted matches of 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup and the subsequent 2014 FIFA World Cup, as well as the football competition in the 2016 Summer Olympics. The stadium is owned by the Bahia government, and is the home ground of Esporte Clube Bahia
. Its formal name honors Octávio Cavalcanti Mangabeira, a civil engineer, journalist, and former Bahia state governor from 1947 to 1954. The stadium is nicknamed Fonte Nova, because it is located at Ladeira das Fontes das Pedras. The stadium was in 2007 closed due to an accident, and the E.C. Bahia home matches now happen in another stadium, in Pituaçu.

EC Ypiranga with 10 titles of the Campeonato Baiano, Botafogo SC with 7, Galícia EC with 5, and AD Leônico
with 2.

Manoel Barradas Stadium

During the last decades,

teenagers and adults in Salvador. Boliche do Aeroclube and Space Bowling are equipped with automatic lanes as well as a complete bar infrastructure
.

Fonte Nova Arena

Bahia's basketball league exists since 1993 and has 57 teams. The sport is very popular in the city of Salvador, especially among students.[120] There are several courts scattered across the city, where is possible to play for free, like the one located at Bahia Sol square, where people play.[121] There are also several gymnasiums, in clubs like Bahiano de Tênis and Associação Atlética and the Antonio Balbino Gymnasiums (popularly known as "Balbininho"), which is an arena that can hold up to 7,000 people.

Todos os Santos Bay and Salvador's climatic conditions are ideal for competition and recreational sailing. The city is equipped with good infrastructure for practice of sailing, such as rental and sale of dock space, boat maintenance, restaurants, snack bar, convenience stores, nautical products stores, boat rental agencies, VHF and SSB communication systems, events, and total assistance to crews.[122] The large number of sailing events organized by clubs and syndicates, like oceanic races and typical boats (wooden fishing boats and canoes) races, demonstrates the sport's growing force. Currently, Salvador has a national racing schedule with dozens of events, also receiving the Mini Transat 6.50 and Les Illes du Soleil races.[122]

Rowing boat races started in the city more than a hundred years ago.[123] It was originally practiced by young men from traditional families, who spent their summer vacations there. The sport is a leisure option in Cidade Baixa (the lower part of the city). Esporte Clube Vitória
and Clube São Salvador were the pioneers in the sport. Nowadays, these two entities and also Clube de Regatas Itapagipe lead the competitions that take place in the city. With the recent renovation of the Dique do Tororó area, Salvador received new lanes for the practice of the sport.

Notable people

Popó, former professional boxer, World Champion in two weight classes.
Victoria's Secret Angel
since 2000
Dante in the UEFA Champions League with Bayern Munich
in 2014

International relations

Salvador's

twin towns and sister cities are:[124]

Country City State / Region Since
United States United States Los Angeles California 1962[124]
Portugal Portugal Lisbon
Lisboa Region
 1985[124][125][126]
Portugal Portugal Angra do Heroísmo Azores 1985[124]
Portugal Portugal Cascais Lisbon Region 1985[124]
Benin Benin Cotonou
Littoral Department
 1987[124]
Spain Spain Pontevedra Galicia 1992[124]
Cuba Cuba Havana
La Havana
 1993[124]
Italy Italy
Sciacca
 Sicily 2001[124]
China
 Harbin Heilongjiang 2003[124]
United States United States Miami Florida 2006[127]
China China China Chongqing China Government of China 2011

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The presented pronunciation in Brazilian Portuguese is [sawvaˈdoʁ] spoken around Brazil and most variants.
  2. ^ As late as the 19th century, it was also known in English as San Salvador,[16] although the general name continued to be "Bahia".[16][17]
  3. ^ Its exact position remains a matter of debate.[20]
  4. ^ This church was first rebuilt in stone and mortar in 1579 and then demolished in 1912 to widen a road. The present Church of Our Lady of Help is located a block away from the original site.[25]
  5. ^ This basilica was later rebuilt from 1656 to 1672.[26]
  6. ^ The development of the tramways and elevators, however, ended a long-running trade for porters and chairmen carrying people and goods up the steep staircase streets of the escarpment.[16]

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Bibliography

See also: Timeline of Salvador, Bahia § Bibliography
  • Romo, Anadelia A. Selling Black Brazil: Race, Nation, and Visual Culture in Salvador, Bahia (University of Texas Press, 2022) online review

[1]

External links

  1. ^ "Site Vagas em Salvador". Emprego em Salvador.
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