Salzburg Cathedral
Salzburg Cathedral | ||
---|---|---|
Cathedral of Saints Rupert and Vergilius | ||
Style Baroque | | |
Groundbreaking | 1614 | |
Completed | 1628 1959 (restoration) | |
Specifications | ||
Bells | 7 survived 2 (17th century) 5 (1960s)[1] | |
Administration | ||
Archdiocese | Salzburg | |
Clergy | ||
Archbishop | His Excellency Franz Lackner, O.F.M. | |
Laity | ||
Director of music | János Czifra (Domkapellmeister) | |
Organist(s) | Heribert Metzger |
Salzburg Cathedral (
History
Archbishop Arno (785–821) arranged the first renovations of the Dom, less than 70 years after its completion. In 842, the building burned after a lightning strike. Three years later, work began to rebuild the structure.
Under Archbishop Hartwig, the sanctuary expanded to the west with addition of a choir and crypt between 1000 and 1080. Archbishop Konrad I added the west towers from 1106 to 1147.
This original church, thus experienced at least three extensive building and rebuilding campaigns during the early Middle Ages, the final result of which was a somewhat ad hoc
Wolf Dietrich hired the Italian architect
The finished church is 142 meters long and 33 meters high at the crossing/dome.[6][dubious ] The baroque style of St. Rupert's can be seen in the choir and the nave.
The Salzburg Cathedral was damaged in 1944 during World War II when a single bomb crashed through the central dome over the crossing. Repairs were somewhat slow to take place, but restoration was complete by 1959.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was baptized here on 28 January 1756, the day after his birth.
Exterior
Salzburg Cathedral is located adjacent to Residenzplatz and Domplatz in the Altstadt (Old Town) area of the city. The Domplatz is accessed by three open arcade arches in the north, south, and west. These "cathedral arches" unite the cathedral with the Salzburg Residenz and St. Peter's Abbey to form a unique enclosed square measuring 101 meters long and 69 meters wide, with walls 81 meters high.[7]
The Domplatz is dominated by the Maria Immaculata (Immaculate Mary) column, commissioned by Archbishop Sigismund von Schrattenbach and executed by the brothers Wolfgang and Johann Baptist Hagenauer between 1766 and 1771.[7] Modeled after similar columns in Vienna and Munich and constructed of marble and cast iron, the Maria Immaculata depicts the Virgin Mary enthroned on a mountain of clouds made of Untersberg marble and a globe. The central Marian figure is surrounded on four sides by allegoric figures representing angels, the devil, wisdom, and the Church. According to a plaque on the side of the cathedral, the figure group shows reactions to the mystery of the Immaculate Conception—the angels are delighted, human wisdom vanishes, the envious devil growls, and the triumphant Church rejoices. When viewed from the center of the arcades at the back of Domplatz, the classicist column is positioned in the central axis of the cathedral and shows the central Marian figure surrounded by the angels on the cathedral façade and seems to wear the crown mounted on the building.[8]
The body of the church is made of dark grey stone with ornamentation and façade of bright Untersberg marble. The richly decorated façade is framed by two towers and topped by a curved gable. The north tower houses an old oven used for baking communion bread.[7] The façade is divided into three horizontal sections.[9] The lower section has three high round arches or portals that provide access to three bronze doors.[7] The portals are flanked by four large sculpted figures representing the diocesan and cathedral patrons. Mitred figures of Saint Rupert holding a salt barrel and Saint Virgilius holding a church were created c. 1660 by Bartholomäus van Opstal and flank figures of Saint Peter holding keys and Saint Paul holding a sword, sculpted c. 1697 by Bernhard Michael Mandl, who also created all the pedestals. The bases bear the arms of the Prince Archbishop Guidobald von Thun and Prince Archbishop Johann Ernst von Thun.[9]
Along the balustrade above the entrance are statues of the four evangelists—
The three bronze gates inside the portals date from 1957 and 1958 and represent the three divine virtues (Göttliche Tugenden) of faith, hope, and love. The Tor des Glaubens (gate of faith) on the left was created by Toni Schneider-Manzell (1911–1996), the central Tor der Liebe (gate of love) was created by Giacomo Manzù (1908–1991), and the Tor der Hoffnung (gate of hope) on the right was created by Ewald Mataré (1887–1965).[10]
Bells
The oldest bells in the cathedral are the Marienglocke and the Virgilglocke, both cast in 1628. On 24 September 1961, the cathedral added five new bells. The Salvator bell of the cathedral is the second largest bell in Austria, after the Pummerin bell in Vienna Cathedral. The clappers are held against the sound bow whilst the bells are raised, then released sequentially to give a clean start to the ringing. At the end they are successively caught again by the mechanism to silence the bells.[11]
Nr. [anm. 1] |
Name |
Year |
Caster |
Diameter (mm) |
Mass (kg) |
Note' (ST-1/8) |
Tower |
Inscription [German] |
1 | Salvator | 1961 | Robert Schwindt and Ing. Georg Sippel (de:Glockengießerei Oberascher) |
2790 | 14,256 | E♭0 +4 | North | [„Dich, Gott, loben wir, Dich Herr, preisen wir, Dich, den Vater unermessbarer Majestät, Deinen wahren und einzigen Sohn und den Heiligen Fürsprecher Geist. Wir loben in Ewigkeit Deinen Namen.“] |
2 | Rupertus | 1961 | Robert Schwindt and Ing. Georg Sippel (Glockengießerei Oberascher) |
2330 | 8,273 | G♭0 +4 | South | „Heiliger Rupertus, Schutzpatron unserer Erzdiözese, erhalte uns den Glauben!“ |
3 | Maria |
1628 | Wolfgang and Johann Neidhart | 1830 | 4,004 | B♭0 +4 | South | [„Heilige Maria, Pforte des Himmels, öffne deine Hilfen den Flehenden und halte alle Angriffe des widerwärtigen Feindes fern beim Klange dieses Metalles, das deinem glorreichen Namen geweiht hat Paris aus dem Geschlecht derer von Lodron, Erzbischof und Fürst von Salzburg im Jahre des Heiles 1628.“] |
4 | Josef | 1961 | Robert Schwindt and Ing. Georg Sippel (Glockengießerei Oberascher) |
1560 | 2,517 | D♭1 +4 | South | „Sankt Josef ist von Gott ersehn, das Werkvolk zu beschirmen. Das unbesiegt es möge stehen, in aller Zeiten Stürmen.“ |
5 | Virgil |
1628 | Wolfgang and Johann Neidhart | 1360 | 1,648 | E♭1 +4 | South | [„Hl. Rupert, Lehrer und getreuester Patron! Damit du für deine Herde die Ohren Gottes fleißig bestürmst und Pest, Hunger, Krieg und die Nachstellungen des Erzfeindes vertreibst, ließ diese Glocke dir weihen Paris aus dem Geschlecht derer von Lodron, Erzbischof und Fürst von Salzburg, im Jahre des Heiles 1628.“] |
6 | Leonhard | 1961 | Robert Schwindt and Ing. Georg Sippel (Glockengießerei Oberascher) |
1190 | 1,025 | G♭1 +4 | South | „Gott schütze die Salzburger Bauernschaft.“ |
7 | Barbara | 1961 | Robert Schwindt and Ing. Georg Sippel (Glockengießerei Oberascher) |
1040 | 715 | A♭1 +4 | South | „Heilige Barbara, Patronin der Sterbenden, bitte für uns!“ |
Gallery
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South façade from Kapitelplatz
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North façade from Petersfriedhof
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West façade
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South tower detail and Marian column
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Salzburg Cathedral location looking north
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Main nave
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Altar
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Ceiling
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Central dome
See also
References
Citations
- ^ "Die Glocken des Salzburger Domes (The Bells of Salzburg Cathedral)" (in German). salzburger-dom.at.
- ^ Friedrich 2007, p. 4.
- ^ a b Parsons 2000, p. 307.
- ^ Davenport 1932, p. 3.
- ^ Butler 2003, p. 139.
- ^ Baedeker's Handbook for Travellers in Southern Germany (1914) p.182
- ^ a b c d Friedrich 2007, p. 6.
- ^ "Domplatz & Marienstatue". Salzburg.info. Retrieved 9 April 2013.
- ^ a b c d "Salzburg Cathedral". Visit-Salzburg.net. Retrieved 10 April 2013.
- ^ a b c Friedrich 2007, p. 7.
- ^ Glockenfampf 2015.
Bibliography
- Bousfield, Jonathan; Humphreys, Rob (2001). The Rough Guide to Austria. London: Rough Guides. ISBN 978-1-85828-059-2.
- Butler, Alban (2003). Paul Burns (ed.). Butler's Lives of the Saints. Collegeville: Liturgical Press. ISBN 978-0-8146-2903-1.
- Davenport, Marcia (1932). Mozart. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN 978-0-88029-124-8.
- Friedrich, Verena (2007). Salzburg Cathedral. Passau: Kunstverlag Peda. ISBN 978-3-89643-674-0.
- Glockenfampf (24 September 2015). Salzburg (Austria) The bells of Salzburg cathedral. YouTube. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 6 September 2018.
- Maier, Dieter (1998). Insight Guide Austria. Singapore: APA Publications. ISBN 978-0-88729-610-9.
- Parsons, Nicholas T. (2000). Blue Guide Austria (Fourth ed.). London: A & C Black Publishers Ltd. ISBN 978-0-393-32017-6.
- Schulte-Peevers, Andrea (2007). Alison Coupe (ed.). Michelin Green Guide Austria. London: Michelin Travel & Lifestyle. ISBN 978-2-06-712325-0.
Annotations
- ^ Die Nummerierung der Glocken am Salzburger Dom erfolgt entgegen der Norm, der größten Glocke die N0. 1 zuzuordnen.
External links
- Salzburg Cathedral official website
- Salzburg Cathedral Museum
- Salzburg Cathedral at Tourismus Salzburg
- Salzburg Cathedral at Sacred Destinations