Samuel Byck

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Samuel Byck
Suicide by gunshot
Known forAttempting to assassinate
President Richard Nixon

Samuel Joseph Byck (January 30, 1930 – February 22, 1974) was an American hijacker and attempted assassin. On February 22, 1974, he attempted to hijack a plane flying out of Baltimore/Washington International Airport, intending to crash into the White House in the hopes of killing President Richard Nixon.[1] During the incident, Byck killed a policeman and a pilot, but was shot and wounded by another policeman before committing suicide.[2][3][4]

Early life

Born to poor Jewish parents in

high school in the ninth grade in order to support his impoverished family. He enlisted in the U.S. Army in 1954 and was honorably discharged in 1956. He married shortly thereafter, and fathered four children.[5]

Background

In 1972, Byck began to suffer from severe bouts of depression after his wife divorced him and several job-related financial failures.[6][7] He admitted himself to a psychiatric ward, for a two-month stay.[2] Byck began to harbor the belief that the Nixon administration was conspiring to oppress the poor.[5]

Byck came to the notice of the

Abraham Ribicoff of Connecticut, and composer Leonard Bernstein;[8][9] and had tried to join the Black Panthers
. The Secret Service considered Byck to be harmless, and no action was taken at that time.

Assassination attempt

Delta Airlines Flight 523
Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport, Atlanta
, U.S.
Occupants14
Fatalities3

In early 1974, Byck made his decision to assassinate Nixon and started to stalk him and follow his movements via news outlets.

Robert K. Preston in a stolen UH-1B Huey helicopter on February 17.[11]

Since Byck was already known to the Secret Service and because legal attempts to purchase a firearm might have resulted in increased scrutiny, Byck stole a .22 caliber revolver from his friend to use in the hijacking.[1] Byck also made a bomb out of two gallon containers of gasoline and an igniter.[12] All through this process, Byck made audio recordings explaining his motives and his plans; he expected to be considered a hero for his actions and wanted to fully document his reasons for the assassination.[13]

On Friday morning, February 22, 1974, Byck drove to the

Anne Arundel County Police Department officer attempted to shoot the tires of the aircraft to prevent its take-off, but the bullets fired from their police-issued revolvers failed to penetrate the aircraft's tires and ricocheted off, some hitting the wing of the plane.[2]

After a standoff between Byck and police on the jetway, Anne Arundel County police officer Charles Troyer fired four shots through the aircraft door at Byck with a .357 Magnum revolver taken from the deceased Ramsburg.[19] Two of the shots penetrated the thick window of the aircraft door and wounded Byck; before the police could gain entry to the plane, Byck committed suicide by shooting himself in the head.[2][3]

According to a special on the History Channel, he lived for a few minutes, dying after saying "help me" to one of the policemen who entered the plane after he had been shot.[1] A briefcase containing the gasoline bomb was found under his body.[9] The plane never left the gate, and Nixon's schedule was not affected by the assassination attempt, although he was in the White House at the time.[2]

It was subsequently discovered that Byck had sent a tape recording detailing his plan, which he called "Operation

Pandora's Box",[9][20] to news columnist Jack Anderson.[21][9][22] A review of records disclosed that Byck had been arrested twice for protesting in front of the White House without a permit, and that he later dressed in a Santa Claus suit for another protest.[2][8] Loftin, the flight's captain, recovered and resumed flying airliners several years later.[15]

In 1987, the Federal Aviation Administration produced a document entitled Troubled Passage: The Federal Aviation Administration During the Nixon–Ford Term 1973–1977, which mentioned Byck's failed hijacking: "though Byck lacked the skill and self-control to reach his target, he had provided a chilling reminder of the potential of violence against civil aviation. Under a more relaxed security system, his suicidal rampage might have begun when the airliner was aloft."[20]

Legacy

After Byck's failed assassination attempt and subsequent death, he faded into relative obscurity[23] except among members of security organizations;[24] however, one of the long-term consequences of Byck's failed kidnapping was that it helped spur, along with several other failed and successful hijackings,[25] the implementation of new security measures for airlines and airports.[26]

The 9/11 Commission Report mentioned Byck's attempted assassination of Nixon on page 561 in note 21:[27]

As part of his 34-page analysis, the attorney explained why he thought that a fueled Boeing 747, used as a weapon, "must be considered capable of destroying virtually any building located anywhere in the world." DOJ memo, Robert D. to Cathleen C., "Aerial Intercepts and Shoot-downs: Ambiguities of Law and Practical Considerations", Mar. 30, 2000, p. 10. "Also, in February 1974, a man named Samuel Byck attempted to commandeer a plane at Baltimore Washington International Airport with the intention of forcing the pilots to fly into Washington and crash into the White House to kill the President. The man was shot by police and then killed himself on the aircraft while it was still on the ground at the airport."

In popular culture

Byck is one of the (failed) assassins portrayed in Stephen Sondheim's and John Weidman's 1991 musical Assassins.[28] His role in the musical is built largely around his tapes sent to Leonard Bernstein and other famous public figures, which he is depicted recording during two scene-length monologues, the first addressed to Bernstein and the second to Nixon himself. Byck also wears a Santa Claus suit throughout the play in reference to an incident where he did so while protesting Nixon on Christmas Eve in 1973.[29][30][31]

A film based on his story, The Assassination of Richard Nixon, was released in 2004.[32] The film starred Sean Penn as Bicke (the surname spelling having been changed).[33]

The History Channel also ran a special on Byck entitled The Plot to Kill Nixon.[34]

References

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    S2CID 41008730
    .
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Hunter, Al (April 10, 2014). Winslow, Ethel; Dixon-Miller, Jeanne; Crawford, Judy (eds.). "The Plots to Kill Richard Nixon from the Sky, Part 2". The Weekly View. Indianapolis, Indiana: Eastside Voice Community News Media, Inc. Retrieved January 4, 2015.
  3. ^
    Google Newspapers
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  4. Google Newspapers
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  5. ^
    Grand Forks, North Dakota: University of North Dakota
    . pp. 1–27.
  6. LCCN 2020018466 – via Google Books
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  7. ^ Barber, James (February 28, 2019). Fryer-Biggs, Zachary; Bushatz, Amy; Hubbard, Rachael; Ruiz, Stephen; Blansett, Sarah (eds.). "Military Members Who Turned Extremist". Military.com. Weston, Massachusetts, United States of America: Military Advantage, Inc. (Monster Worldwide). Archived from the original on February 28, 2019. Retrieved August 22, 2021.
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    . Retrieved May 7, 2016.
  9. ^
    ISBN 978-1-62157-234-3
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  10. ISBN 978-0-19-532638-3. Retrieved August 22, 2021 – via Google Books
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  12. ISBN 978-0-87586-516-4. Retrieved August 22, 2021 – via Google Books
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  13. ^ Sam Byck Audio Tapes at YouTube
  14. ^ Cosgriff, Chris; Schutz, Mike; Weiss, Steven; Humphrey, W. Scott; Thacker, Katherine (eds.). "Officer George Neal Ramsburg". The Officer Down Memorial Page (ODMP). The Officer Down Memorial Page, Inc. Archived from the original on January 7, 2008. Retrieved August 22, 2021.
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    ISBN 978-1-78372-790-2. Retrieved August 22, 2021 – via Google Books
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  17. ^ a b Warder, Robin (March 26, 2014). Frater, Jamie (ed.). "10 People Who Committed Murder On Airplanes". Listverse. Listverse Ltd. Archived from the original on March 26, 2014. Retrieved August 22, 2021.
  18. ISSN 1072-7825. Archived from the original
    on September 28, 2012.
  19. OCLC 244481759. Archived from the original
    on June 21, 2021. Retrieved August 22, 2021.
  20. ^
    OCLC 16877473
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  22. ISBN 978-0-275-97952-2 – via Google Books
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  23. ^ Sotomayor, Eva (September 13, 2012). St. Onge, Natallie; Wells, Ben; Chun, Skyler; Ives, Charlotte; Stebnitz, Mason (eds.). "Rep's 'Assassins' slays Milwaukee audiences". Marquette Wire. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: Marquette University Student Media (Marquette University). Archived from the original on September 6, 2015. Retrieved August 22, 2021.
  24. OCLC 662526275
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  25. ^ Civil Aviation Security Service (1974). "Attempted Hijacking of Delta Airlines Aircraft at Baltimore, MD." (PDF). Worldwide Criminal Acts Involving Civil Aviation – 1974. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) (Report). Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Transportation. p. 3 – via Office of Justice Programs (United States Department of Justice).
  26. ^ Agard, Shon J. Murphy (May 1, 2012). "Chapter 1: Background" (PDF). In Dunlap, Scotty; Collier, Michael (eds.). Civilian aviation screening: A time-series analysis of confiscated firearms at screening checkpoints. Faculty of the Graduate School of Eastern Kentucky University (Master of Science). Dissertations & Theses. Richmond, Kentucky: Eastern Kentucky University. pp. 1–3 – via ProQuest.
  27. Hamilton, Lee H.; Ben-Veniste, Richard; Fielding, Fred F.; Gorelick, Jamie S.; Gorton, Slade; Kerrey, Bob; Lehman, John F.; Roemer, Timothy J.; Thompson, James R.; Zelikow, Philip D.; Kojm, Chris; Marcus, Daniel. "Notes". Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (9/11 Commission Report). National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (9/11 Commission) (Report). Washington, D.C.
    : Government Printing Office. pp. 449–567.
  28. ^ Brigatti, Larissa (May 22, 2018). Connolly, Ciara; Gibbons, Robert; Payne, Alice; Mahon, Gráinne (eds.). "'Assassins' slays at the gate: "Shoot a prez, win a prize!"". TN2 Magazine. Dublin, Ireland: Trinity College. Archived from the original on May 28, 2018. Retrieved August 22, 2021.
  29. ISBN 978-1-4408-0097-9. Retrieved August 22, 2021 – via Google Books
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  30. ISBN 978-1-135-70210-6 – via Google Books
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  31. ^ "Hijacker Had Picketed White House". The New York Times. Retrieved February 23, 2024.
  32. user-generated source
    ]
  33. OCLC 1645522
    . Retrieved August 22, 2021.
  34. user-generated source
    ]
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