Samuel Tyszelman

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Samuel Tyszelman
Born(1921-01-21)21 January 1921
Puławy, Poland
Died19 August 1941(1941-08-19) (aged 20)
Châtenay-Malabry, Hauts-de-Seine, France
NationalityFrench
Known forFrench Resistance

Samuel Tyszelman (born Szmul Cecel Tyszelman; 21 January 1921 – 19 August 1941) was a

communist who was a member of the French Resistance during World War II
(1939-1945). He and another man were arrested and executed for taking part in an anti-German demonstration. That started a series of assassinations and reprisals in which over 500 people were killed.

Life

Poster announcing that Tyszelman and Gautherot had been executed

Szmul Cecel Tyszelman was born in

Jewish.[2] During World War II (1939–1945), he was a member of the French communist resistance organization known as Bataillons de la jeunesse.[1] He was in a group named the Main-d'Oeuvre Immigrée, whose members were Jews who had migrated from Eastern Europe in the 1920s and the 1930s. In early August 1941, three of them (Tyzelman, Charles Wolmark and Elie Walach) stole 25 kilograms (55 lb) of dynamite from a quarry in the Seine-et-Oise.[3]

On 13 August 1941 Tyszelman, known as "Titi", was among a group of 100 young people, male and female, who walked out of the

Hitler! Vive La France!" French and German police intervened.[2] Germans soldiers opened fire, and Tyzelman was hit in the leg.[3]
>Gautherot fled but was pursued by a German civilian and caught in a porter's lodge at 37 Boulevard Saint-Martin.

Tyszelman, chased by German soldiers aided by an emergency police van of the 19th arrondissement, was finally arrested in a cellar of 29

Boulevard Magenta, where he had taken refuge.[4]

Tyszelman's tomb

On 14 August, the Militärbefehlshaber in Frankreich (MBF: "German Military Ruler in France") banned the French Communist Party and announced that anyone who in the future took part in a communist demonstration would be charged with aiding the enemy.[5] Tyszelman and Gautherot were tried by a German military tribunal and sentenced to death.[3] They were executed by firing squad on 19 August 1941 at the Vallée-aux-Loups in Châtenay-Malabry, Hauts-de-Seine.[1] Notices in black lettering on red paper were posted the same day to announce the sentence and the execution.[3]

Aftermath

Until this time the

Barbès metro station at eight in the morning.[2] When Adolf Hitler heard of Moser's death he ordered that one hundred hostages be executed at once. The German military commander in France, Otto von Stülpnagel, did not want to upset the Vichy government. He told Vichy he just wanted ten hostages, who would be shot if any Germans were attacked. On 27 August 1941 three Communists were sentenced to death by guillotine and were executed the next day.[7] Over the next few days five more communists who had taken part in Tyszelman's demonstration were shot and then three Gaullists.[8] This was the start of a series of assassinations and reprisals that resulted in five hundred French hostages being executed in the next few months.[9]

References

Notes

  1. ^ a b c Maitron 2015.
  2. ^ a b c Ce jeudi 21 août 1941 ... L'Humanité.
  3. ^ a b c d Moorehead 2011, p. 74.
  4. ^ Dänzer-Kantof 2004.
  5. ^ Kay, Rutherford & Stahel 2012, p. 297.
  6. ^ Porin 2004.
  7. ^ Moorehead 2011, p. 75.
  8. ^ Moorehead 2011, p. 75–76.
  9. ^ Hansen 2014, p. 31.

Bibliography

  • "Ce jeudi 21 août 1941, 8 heures". L'Humanité. 1994-08-23. Archived from the original on 2014-09-03. Retrieved 2015-06-06.
  • Dänzer-Kantof, Boris (2004). "Plaque en hommage à Henri Gautherot". DVD-ROM La Résistance en Ile-de-France. AERI. Retrieved 2015-06-06.
  • Hansen, Randall (2014). Disobeying Hitler: German Resistance After Valkyrie. Oxford University Press. p. 31.
    ISBN 978-0-19-992792-0
    . Retrieved 2015-06-06.
  • Kay, Alex J.; Rutherford, Jeff; Stahel, David (2012). Nazi Policy on the Eastern Front, 1941: Total War, Genocide, and Radicalization. University Rochester Press.
    ISBN 978-1-58046-407-9
    . Retrieved 2015-06-06.
  • Maitron, Jean (2015). "TYSZELMAN Szmul (Samuel), Cecel". Dictionnaire Biographique Mouvement Ouvrier Mouvement Social: Fusillés et exécuté. Retrieved 2015-06-06.
  • Moorehead, Caroline (2011-11-01). A Train in Winter: An Extraordinary Story of Women, Friendship and Survival in World War Two. Random House of Canada.
    ISBN 978-0-307-36667-2
    . Retrieved 2015-06-06.
  • Porin, Axel (2004). "Albert Ouzoulias". La Résistance en Ile-de-France. AERI. Retrieved 2015-05-21.
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