San Antonio
San Antonio | ||
---|---|---|
Emily Morgan Hotel | ||
City Manager Erik Walsh | | |
• City Council | List | |
Area City | 1,434,625 | |
• Estimate (2022) | 1,472,909 | |
• Rank | ||
• Density | 2,875.86/sq mi (1,110.37/km2) | |
• 726 | ||
FIPS code | 48-65000 | |
Website | www.SanAntonio.gov |
San Antonio (
Founded as a Spanish mission and colonial outpost in 1718, the city in 1731 became the first chartered civil settlement in what is now present-day Texas. The area was then part of the Spanish Empire. From 1821 to 1836, it was part of the Mexican Republic. It is the oldest municipality in Texas, having celebrated its 300th anniversary on May 1, 2018.[13][14][15]
Straddling the regional divide between
San Antonio was named by a 1691 Spanish expedition for the Portuguese priest
The
San Antonio is also the largest majority-Hispanic city in the United States, with 64% of its population being Hispanic.[23]
History
At the time of European encounter, the Payaya people lived near the San Antonio River Valley in the San Pedro Springs area. They called the vicinity Yanaguana, meaning "refreshing waters". In 1691, a group of Spanish explorers and missionaries came upon the river and Payaya settlement on June 13, the feast day of St. Anthony of Padua.[17] They named the place and river "San Antonio" in his honor.[24]
- Spanish Empire (1718–1821)
- Mexico (1821–1836)
- Republic of Texas (1836–1845)
- United States (1846–1861)
- Confederate States (1861–1865)
- United States (1865–present)
It was years before any Spanish settlement took place.
The families who clustered around the presidio and mission were the start of Villa de Béjar, destined to become the most important town in Spanish Texas.[26] On May 1, the governor transferred ownership of the Mission San Antonio de Valero (later famous as The Alamo) to Fray Antonio de Olivares.[5] On May 5, 1718, he commissioned the Presidio San Antonio de Béxar ("Béjar" in modern Spanish orthography) on the west side of the San Antonio River, one-fourth league from the mission.[25]
On February 14, 1719, the Marquis of
Under the leadership of
During the Spanish–Mexican settlement of Southwestern lands, which took place over the following century, Juan Leal Goraz Jr. was a prominent figure. He claimed nearly 100,000 sq miles (153,766 acres) as Spanish territory and held some control for nearly three decades; this area stretched across six present-day states. San Antonio was designated as Leal Goraz's capital. It represented Mexican expansion into the area. With his robust military forces, he led exploration and establishing Spanish colonial bases as far as San Francisco, California. Widespread bankruptcy forced Leal Goraz Jr.'s army back into the current boundaries of Mexico; they fell into internal conflict and turmoil with neighboring entities.
San Antonio grew to become the largest Spanish settlement in Texas; it was designated as the capital of the Spanish, later
In a series of battles, the
Upon his departure, the joint command of William Barrett Travis and James Bowie were left in charge of defending the old mission. The Battle of the Alamo took place from February 23 to March 6, 1836. The outnumbered Texian force was ultimately defeated, with all of the Alamo defenders killed. These men were seen as "martyrs" for the cause of Texas freedom and "Remember the Alamo" became a rallying cry in the Texian Army's eventual success at defeating Santa Anna's army.[31]
In 1845, the United States finally decided to annex Texas and include it as a state in the Union. This led to the Mexican–American War. Though the U.S. ultimately won, the war was devastating to San Antonio. By its end, the population of the city had been reduced by almost two-thirds, to 800 inhabitants.[33] Bolstered by migrants and immigrants, by 1860 at the start of the American Civil War, San Antonio had grown to a city of 15,000 people.
In the 1850s Frederick Law Olmsted, the landscape architect who designed Central Park in New York City, traveled throughout the Southern and Southwest U.S., and published accounts of his observations. In his 1859 book about Texas, Olmsted described San Antonio as having a "jumble of races, costumes, languages, and buildings", which gave it a quality that only New Orleans could rival in what he described as "odd and antiquated foreignness."[34][35] Following the Civil War, San Antonio prospered as a center of the cattle industry. During this period, it remained a frontier city, with a mixture of cultures that was different from other U.S. cities.
German immigrants founded smaller surrounding towns such as New Braunfels, Castroville, Boerne, Comfort, Fredericksburg, and Bulverde, all towns far out from San Antonio. However, the Germans were then drawn to San Antonio for work, and many buildings and streets still bear German names such as Wurzbach, Huebner, and Jones Maltsberger, and Wiederstein. The German impact on San Antonio was great, in the early 1900s it is estimated that at least 1/3 of San Antonio was ethnically German. Many descendants of German immigrants in San Antonio spoke Texas German up to the fifth or sixth generations. Texas German is a dialect of German that evolved when the German language was separated from Germany. Texas German is best described as an anglicized-German dialect with a Texas twang. Many older generations in New Braunfels and Fredericksburg still speak Texas German to this day.[36]
In 1877, following the
At the beginning of the 20th century, the streets of the city's downtown were widened to accommodate street cars and modern traffic. At that time, many of the older historic buildings were demolished in the process of this modernization.[37]
Since the late twentieth century, San Antonio has had steady population growth. The city's population has nearly doubled in 35 years, from just over 650,000 in the 1970 census to an estimated 1.2 million in 2005, through both population growth and land annexation (the latter has considerably enlarged the physical area of the city).[38] In 1990, the United States Census Bureau reported San Antonio's population as 55.6% Hispanic or Latino, 7.0% Black or African American, and 36.2% non-Hispanic white.[39]
The San Antonio Missions National Historical Park and The Alamo became UNESCO World Heritage sites in 2015 and the city was designated a UNESCO "City of Creativity for Gastronomy" in 2017, one of only 26 gastronomy creative cities in the world.[19]
With the increase in professional jobs, San Antonio has become a destination for many college-educated persons, most recently including African Americans in a reverse Great Migration from northern and western areas.[40][41]
Over 31,000 migrants who requested asylum have been released by the Border Patrol into the city in 2019 during the National Emergency Concerning the Southern Border of the United States.[42]
Geography
San Antonio is approximately 75 miles (121 km) to the southwest of its neighboring city,
The city's primary source of drinking water is the
Neighborhoods
Downtown
Downtown San Antonio, the city and metro area's urban core, encompasses many of the city's famous structures, attractions, and businesses. The central business district is generally understood to cover the northern half of the "Downtown Loop"—the area bordered by Cesar Chavez to the south. Due to the size of the city and its horizontal development, downtown accounts for less than one half of one percent of San Antonio's geographic area.[47] The Strip (north of Downtown) houses a concentration of clubs and bars catering to the LGBT community.[48]
North Central
North Central is home to several enclaves and upscale neighborhoods including Castle Hills, Shavano Park, Hollywood Park, Elm Creek, Inwood, Stone Oak, and Rogers Ranch. The area is also the location of upper-middle-class neighborhoods (Deerfield, Churchill Estates, Hunter's Creek, Oak Meadow, and Summerfield).
Northwest Side
Northwest Side is the location of the main campus of the University of Texas at San Antonio, the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, and the Northwest Campus of the University of the Incarnate Word, which includes the Rosenberg School of Optometry. The Medical Center District is also located in Northwest Side. Companies with headquarters in the area include Valero and NuStar Energy.
South Side
The South Side area of San Antonio is characterized for its predominantly Latino and Hispanic neighborhoods, an average above 81 percent.[49] Large growth came to South Side when Toyota constructed a manufacturing plant. Palo Alto College and the Texas A&M University-San Antonio are located in the area.
East Side
The East Side of San Antonio is home to the
West Side
The West Side is predominantly Hispanic/Latin American and working class, with pockets of wealth in the northwest and far west. African Americans are also located in parts of San Antonio's West Side.[51] The West Side has undergone gentrification as of 2019.[52] It includes the diverse neighborhoods of Avenida Guadalupe, Collins Garden, Las Palmas, Prospect Hill, Rainbow Hills (Marbach), San Juan Gardens, Loma Park, Loma Vista, Memorial Heights, and Westwood. It is also home to the historic Our Lady of the Lake University and St. Mary's University.
Flora and fauna
Natural vegetation in the San Antonio area (where undisturbed by development) includes oak-cedar woodland, oak grassland savanna, chaparral brush, and riparian (stream) woodland. San Antonio is at the westernmost limit for both Cabbage palmetto (Sabal palmetto) and Spanish moss.
The native Eastern Subterranean Termite (
Climate
San Antonio | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Climate chart (explanation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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San Antonio has a transitional
San Antonio receives about a dozen subfreezing nights each year, typically seeing snow, sleet, or freezing rain about once every two or three winters, but accumulation and snow itself are very rare. Winters may pass without any frozen precipitation at all, and up to a decade has passed between snowfalls. According to the
San Antonio and
Tornadoes within the city limits have been reported as recently as February 2017, although they seldom occur.[65] An F2 tornado lands within 50 mi (80 km) of the city on average once every five years. San Antonio has experienced two F4 tornadoes, one in 1953 and another in 1973. The 1953 tornado resulted in two deaths and 15 injuries.[66]
In San Antonio, July and August tie for the average warmest months, with an average high of 95 °F (35 °C). The highest temperature ever recorded was 111 °F (44 °C) on September 5, 2000.[67] The average coolest month is January. The lowest recorded temperature ever was 0 °F (−18 °C) on January 31, 1949.[67] May, June, and October have quite a bit of precipitation. Since recordkeeping began in 1871, the average annual precipitation has been 29.03 inches (737 mm), with a maximum of 52.28 inches (1,328 mm) and a minimum of 10.11 inches (256.8 mm) in one year.[68]
Climate data for San Antonio (San Antonio Int'l), 1991–2020 normals,[a] extremes 1885–present[b] | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °F (°C) | 89 (32) |
100 (38) |
100 (38) |
101 (38) |
104 (40) |
108 (42) |
107 (42) |
110 (43) |
111 (44) |
99 (37) |
94 (34) |
90 (32) |
111 (44) |
Mean maximum °F (°C) | 80.3 (26.8) |
84.9 (29.4) |
88.9 (31.6) |
92.2 (33.4) |
96.0 (35.6) |
98.9 (37.2) |
100.5 (38.1) |
102.1 (38.9) |
98.7 (37.1) |
93.1 (33.9) |
85.1 (29.5) |
80.6 (27.0) |
103.8 (39.9) |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 63.3 (17.4) |
67.5 (19.7) |
73.8 (23.2) |
80.3 (26.8) |
86.6 (30.3) |
92.4 (33.6) |
94.9 (34.9) |
96.0 (35.6) |
90.1 (32.3) |
82.2 (27.9) |
71.7 (22.1) |
64.7 (18.2) |
80.3 (26.8) |
Daily mean °F (°C) | 52.2 (11.2) |
56.3 (13.5) |
62.8 (17.1) |
69.4 (20.8) |
76.5 (24.7) |
82.6 (28.1) |
84.8 (29.3) |
85.5 (29.7) |
79.9 (26.6) |
71.3 (21.8) |
60.7 (15.9) |
53.5 (11.9) |
69.6 (20.9) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 41.0 (5.0) |
45.1 (7.3) |
51.8 (11.0) |
58.4 (14.7) |
66.4 (19.1) |
72.7 (22.6) |
74.7 (23.7) |
74.9 (23.8) |
69.6 (20.9) |
60.4 (15.8) |
49.8 (9.9) |
42.4 (5.8) |
58.9 (14.9) |
Mean minimum °F (°C) | 26.2 (−3.2) |
29.0 (−1.7) |
33.7 (0.9) |
41.6 (5.3) |
53.1 (11.7) |
65.3 (18.5) |
70.2 (21.2) |
69.4 (20.8) |
57.4 (14.1) |
41.8 (5.4) |
32.2 (0.1) |
27.4 (−2.6) |
23.5 (−4.7) |
Record low °F (°C) | 0 (−18) |
4 (−16) |
19 (−7) |
31 (−1) |
42 (6) |
48 (9) |
60 (16) |
57 (14) |
41 (5) |
27 (−3) |
21 (−6) |
6 (−14) |
0 (−18) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 1.96 (50) |
1.74 (44) |
2.31 (59) |
2.42 (61) |
4.40 (112) |
3.28 (83) |
2.41 (61) |
2.15 (55) |
3.88 (99) |
3.75 (95) |
2.08 (53) |
2.00 (51) |
32.38 (822) |
Average snowfall inches (cm) | 0.0 (0.0) |
0.1 (0.25) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.1 (0.25) |
0.2 (0.51) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 6.9 | 7.4 | 8.5 | 6.4 | 8.3 | 7.0 | 5.0 | 4.7 | 6.9 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 7.4 | 81.3 |
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
67.1 | 65.2 | 63.2 | 66.3 | 70.5 | 68.8 | 65.0 | 64.7 | 68.0 | 67.2 | 68.3 | 68.0 | 66.9 |
Average dew point °F (°C) | 37.0 (2.8) |
39.9 (4.4) |
46.8 (8.2) |
55.6 (13.1) |
63.7 (17.6) |
68.4 (20.2) |
68.9 (20.5) |
68.5 (20.3) |
65.7 (18.7) |
57.0 (13.9) |
48.0 (8.9) |
40.1 (4.5) |
55.0 (12.8) |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 159.4 | 169.7 | 215.5 | 209.7 | 221.8 | 275.9 | 308.8 | 293.9 | 234.9 | 218.0 | 171.9 | 149.7 | 2,629.2 |
Percent possible sunshine | 49 | 54 | 58 | 54 | 52 | 66 | 72 | 72 | 63 | 61 | 54 | 47 | 59 |
Source: NOAA (relative humidity, dew point and sun 1961–1990)[69][70][71] |
Climate data for San Antonio | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily daylight hours | 11.0 | 11.0 | 12.0 | 13.0 | 14.0 | 14.0 | 14.0 | 13.0 | 12.0 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 10.0 | 12.2 |
Average Ultraviolet index | 4 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 8.2 |
Source: Weather Atlas[72] |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
See or edit raw graph data.
Demographics
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1850 | 3,488 | — | |
1860 | 8,235 | 136.1% | |
1870 | 12,256 | 48.8% | |
1880 | 20,550 | 67.7% | |
1890 | 37,673 | 83.3% | |
1900 | 53,321 | 41.5% | |
1910 | 96,614 | 81.2% | |
1920 | 161,379 | 67.0% | |
1930 | 231,542 | 43.5% | |
1940 | 253,854 | 9.6% | |
1950 | 408,442 | 60.9% | |
1960 | 587,718 | 43.9% | |
1970 | 654,153 | 11.3% | |
1980 | 785,940 | 20.1% | |
1990 | 935,933 | 19.1% | |
2000 | 1,144,646 | 22.3% | |
2010 | 1,327,407 | 16.0% | |
2020 | 1,434,625 | 8.1% | |
2022 (est.) | 1,472,909 | 2.7% | |
U.S. Decennial Census 2010–2020, 2021[8] |
Racial composition | 2020[23] | 2010[73] | 1990[39] | 1970[39] | 1950[39] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hispanic or Latino | 63.9% | 63.2% | 55.6% | 51.3% | n/a |
White (Non-Hispanic) |
23.4% | 26.6% | 36.2% | 41.0% | n/a |
Black or African American |
6.5% | 6.3% | 7.0% | 7.6% | 7.0% |
Asian |
3.2% | 2.3% | 1.1% | 0.3% | 0.2% |
Indigenous | 1.2% | 0.9% | 0.4% | 0.1% | <0.1% |
Mixed |
2.3% | 1.2% |
The U.S. Census Bureau's 2020 census determined San Antonio had a population of 1,434,625 residents in 2020. In 2019, the American Community Survey estimated San Antonio had a racial makeup of 88.4% White, 6.6% Black and African American, 0.2% American Indian and Alaska Native, 2.8% Asian, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander, 0.2% some other race and 1.7% two or more races. Ethnically, 64.5% were Hispanic or Latin American of any race.[74] In 2020, its racial and ethnic makeup was 23.4% non-Hispanic white, 63.9% Hispanic or Latin American of any race, 6.5% Black and African American, 3.2% Asian, and 2.3% multiracial or some other race.
According to the
The 2011 U.S. census estimate for the eight-county San Antonio–New Braunfels metropolitan area placed its population at 2,194,927.[77] The 2017 estimate for Greater San Antonio was 2,473,974, making it the third-most populous metro area in Texas (after the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex and Greater Houston) and the 24th-most populous metro area in the U.S.[11]
About 405,474 households, and 280,993 families resided in San Antonio. The population density as of 2010 was 2,808.5 people per square mile (1,084.4 people/km2). There were 433,122 housing units at an average density of 1,062.7 per square mile (410.3/km2). The age of the city's population was distributed as 28.5% under the age of 18, 10.8% from 18 to 24, 30.8% from 25 to 44, 19.4% from 45 to 64, and 10.4% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. In San Antonio, 48% of the population were males, and 52% of the population were females. For every 100 females, there were 93.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.7 males.
At the 2019 American Community Survey, there were 512,273 households and 319,673 families.[78] The average household size was 2.98 and the average family size was 3.83. Of the local population,[79] 201,960 were married-couple households and 172,741 were female households with no spouse or partner present. An estimated 85,462 households were single-person. Roughly 218,249 residents in San Antonio were foreign-born residents. For every 100 females, San Antonio had 97.1 males.[74]
At the 2010 U.S. census, San Antonio's median income for a household was $36,214, and the median income for a family was $53,100. Males have a median income of $30,061 versus $24,444 for females. The
A
Religion
The population of Greater San Antonio is predominantly
The Catholic population forms the largest Christian group in the city and Greater San Antonio.
According to
After Lutherans,
Islam is the second largest religion in the Greater San Antonio area.[89] Eastern religions such as Buddhism, Sikhism, and Hinduism also have a significant presence in San Antonio.[102] An estimated 0.3% of the area's population identified with Judaism according to Sperling's BestPlaces and at least 10,000 Jews live in the city.[103] The San Antonio Jewish community began not long after the independence of the Republic of Texas.[104] The oldest synagogue in South Texas (Temple Beth-El) is located in the city limits and located near San Antonio College.[105][106]
Crime
Crime in San Antonio began to rise in the early 1980s, similar to many urban areas in the US. In 1983 San Antonio had the tenth highest homicide rate in Texas with 18.5 homicides per 100,000 residents.[107] The number of juveniles arrested in San Antonio for violent crimes tripled between 1987 and 1994, according to the Texas Law Enforcement Management and Administration Statistics Program. The number of youths arrested for unlawfully carrying firearms doubled over the same period.
In 1993, San Antonio earned the nickname the "Drive-By City" after the San Antonio Police Department recorded over 1,200 drive-by shootings, or an average of about 3.5 per day, which overshadowed the number in other Texas cities. A majority of the violence occurred on the east and west sides of the city, especially in areas with high poverty rates. Gang violence led to the deaths of their members and sometimes innocent bystanders, and housing projects such as the Alazán-Apache Courts served as hubs for various groups, which sometimes included rival gangs.[108] By the end of 1993 the city hit a peak in homicides with 230 killings, the highest since 1991 when 211 were killed.[109]
In 2016, the number of murders hit 151, the highest toll in 20 years. A majority of the San Antonio homicide victims were Hispanic and African American men between ages 18 and 29. According to a study, 40% of the killings were either drug-related or domestic incidents.[110][111] In 2020, San Antonio ranked the fourth U.S. city with the biggest increase in homicides.[112] From January–June 2020, there were 71 homicides according to the San Antonio Police Department. In 2019, there were 53 reported homicides in contrast. A total of 105 homicides occurred in 2019 in the city. According to The Wall Street Journal, homicide rates were relatively low compared to previous decades.[113]
Economy
SAT | Corporation | US | ||
1 | Valero Energy Corp. |
24 | ||
2 | USAA | 101 | ||
3 | iHeartMedia | 466 |
San Antonio has a diversified economy with a gross domestic product (GDP) of approximately $121 billion in 2018.
Over twenty million tourists visit the city and its attractions every year, contributing substantially to its economy, primarily due to The Alamo and the
Other companies headquartered in the city include
San Antonio has lost several major company headquarters, the largest being the 2008 move of
The city is home to one of the largest concentrations of military bases in the U.S., and has been nicknamed "Military City, USA". The city is home to several active military installations: Lackland Air Force Base, Brooke Army Medical Center, Randolph Air Force Base, and Fort Sam Houston.[22][145]
The Formosan Termite (Formosan subterranean termite, FST,
Arts and culture
San Antonio is a popular tourist destination. The
The
Lined with numerous shops, bars, and restaurants, as well as the
The Downtown area also features
San Antonio is also home to several commercial amusement parks, including Six Flags Fiesta Texas and Morgan's Wonderland, a theme park for children with special needs.[150] Kiddie Park, featuring old-fashioned amusement rides for children, was established in 1925 and is the oldest children's amusement park in the U.S.[151]
San Antonio is home to the first museum of
The city's five missions, the four in the San Antonio Missions National Historical Park plus The Alamo, were named UNESCO World Heritage sites on July 5, 2015.[19] The San Antonio Missions became the 23rd U.S. site on the World Heritage list, which includes the Grand Canyon and the Statue of Liberty; it is the first site in Texas. The new Mission Reach of the River Walk was completed in 2013, and created over 15 miles (24 km) of biking, hiking, and paddling trails that connect the Missions to Downtown and the Broadway Corridor.[154]
San Antonio's Howard W. Peak Greenway Trail System is a big draw. It covers more than 82 miles (132 km) and has more than 50 trailheads.[155]
Other places of interest include the
In 2015 work was authorized to begin on the restoration of the former Hot Wells hotel, spa, and bathhouses on the San Antonio River on the city's south side.[156]
Annual events
Yearly events, such as Fiesta San Antonio (the city's signature event), Luminaria (a contemporary arts festival) and Fiesta Noche del Rio, add a variety of entertainment options to the area, as well as strengthening the economy. Fiesta San Antonio alone carries an annual economic impact of $340 million.[157] The city also plays host to SAFILM-San Antonio Film Festival every summer in August.[158] About to celebrate 25 years, the film festival is the largest in South Texas.
Sports
Club | Sport | League | Founded | Venue (capacity) | Attendance | Titles | Championship years |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
UTSA Roadrunners |
Football | NCAA Division I | 2011 | Alamodome (65,000) | 27,576 | 2 | |
San Antonio Spurs |
Basketball | NBA | 1967 | Frost Bank Center (18,580) | 18,418 | 5 | 1999, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2014 |
San Antonio Missions |
Baseball | Double-A Central
|
1888 | Wolff Stadium (9,200) | 8,500 | 13 | [o 1] |
San Antonio FC |
Soccer | USL Championship | 2016 | Toyota Field (8,300) | 6,765 | 1 | 2022 |
San Antonio Brahmas |
Football | UFL | 2022 | Alamodome (65,000) | 27,576 | 0 |
- ^ 1897, 1908, 1933, 1950, 1961, 1963, 1964, 1997, 2002, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2013
Professional sports
The city's only top-level professional sports team, and consequently the team most San Antonians follow, is the
San Antonio is home to the Double-A San Antonio Missions, who play at Nelson Wolff Stadium and are the Minor League Baseball affiliate of the San Diego Padres.[159]
San Antonio had a professional soccer franchise when the
- San Antonio has two MLS team. City officials are said to be attempting to lure the National Football League permanently to San Antonio. Former NFL Commissioner Paul Tagliabue stated San Antonio was successful in temporarily hosting the New Orleans Saints following Hurricane Katrina, and that the city would be on the short list for any future NFL expansions.[160] The city has also hosted the Dallas Cowboys and Houston Oilers preseason camps in the past, and the Cowboys practiced in San Antonio through 2011.[161] Cowboys owner Jerry Jones acknowledged his support for the city to become home to an NFL franchise.[162]
The city has played host to a number of major and minor league football teams, primarily at
The
The first
The city used to be home to the San Antonio Stars Women's National Basketball Association until the franchise was relocated in October 2017 to Las Vegas to become the Las Vegas Aces.[164]
The city used to be home to the San Antonio Rampage ice hockey team until the franchise was sold in February 2020 to the Vegas Golden Knights.[165]
College sports
The University of Texas at San Antonio fields San Antonio's NCAA Division I athletic teams, known as the UTSA Roadrunners. The teams play in the American Athletic Conference. The university added football in 2011, hiring former University of Miami coach Larry Coker as its initial head coach. Roadrunner football began play in 2011, with a record of 4–6. UTSA set attendance records for both highest attendance at an inaugural game (56,743) and highest average attendance for a first year program (35,521).[166][167] The Roadrunners moved to the Western Athletic Conference in 2012, to Conference USA in 2013, and to the American Athletic Conference in 2023.
The University of the Incarnate Word (UIW) also fields a full slate of NCAA Division I athletic teams, known as the Incarnate Word Cardinals. UIW's football team competes in the Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) in the Southland Conference. Since 2018, UIW's football team has won three Southland Conference championships and has made three appearances in the FCS playoffs.
Trinity University fields all the typical collegiate sports, but at the
San Antonio hosts the NCAA football Alamo Bowl each December, played among the Big XII and Pac-12 each December in the Alamodome. The city is also home of the U.S. Army All-American Bowl,[170] played annually in the Alamodome and televised live on NBC. The Bowl is an East versus West showdown featuring the nation's top 90 high school football senior players. The game has featured NFL stars Reggie Bush, Vince Young, Adrian Peterson, and many other college and NFL stars.
The University of Texas at San Antonio fields the only collegiate men's rugby team in the city. UTSA competes in Division III Texas Rugby Union.
Government
The city of San Antonio is operated under the council-manager system of government. The city is divided into 10 council districts designed to be of equal population. Each district elects one person to the city council, with the mayor elected on a citywide basis. All members of the San Antonio City Council, including the mayor, are elected to two-year terms and are limited to four terms (except for those who were in office in November 2008 and are limited to a total of two terms). Houston and Laredo have similar term limits to San Antonio. All positions are elected on nonpartisan ballots, as required by Texas law. Council members are paid $45,722 and the mayor earns $61,725 a year. The current mayor is Ron Nirenberg, who was elected in 2017 with 54.59% of the vote.[171] Nirenberg was narrowly reelected in 2019 against conservative challenger Greg Brockhouse.[172][173]
The council hires a city manager to handle day-to-day operations. The council effectively functions as the city's legislative body with the city manager acting as its chief executive, responsible for the management of day-to-day operations and execution of council legislation. The current city manager is Erik Walsh.
The city operates its own electric and gas utility, CPS Energy. The San Antonio Police Department (SAPD) is the city's municipal body of law enforcement. The San Antonio Fire Department (SAFD) provides the city with fire protection and EMS service.
The city stretches into several national congressional districts and is represented in
- Senate
- (R)
- (R)
- House of Representatives
- Texas District 20: (D)
- Texas District 21: (R)
- Texas District 23: (R)
- Texas District 28: (D)
- Texas District 35: (D)
- Texas District 20:
- State Governor
- (R)
State and federal representation
The Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ) operates the Parole Division Region IV headquarters in the San Antonio Metro Parole Complex. San Antonio district parole offices I and III are in the parole complex, while office II is in another location.[175]
The Texas Department of Transportation operates the San Antonio District Office in San Antonio.[176]
The United States Postal Service operates San Antonio's main post office.[177] Other post offices are located throughout San Antonio.
Politics
Year | Democratic | Republican | Third Parties
|
---|---|---|---|
2020 | 61.91% 326,553 | 36.53% 192,653 | 1.56% 8,244 |
2016 | 57.63% 244,678 | 36.55% 155,186 | 5.82% 24,668 |
Growth policy
Unlike most large cities in the U.S., San Antonio is not completely surrounded by independent suburban cities, and under Texas state law it exercises extraterritorial jurisdiction (ETJ) over much of the surrounding unincorporated land,[179][180] including planning major thoroughfares and enforcing rules for platting and subdivision. It pursues an aggressive annexation policy and opposes the creation of other municipalities within its ETJ.[181] Nearly three-fourths of its land area has been annexed since 1960.[182]
In the 2000s the city annexed several long narrow corridors along major thoroughfares in outlying areas to facilitate eventual annexation of growth developing along the routes. The city planned to annex nearly 40 additional square miles by 2009.[183]
In May 2010, the City of San Antonio agreed to release thousands of acres of land in its extraterritorial jurisdiction along Interstate 10 to
Involuntary annexation is a controversial issue in those parts of unincorporated Bexar County affected by it. Residents attracted to the outlying areas by lower taxes and affordable real estate values often see annexation as a mechanism to increase property tax rates (which are primarily driven by school district taxes, not city taxes) without a corresponding improvement in services such as police and fire protection, while the city regards its annexation policy as essential to its overall prosperity.[185]
Since the city has annexed areas over time, San Antonio surrounds several independent
Education
Higher education
San Antonio hosts over 100,000 students in its 31 higher-education institutions. Publicly supported schools include
Private universities include Trinity University, St. Mary's University, Our Lady of the Lake University, University of the Incarnate Word, Webster University, Baptist University of the Américas, Hallmark University, Oblate School of Theology, ECPI University,[186] and the Southwest School of Art, which enrolled its first BFA class in 2014.[187][188] The San Antonio Public Library serves all of these institutions along with the 19 independent school districts within the Bexar County and Greater San Antonio metropolitan area.[189] San Antonio is also home to a campus of The Culinary Institute of America.[190]
The National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), one of Latin America's most prestigious universities, has a campus in San Antonio.[191][192]
Primary and secondary education
The city of San Antonio is also served by the following separate
Additionally the following school districts do not cover the San Antonio city limits but have locations which use San Antonio postal addresses:
The city is home to more than 30 private schools and
Military
San Antonio is home to U.S. Air Force Basic Military Training (AFBMT).[195] The Air Force only has one location for enlisted basic training: the 737th Training Group, at Lackland Air Force Base. All new Air Force recruits go through the same basic training at Lackland. Each year, over 35,000 new recruits go through AFBMT. In addition, METC (the Military Education and Training Campus), which provides the medical training for the U.S. military at Fort Sam Houston, hosts 30 programs and over 24,000 annual graduates. It is the largest medical education center in the world.
Media
San Antonio has one major newspaper, the
Hearst, using the Express-News brand, also produces Conexión, a weekly magazine written by an entirely Hispanic and Latin American staff with a Latino spin on weekly events. The
The San Antonio Report, renamed in 2020 from the Rivard Report, is the city's only digital-only news publication.[197] Founded in 2011 by former Express-News editor Robert Rivard, it began as a blog but has since become a non-profit news source covering civic issues.[198]
Radio
About 50 radio stations can be heard in the San Antonio area; 30 of them are in the city proper. San Antonio is home to iHeartMedia, the largest operator of radio stations in the U.S. Its flagship, WOAI AM-1200, is known for its local news operation, considered among the best in the country. It is a 50,000-watt clear channel station that reaches most of North America at night. The first radio station to broadcast in South Texas was KTSA AM-550 in 1922.
The region's
KRTU 91.7 is a non-commercial radio station based at Trinity University.[200] Unlike most other college radio stations in the U.S., the station plays jazz 17 hours a day and college rock/indie rock at night. College alternative station KSYM, 90.1 FM, is owned by the Alamo Community College District and operated by San Antonio College students; like KRTU, it plays the Third Coast music network during the day and alternative music at night.
Most Latin American stations in the area play regional Mexican, Tejano or contemporary pop. On January 12, 2006, Univision-owned KMYO-FM "La Kalle 95.1" changed its format from Hispanic-Rhythmic Contemporary Hits to Spanish Oldies, then named "Recuerdo 95.1". On November 10, 2006, Univision flipped KLTO Tejano 97.7's format to reggaeton in an attempt to reintroduce the format to San Antonio. Then 97.7 was flipped again to feature a rock format. The station no longer broadcasts anything in English. While still owned by Univision, it broadcast music by artists such as Linkin Park, before being sold to the Educational Media Foundation and flipping once again to Air1.
95.1 was then flipped back to the "La Kalle" format again after being flipped to feature a "95X" format. KLTO was acquired and is operated as a simulcast of
Television
Despite the relatively large size of both the city proper and the metropolitan area, San Antonio has always been a medium-sized market. It presently ranks 33rd in the United States, according to
San Antonio-based television stations include
Transportation
Air
The San Antonio International Airport (SAT) is located in uptown San Antonio, about eight miles (13 km) north of Downtown. San Antonio International Airport is the 6th busiest airport based on passenger boardings in Texas and 44th in the United States as of 2015.[203] It has two terminals and is served by 20 airlines, 15 passenger and 5 cargo ones, serving many destinations throughout the United States and Mexico. Stinson Municipal Airport is a reliever airport located six miles (9.7 km) south of Downtown San Antonio. The airport has two runways serving primarily general aviation and is also home to the Texas Air Museum.
Mass transit
A bus system is provided by the city's metropolitan transit authority, VIA Metropolitan Transit. VIA began operating a bus rapid transit line known as VIA Primo[204] in December 2012, which connects Downtown San Antonio to the South Texas Medical Center, the main campus of the University of Texas at San Antonio, and the independent enclave city of Leon Valley. Additionally, VIA also offers VIAtrans Paratransit Service,[205] a wheelchair accessible ride-share service for people with disabilities.
In August 2010, VIA Metropolitan Transit unveiled buses that are powered by diesel-electric hybrid technology.[206] The 30 hybrid buses were put into service on VIA's express routes to serve daily commuters across the city. This set of buses follows the introduction of new vehicles powered by compressed natural gas, which were unveiled in May 2010. In the fall of 2010, VIA took delivery of three new buses that are powered by electricity from on-board batteries. These buses serve the Downtown core area, and are the first revenue vehicles VIA operates which have zero emissions.[206]
VIA offers 90 regular bus routes and two Downtown streetcar routes.[207] This includes express service from Downtown to park and ride locations in the south, west, northwest, north central and northeast sides of the city, with service to major locations such as UTSA, Six Flags Fiesta Texas and SeaWorld. VIA also offers a special service to city events including Spurs games and city parades from its park and ride locations.
Rail
San Antonio is served by two Amtrak routes: the daily Chicago to San Antonio Texas Eagle and the thrice-weekly New Orleans to Los Angeles Sunset Limited.[208] On the days that the Sunset Limited operates, a section of the Texas Eagle continues west with it, offering Chicago to Los Angeles through service. The old Sunset Station is now an entertainment venue owned by VIA and neighbored by the current station and the Alamodome.[209][210][211]
San Antonio became the largest American city without an intra-city rail system when Phoenix, the former largest city without such a system, procured one in 2008. A proposed passenger rail line, Lone Star Rail, would have linked San Antonio to Austin, but was cancelled in 2016 after 19 years of planning.[212]
Road
San Antonio is served by these major freeways:
- Interstate 10: McDermott Freeway (Northwest) runs west toward El Paso, Phoenix and Los Angeles. Jose Lopez Freeway (East) runs east toward Seguin, Houston, New Orleans and Jacksonville
- Minneapolis-St. Paul, and finally to its northern terminus in Duluth.
- Interstate 37: Lucian Adams Freeway (Southeast)—runs from San Antonio through its junction with US Highway 281 south (Edinburg and McAllen) near Three Rivers and into Corpus Christi through its junction with Interstate 69E/US Highway 77 south (Kingsville, Harlingen and Brownsville) to its southern terminus at Corpus Christi Bay.
- Interstate 410: Connally Loop—simply called Loop 410 (four-ten) by locals is a 53-mile (85 km) inner beltway around the city.
- US 90: Cleto Rodriguez Freeway (West) through Uvalde and Del Rio to its western terminus at I-10 in Van Horn. Prior to I-10 East and US 90 West expressway being built US 90 traveled through the west side via West Commerce Street (westbound) and Buena Vista Street (eastbound) and Historic Old Highway 90 (known as Enrique M. Barrera Parkway from 2015 to 2022[213]). On the east side it traveled along East Commerce Street to its current alignment which runs concurrent with I-10 East to Seguin.
- US 281: McAllister Freeway (North) to Johnson City and Wichita Falls. Southbound, it runs concurrent with I-37, then I-410 for 4 miles (6 km), then heads south to Pleasanton. Prior to I-37 and McAllister Fwy. being built US 281 traveled through the north side via San Pedro Avenue and the south side via Roosevelt Avenue.
- State Highway 151: Stotzer Freeway runs from US Highway 90 West through Westover Hills which includes SeaWorld to its western terminus at State Loop 1604.
- State Loop 1604: Charles W. Anderson Loop—simply called 1604 (sixteen-oh-four) by locals—is a 96-mile (154 km) outer beltway around San Antonio.
Other highways include:
- US 87: Southbound to Victoria along Roland Avenue then Rigsby Avenue. It runs concurrent with I-10 for 52 miles (84 km) where it goes to San Angelo northbound.
- US 181: Starts 0.5 miles (0.8 km) south of I-410/I-37/US 281 interchange and heads toward Corpus Christi via Beeville. Prior to I-37 being built, US 181 traveled along Presa Street from Downtown to its current alignment.
- State Highway 16: From Zapata, it runs concurrent with I-410 for 17 miles (27 km) along southwest San Antonio, over to Bandera Road to Bandera
- State Highway 130: Starting at its southern terminus at I-35 South, it travels along East South Loop 410 until I-10/US-90, where it runs concurrently with the interstate until outside of Seguin, turning into a state toll road.
- State Highway Spur 421: Also known more commonly as "Culebra Road" and "Bandera Road" inside Loop 410.
- State Highway Spur 422: Known as the Poteet Jourdanton Freeway. It was originally planned to have a high speed direct connection to I-35.
- State Loop 345: Fredericksburg Road by locals; is the business loop for I-10 West/US-87 North.[214]
- State Loop 368: Broadway and Austin Highway by locals; is the business loop for I-35 North.[215]
- State PA 1502 (Wurzbach Parkway): Limited-access, high speed road parallel to north IH-410. It has connections to I-35 (via O'Connor Road) and I-10 (via Wurzbach Road) across the north side of town.
- State Loop 353: Nogalitos Street and New Laredo Highway is the business loop for I-35 South.[216]
- State Loop 13: Is the city's inner loop on the south side serving Lackland AFB, Port San Antonio, South Park Mall and Brooks CityBase traveling along Military Drive on the south side and WW White Road on the east side to its junction with I-35/I-410. The northern arc of the loop is now I-410.
Along with FM 471, FM 1957, and State Highway 211
Also, the city has multiple streets with the same (or similar) names. As examples:
- "Military Drive", "Military Highway.", and "Military Drive West"—Military Drive loops around the western and southern parts of the city. Military Highway, also called "Northwest Military Drive" by the locals, serves the northwestern part of the city. Military Drive West serves the far western portion of the city. None intersect each other.
- "Wurzbach Road", "Wurzbach Parkway", and "Harry Wurzbach Road"—Wurzbach Road serves the northwestern part of the city. Wurzbach Parkway, an expressway, is an east–west road serving the northwestern and northeastern parts of the city (and can be considered an extension of Wurzbach Road). Harry Wurzbach Road runs past Fort Sam Houston and Terrell Hills on the city's northeast side, and it does not intersect Wurzbach Road or Wurzbach Parkway.
- "Hausman Road" and "South Hausman Road" are two roads serving Helotes and the far northwest side of the city. Hausman is a major road, and a route used by locals of Helotes and NW San Antonio as an alternative to Loop 1604 connecting to I-10. South Hausman is a suburban road that does not connect with Hausman (despite its name).
A large portion of trade between Mexico and the United States passes through the San Antonio area's interstate highway system.[217]
Of the five largest cities in Texas, San Antonio (within city limits) is the largest city in the state without toll roads. (Houston, Dallas, Austin, and Fort Worth have toll roads.)
San Antonio enjoys less traffic congestion than other large Texas cities. In a 2022 study by TomTom, San Antonio is only the 41st-most congested city in the U.S. and the fifth-most congested city in Texas. By comparison, Houston, McAllen, Austin, and Dallas-Fort Worth rank higher than San Antonio for traffic congestion.[218]
Bicycle paths
San Antonio has about 136 miles (219 km) of bike lanes, routes or off-road paths.[219] Off-road trails travel along the San Antonio River, linear greenways, or city parks. Although largely disconnected, the progress to create a bicycle-friendly environment was recognized when San Antonio was designated a bronze-level "Bicycle Friendly Community" in 2015 by the League of American Bicyclists.[220]
Bicycle sharing
A bike sharing service was approved by the city council on June 17, 2010.[221] The initial program consisted of 140 bikes at 14 locations supported by a "central hub". It is expected to serve both residents and visitors. San Antonio Bike Share, a non-profit, was formed to oversee the operation, locally operated and maintained by Bike World. B-Cycle, the same system used in Denver, supplies the bike share system. It began operation in March 2011.[222]
Walkability
As of 2021[update], Walk Score ranks San Antonio as the least walkable American city a population greater than one million and calls it car-dependent. This is due in large part to its rapid growth after World War II, the prevalence of single-family zoning and thousands of miles of missing or broken sidewalks.[223]
The Howard W. Peak Greenway is an 84-mile system (135 km) of hiking and biking trails that roughly forms a ring around the city. It is accessible by more than 65 trailheads and connects to dozens of parks. With construction beginning in 2007, the trails consist of the Leon Creek Greenway, the Salado Creek Greenway, the Westside Creeks, and the Medina River Greenway.[224][225]
International relations
Sister cities
San Antonio is
- – Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico (1953)[226]
- – Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico (1974)[226][227]
- – Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain (1975)[226]
- – Gwangju, South Korea (1981)[226][228]
- – Kaohsiung, Taiwan (1981)[226]
- – Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain (1983)[226]
- – Kumamoto, Japan (1987)[226]
- – Chennai, India (2008)[226][229]
- – Wuxi, China (2012)[226]
- – Windhoek, Namibia (2016)[230]
- – Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany (2017)[231]
- – Moguer, Spain (2018). Hometown of San Antonio founder Father Antonio de Olivares.[232]
Friendship cities
- – Suzhou, China (2010 friendship city)[226][233]
- – Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel (2011 friendship city)[234]
- – Baguio, Philippines (2022 friendship city)[235]
Notable people
See also
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Bexar County, Texas
- San Antonio Area Foundation
- San Anto Cultural Arts
Explanatory notes
- ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e., the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
- ^ Official records for San Antonio were kept at downtown from March 1885 to December 1940, at Stinson Municipal Airport from January 1941 to June 1942, and at San Antonio Int'l since July 1942. For more information, see Threadex
References
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Further reading
- Rodriguez, Ismael Jr. (August 2021). "We Wanted to Make it Attractive for all Veterans". VFW Magazine. Vol. 108, no. 10. Kansas City, Mo.: ISSN 0161-8598.
A VFW Post in Texas grew its membership by welcoming younger veterans. Among several projects, Post members pioneered VFW's first-ever state-of-the-art esports cybercafé.