San Francisco Golden Gaters
Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum Arena | |
Colors | Purple, Orange |
---|---|
Owner | Dave Peterson Larry King Cathie Anderson Jerry Diamond |
President | Dave Peterson |
Head coach | Frew McMillan |
General manager | Bob Horowitz |
Championships | None |
Division titles | 1975, 1976 |
Playoff berths | 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978 |
The San Francisco Golden Gaters were a charter franchise of World Team Tennis (WTT). The Golden Gaters won two Western Division Championships and lost in the WTT Finals both times. The team was founded in 1973 and made the playoffs in each of the five seasons in which it participated in the league. Following the 1978 season, eight of the then 10 WTT franchises folded leaving only the Golden Gaters and the Phoenix Racquets prepared to participate in the 1979 season. WTT suspended operations of the league in March 1979, ending the Golden Gaters existence.
Team history
Founding and inaugural season
The Golden Gaters were founded as WTT's charter franchise for
Jerry Diamond was hired as the Golden Gaters' general manager. Later in 1974, he would also become the first executive director of the newly formed Women's Tennis Association, a position he would hold for 11 years overseeing significant growth in the women's tour. The Golden Gaters opened their inaugural season with Frew McMillan as their player-coach and also featured Roy Emerson, Dick Bohrnstedt, Lesley Hunt, 18-year-old Ilana Kloss and Barbara Downs. Margaret Court was also on the team, but she did not play, because she was pregnant.[2] Kloss would later go on to become WTT commissioner in 2001. With their 20th and final selection in the WTT's inaugural draft, the Golden Gaters (then still known as the Otters) selected co-owner and president Anderson who made the selection herself.[5] She did not end up playing in WTT.
The Golden Gaters' inaugural match was a 35–26 victory at home over the
The Golden Gaters clinched a playoff berth with a 29–20 victory at home against the
The Golden Gaters finished their inaugural season with 23 wins and 21 losses, second place in the Pacific Section and qualified for the Western Division Semifinals against the Denver Racquets.[4][8]
WTT playoff series in 1974, were played over two legs, one match on the home court of each team. The team with the best aggregate score over the two matches was the winner. As the higher seed, the Racquets had the choice to play either the first or the second match at home. The Racquets won both matches against the Golden Gaters, 29–17 in Denver on August 19, and 32–24 in Oakland on August 20, to end the season for San Francisco.[4][8]
A division championship
Following the 1974 season, Dave Peterson acquired a controlling interest in the Golden Gaters and became the team's president.[9]
Just before the start of the 1975 season, the Golden Gaters traded Margaret Court with whom they were unable to reach an agreement on a contract to the Hawaii Leis for the rights to Chris Evert who had not expressed any interest in playing in WTT.[10] Evert did not sign with the Golden Gaters.
The Golden Gaters added Tom Okker, Betty Stöve, 19-year-old Ann Kiyomura[11] and Kate Latham. Kiyomura was from San Mateo, California, and Latham was from Palo Alto, California.[12] Kiyomura had originally been selected by the Golden Gaters in WTT's inaugural draft but traded before the 1974 season to Hawaii for Dick Bohrnstedt and played for the Leis. The Golden Gaters also re-signed Whitney Reed and made him a player-assistant coach.[13] Player-coach Frew McMillan teamed with Okker to lead WTT in game-winning percentage in men's doubles and with Stöve to lead in that category in mixed doubles. Okker's performance earned him the Male Most Valuable Player Award. McMillan was named WTT Coach of the Year.[8]
The Golden Gaters raced to the top of the Western Division standings in 1975, with 29 wins and 15 losses. The first-place finish earned the Golden Gaters a bye in the Western Division Semifinals and set up a matchup with the Phoenix Racquets in the Western Division Championship Series.[4][8]
Because the Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum Arena was booked by a circus in late August, the Golden Gaters 1975 home playoff matches were played at the Cow Palace in Daly City, California.[14]
The Golden Gaters took the first match of the best-of-three series in Phoenix, Arizona, 25–24, on August 18. They returned home for their first-ever match at the Cow Palace on August 19, to complete the series sweep with a 26–20 victory which made the Golden Gaters Western Division Champions and sent them to the WTT Finals against the Pittsburgh Triangles who had WTT's best regular-season record in 1975. The Racquets led the second match, 18–17, after the first three sets, when Stöve came up with a dominant 6–1 set win over Françoise Dürr to give the Golden Gaters a 23–19 lead heading to the final set of mixed doubles which matched Stöve and McMillan against Kris Kemmer Shaw and Tony Roche. After holding in their first two service games, Stöve and McMillan broke Shaw's serve in the fourth game for a 3–1 lead in the set ending the match.[15]
The Golden Gaters squeezed out a win in the opener of the best-of-three finals series at the Cow Palace, 26–25, on August 21. The Triangles won a tight second match in Pittsburgh on August 24, in front of 2,182 fans which set up a deciding third match. The win clearly inspired the Triangles' fans. On August 25, the Pittsburgh Civic Arena had 6,882 spectators walk through the turnstiles to see the Triangles dominate the rubber match, 21–14, and win the WTT title.[4][16] Two sets in the deciding match were key to the Triangles' victory. Vitas Gerulaitis notched a 6–1 set win over Okker in men's singles, and Evonne Goolagong Cawley topped Stöve by the same score in women's singles.[8]
Back to back division titles
On October 29, 1975, the Golden Gaters announced that they had traded the rights to negotiate with superstar Chris Evert to the Phoenix Racquets. Under the terms of the deal, the Racquets would send a player to be named later and undisclosed cash consideration to the Golden Gaters if they were able to sign Evert. If the Racquets failed to sign Evert before the 1976 season, the rights to her would revert to the Golden Gaters. The Golden Gaters had tried unsuccessfully to sign Evert after the 1975 season. When the trade was announced, Golden Gaters owner Dave Peterson said, "Chris indicated she had a strong preference for starting her World Team Tennis career in Phoenix. I feel her decision was greatly influenced by the fact that her closest friend, Kris Shaw, is on the Phoenix roster. We hated to make the deal. If it were just a matter of money we would have signed Chris, but money wasn't the major factor."[17]
After signing Evert, the Racquets sent Françoise Dürr to the Golden Gaters to complete the deal. The Golden Gaters signed Dürr to a two-year contract.[18] Dürr was an All-Star with the Racquets in 1975. Golden Gaters returning players Frew McMillian, Tom Okker and Betty Stöve were all All-Stars in 1975, as well. This made the Golden Gaters the only WTT team with four All-Stars from the previous season on their roster.[18] Ilana Kloss announced just before the 1976 season that she was leaving the team in order to fully participate in clay-court tournaments in Europe which conflicted with the WTT schedule.[18]
The signing of Dürr united her with Stöve with whom she had frequently and successfully partnered on the pro tournament circuit. Dürr said, "I’m very happy to be in San Francisco and with the Gaters." Then, looking in the direction of Stöve, she added, "I’m looking forward to playing doubles with Betty." When the Golden Gaters acquired Dürr, they also acquired her
The Golden Gaters reached a deal with KTVU-TV Channel 2 to broadcast four of the team's road matches live in the San Francisco Bay Area.[18]
For the 1976 season, the Golden Gaters added Jeff Borowiak and Raquel Giscafré. For the second time, Ann Kiyomura was shipped away, this time to the Indiana Loves.[20] With the Loves, she teamed up with Ray Ruffels to lead WTT in game-winning percentage in mixed doubles in 1976.[8] Two-sport star John Lucas was signed by the Golden Gaters during the season.
Controversy arose before the start of the 1976 season when Golden Gaters co-owner Larry King acting in his capacity as WTT president changed the date of a match between the Pittsburgh Triangles and Boston Lobsters from May 8 to May 16, to free up Evonne Goolagong for a promotional event. Triangles owner Frank Fuhrer protested the change and called for a vote of the owners to overrule the decision. The Golden Gaters abstained from voting. The Lobsters, who were hosting the match in question, voted to accept the schedule change. However, Fuhrer got six other owners to side with him to overrule King's decision. Later, the sponsor of the promotional event appealed to Fuhrer personally and bought $10,000 worth of tickets to two Triangles matches resulting in Fuhrer accepting the schedule change. The conflicts of interest that were pervasive throughout WTT clearly caused dissent among some owners. Fuhrer was quoted as saying, "We're the defending champs, and I'm not having Larry King change my schedule on me to accommodate his own interests. We're going to get all the conflict of interest out of this league."[21]
On June 28, 1976, the Golden Gaters claimed the negotiating rights to ten reigning
During the 1976 season, Tom Okker earned the Male All-Star Match Most Valuable Player Award.[8] The Golden Gaters finished the 1976 regular season with 28 wins and 16 losses, second place in the Western Division, 2 matches behind the Phoenix Racquets whom they met in the Western Division Championship Series.[4] McMillan and Okker led WTT in game-winning percentage in men's doubles, and Dürr and Stöve were the leaders in women's doubles.[8]
On August 16, the Golden Gaters opened the playoffs on the road in front of 5,848 fans at
The Golden Gaters returned home to Oakland for the second match with a chance to clinch the best-of-three series on August 17. McMillan and Dürr took the opening set of mixed doubles from Roche and Shaw, 6–3. Evert came back strong from her loss the previous night with a dominant 6–1 set win over Stöve to give the Racquets a 9–7 lead. The Golden Gaters surged back in front with a 6–1 set win by McMillan and Okker over Roche and Pattison to take a 13–10 lead. Pattison cut the lead to 18–17 with a 7–5 men's singles win over Okker. Dürr and Stöve dominated Evert and Shaw, 6–1, in women's singles for a 24–18 victory and the Golden Gaters' second consecutive Western Division Championship.[24]
The Golden Gaters opened the best-of-five WTT Finals at home on August 20, against the New York Sets with a 31–23 overtime loss. The Sets took a 25–15 lead to the final set of women's doubles. Dürr and Stöve beat
Departure of Stöve
In October 1976, Golden Gaters co-owner Larry King resigned as WTT president and became the interim president of the New York Sets, the team for which his wife Billie Jean played, furthering the conclusion that there were many conflicts of interest throughout the league.[28]
Following the 1976 season, the Golden Gaters left Betty Stöve unprotected, and she was selected in the WTT draft by the
The departure of Stöve presented challenges for the Golden Gaters. Nagelsen became Dürr's regular partner in women's doubles, and the pair won only 170 out of 382 games played (.445).[8] Terry Holladay became the primary women's singles player and won only 189 out of 390 games played (.485).[8] Areas that were strengths for the Golden Gaters in 1976, became weaknesses in 1977. For the third straight year, McMillan and Okker had WTT's highest game-winning percentage in men's doubles. Okker also had a winning record as the team's primary men's singles player.[8]
The Golden Gaters finished 1977 with 25 wins and 19 losses, second place in the Western Division, 3 matches behind the Phoenix Racquets.[4] McMillan was named WTT Male Most Valuable Player.[8]
The Golden Gaters met the San Diego Friars in the Western Division Semifinals. The Friars won the first match in Oakland, 24–22, on August 16.[4][8] The Friars completed the sweep in the second match in San Diego with a 24–21 victory on August 17. With the Golden Gaters leading, 20–18, after four sets, the Friars got a 6–1 set win from Rod Laver and Cliff Drysdale over Okker and McMillan in men's doubles to secure the victory.[30]
Final season
By late 1977, Golden Gaters co-founder Larry King owned interests in the Golden Gaters, the New York Apples, the Pennsylvania Keystones (a proposed expansion franchise) and WTT Properties, the league's main marketing arm.[28] After the 1977 season, Bob Horowitz became the Golden Gaters' new general manager replacing minority owner Jerry Diamond who remained with the team. Françoise Dürr was left unprotected in the 1978 WTT expansion draft, and she was selected by the Anaheim Oranges who later signed her.[31]
For the 1978 season, the Golden Gaters changed the
In March 1978, the Golden Gaters acquired Virginia Wade in a three-way trade with the Apples and the Seattle Cascades. Under the deal, Wade went from the Apples to the Golden Gaters, JoAnne Russell went from the Cascades to the Apples and Marita Redondo went from the Golden Gaters to the Cascades. Redondo did not play in WTT in 1977. After the 1977 season, she had been drafted by the Golden Gaters but not signed.[34] Tom Okker did not return to WTT for the 1978 season. He played clay-court tournaments in Europe which conflict with the WTT schedule. Player-coach Frew McMillan was the only Golden Gaters returning player in 1978. In addition to newcomers Mayer and Wade, Ilana Kloss returned to the league and the team after a two-year absence, and the Golden Gaters signed Michael Wayman and Marise Kruger. In June, the Golden Gaters hired Tom Dietrich as assistant coach replacing Henry Schneidman who remained with the organization.[35] Just before the start of the playoffs, the Golden Gaters signed Tom Leonard who was a regular member of the playoff lineup.[36]
The Golden Gaters suffered through their first (and only) losing season in 1978, finishing with 21 wins and 23 losses, third place in the Western Division. They met the
Following the 1978 season, eight of the 10 WTT franchises folded leaving only the Golden Gaters and the Racquets prepared to participate in the 1979 season. A few weeks after most of the franchises announced they were folding, WTT announced the creating of three new expansion franchises in Dallas, Los Angeles and San Diego and said that there would be five more expansion franchises chosen from a pool of candidates.[39] WTT suspended operations of the league in March 1979, ending the Golden Gaters existence.[40]
Season-by-season records
The following table shows regular season records, playoff results and titles won by the San Francisco Golden Gaters.
Year | W | L | PCT | Playoff result | Titles won |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1974 | 23 | 21 | .523 | Lost in Western Division Semifinals | |
1975 | 29 | 15 | .659 | Won Western Division Championship Series Lost in WTT Finals |
Western Division Champions |
1976 | 28 | 16 | .636 | Won Western Division Championship Series Lost in WTT Finals |
Western Division Champions |
1977 | 25 | 19 | .568 | Lost in Western Division Semifinals | |
1978 | 21 | 23 | .477 | Lost in WTT Quarterfinals | |
Totals | 126 | 94 | .573 | WTT Finals: 0 wins, 2 losses, .000 All Playoff Series: 2 wins, 5 losses, .286 |
WTT Champions - 0 Western Division Champions - 2 (1975, 1976) |
Home courts
The following table shows home courts used by the San Francisco Golden Gaters.
Venue | Location | Duration | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Start | End | |||
Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum Arena |
Oakland, California | 1974 | 1978 | Primary home venue |
Cow Palace | Daly City, California | 1975 | 1975 | Alternate venue used for 1975 playoffs |
Individual honors
The following table shows individual honors bestowed upon players and coaches of the San Francisco Golden Gaters.
Year | Player/Coach | Award |
---|---|---|
1975 | Tom Okker | Male Most Valuable Player |
1975 | Frew McMillan | Coach of the Year |
1976 | Tom Okker | Male All-Star Match Most Valuable Player |
1977 | Frew McMillan | Male Most Valuable Player |
1978 | Frew McMillan | Male Most Valuable Player |
Hall of Fame players
The following players who are enshrined in the International Tennis Hall of Fame played for the San Francisco Golden Gaters:
Final roster
The San Francisco Golden Gaters final roster for the 1978 season was
- Frew McMillan, Player-Coach
- Tom Dietrich, Assistant Coach
- Ilana Kloss
- Marise Kruger
- Tom Leonard
- Sandy Mayer
- Virginia Wade
- Michael Wayman
See also
- World Team Tennis
References
- ^ "Tennis League Formed". Odessa American. May 23, 1973. p. 12.
- ^ a b Chatoian, Ralph (April 23, 1974). "An Analysis of the Pro Tennis League". Daily Independent Journal. San Rafael, California. p. 28.
- ^ Christine, Bill (September 26, 1973). "Playing Games". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. p. 25. Retrieved August 20, 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "World Team Tennis Life Events". World TeamTennis. Retrieved August 16, 2014.
- ^ "She Drafted Herself". Argus-Press. Owosso, Michigan. August 8, 1973. p. 16.
- ^ "World Champ A's Lose to Gaters: Team Tennis Outdraws Baseball". Charleston Daily Mail. May 9, 1974. p. 29.
- San Mateo Times. August 16, 1974. p. 19.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Steve Dimitry's Extinct Sports Leagues: World Team Tennis (1974–1978)". Steve Dimitry. 1998. Retrieved August 16, 2014.
- ^ a b Sakamoto, Gordon (August 7, 1977). "WTT Gaters Success at Gate". Reading Eagle. p. 78. Retrieved August 19, 2014.
- ^ "A roundup of the week April 14–20". Sports Illustrated. April 28, 1975. Retrieved August 18, 2014.
- ^ Chatoian, Ralph (May 23, 1975). "Gaters Teen-Agers Win". Daily Independent Journal. San Rafael, California. p. 39.
- ^ "Gaters Ink Ann, Kate". Times. San Mateo, California. April 28, 1975. p. 20.
- ^ "Gaters to Host Billie Jean, Sets". Daily Independent Journal. San Rafael, California. May 9, 1975. p. 43.
- ^ "Newcombe, Hawaii Face Golden Gaters". Santa Cruz Sentinel. August 15, 1975. p. 34.
- ^ Rux, Jack (August 20, 1975). "Stove Leads Gaters into Shot at WTT Title". Oakland Tribune. p. 73.
- .
- ^ "Gaters Assign Evert Rights to Phoenix". Redlands Daily Facts. October 30, 1975. p. 8.
- ^ a b c d e Chatoian, Ralph (March 9, 1976). "Golden Gaters Add Some French to Arsenal". Daily Independent Journal. San Rafael, California. p. 24.
- ^ "Did You Know?: 35th Season WTT Trivia". World TeamTennis. Retrieved August 19, 2014.
- ^ "WTT Rosters". The Arizona Republic. May 2, 1976. p. 125.
- Gettysburg Times. April 27, 1976. p. 8. Retrieved August 19, 2014.
- ^ "Gaters Get Rights to Panatta". Oakland Tribune. June 29, 1976. p. 36.
- ^ "Stove Dumps Evert in Gater Romp". The Argus. Fremont, California. August 17, 1976. p. 13.
- ^ "Doubles Difference: Gaters Top Racquets for Division Crown". Casa Grande Dispatch. August 18, 1976. p. 8.
- ^ "Sets Take First Win in Playoffs". The Spokesman-Review. Spokane, Washington. August 21, 1976. p. D3. Retrieved August 20, 2014.
- Herald Statesman. Yonkers, New York. August 24, 1976. p. 26.
- The San Bernardino County Sun. August 28, 1976. p. 31.
- ^ .
- ^ Eskenazi, David; Rudman, Steve (July 19, 2011). "Wayback Machine: Tom Gorman and the Cascades". SportspressNW.com. Retrieved August 20, 2014.
- ^ "Pro Tennis Roundup". News-Journal. Mansfield, Ohio. August 18, 1977. p. 31.
- ^ "Transactions". The Lima News. March 24, 1978. p. 16.
- ^ "It's Veni, Vidi, Vici for Vitas". Sports Illustrated. August 15, 1977. Retrieved August 20, 2014.
- ^ "Apples Acquire Vitas Gerulaitis". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. February 14, 1978. p. C-5. Retrieved August 20, 2014.
- ^ "Cascades Involved in Three-Way Trade". The Register-Guard. Eugene, Oregon. March 4, 1978. p. 2C. Retrieved August 20, 2014.
- The Galveston Daily News. June 3, 1978. p. 14.
- ^ "Leonard Signs with Gaters". The Tuscaloosa News. August 17, 1978. p. 20. Retrieved August 20, 2014.
- ^ Mylan WTT Media Guide 2014 (PDF). p. 21. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-08-01.
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ignored (help) - ^ "Strings 29, Gaters 17". Kokomo Tribune. August 16, 1978. p. 28.
- The San Bernardino County Sun. December 1, 1978. p. 65.
- ^ Crossley, Andy (April 1, 2011). "1974-1978 Los Angeles Strings". Fun While It Lasted. Retrieved August 11, 2014.