San Gabriel Valley
San Gabriel Valley | |
---|---|
Area | 200 sq mi (520 km2) |
Naming | |
Native name | Valle de San Gabriel (Spanish) |
Geography | |
Location | California, United States |
Borders on | San Gabriel Mountains (north), San Rafael Hills (west), Puente Hills (south), Chino Hills and San Jose Hills (east) |
Coordinates | 34°06′N 118°00′W / 34.1°N 118.0°W |
The San Gabriel Valley (
- the San Gabriel Mountains to the north;[1]
- the San Rafael Hills to the west,[2] with the Los Angeles Basin beyond;
- the Crescenta Valley to the northwest;
- the Puente Hills to the south,[3] with the coastal plain of Orange County beyond;
- the Inland Empirebeyond; and
- the city limits of Los Angeles, bordering its western edge.
The San Gabriel Valley derives its name from the San Gabriel River that flows southward through the center of the valley, which itself was named for the Spanish Mission San Gabriel Arcángel originally built in the Whittier Narrows in 1771.
Once predominantly agricultural, the San Gabriel Valley today is almost entirely urbanized and is an integral part of the Greater Los Angeles metropolitan area. It is one of the most ethnically diverse regions in the country. Covering about 200 sq mi (520 km2) in area, the valley includes 31 cities and five unincorporated communities.[4] It is located entirely within Los Angeles County.
Cities and communities
The incorporated cities and unincorporated neighborhoods of the San Gabriel Valley include:
- Altadena
- Alhambra
- Arcadia
- Avocado Heights
- Azusa
- Baldwin Park
- Bassett
- Bradbury
- Charter Oak
- Citrus
- City of Industry
- Covina
- Diamond Bar
- Duarte
- East Pasadena
- El Monte
- Glendora
- Hacienda Heights
- Hillgrove
- Irwindale
- La Puente
- Los Angeles (El Sereno)
- Mayflower Village
- Monrovia
- Montebello (northern portion)
- Monterey Park
- North El Monte
- Pasadena
- Pomona
- Ramona
- Rosemead
- Rowland Heights
- Rose Hills
- San Dimas
- San Gabriel
- San Marino
- San Pasqual
- Sierra Madre
- South El Monte
- South Pasadena
- South San Gabriel
- South San Jose Hills
- Temple City
- Valinda
- Vincent
- Walnut
- West Covina
- West Puente Valley
Whittier, like Montebello, is considered a part of the Gateway Cities region.[6] An unincorporated portion of Whittier, Rose Hills, sits below the Puente Hills. While Montebello is considered to be part of the Gateway Cities region, the northern portion of Montebello is part of the San Gabriel Valley.[7]
Early history
Before the arrival of the
The first Europeans to see inland areas of California were the members of the 1769
The San Gabriel mission did well in establishing cattle ranching and farming, but six years after its founding a destructive flood led the mission fathers to relocate the establishment to its current location farther north in present-day city of San Gabriel. The original mission site is now marked by a California Historical Landmark.[13]
During the early years of the mission, the region operated under a Rancho system. The lands which now compose the city of Montebello were originally parts of Rancho San Antonio, Rancho La Merced, and Rancho Paso de Bartolo. The Juan Matias Sanchez Adobe, built in 1844, remains standing at the center of old Rancho La Merced in Eastern Montebello in the La Merced area. Recently restored, it is the city's oldest structure.
Mission San Gabriel Arcángel served a central role in Spanish colonial society, with many of the area's first Mexican settlers being baptized at the mission, including
The
In 1853, with a contingent of Army Engineers passing through searching for the best route to build a railroad, Geologist
Following the American Civil War, some 5,000 acres (20 km2) of the East Los Angeles region were owned by an Italian settler from Genoa, Alessandro Repetto. After Repetto's death in 1885, his brother sold his rancho to a consortium of five Los Angeles businessmen including banker Isaias Hellman and wholesale grocer/historian Harris Newmark for $60,000, about $12 an acre.[14]
Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, and South Asian pioneers and settlers first came to the San Gabriel Valley in the mid-19th century. These pioneers worked the fields, picked the grapes and citrus fruit, and built part the infrastructure of today's San Gabriel Valley.[17] In the 1920s Japanese immigrants arrived in Monterey Park to work as farmhands.
The discovery of oil by
The cities of Whittier, Covina and Pasadena were formerly the sites of the citrus industry. In addition, the oil, dairy and cattle industries used to flourish in the southern region of the SGV. Many equestrian trails in the San Gabriel Valley—specifically, in Covina and Walnut—have disappeared or fallen into disuse. The remaining rural countryside-like areas include the area between eastern West Covina and Cal Poly Pomona and in Walnut and Diamond Bar and La Puente.
Timeline
- 1769: First Europeans pass through in the Spanish Portola Expedition.
- 1771: Mission San Gabriel established. The entire valley eventually becomes mission-controlled ranch and agricultural land. Native tribes are absorbed into the mission system.
- 1774: First Europeans reach the valley from the east, an expedition led by Juan Bautista de Anza.
- 1834: With the secularization of the missions, former mission lands are divided into large land grants called ranchos.
- 1886: Los Angeles and San Gabriel Valley Railroad opens.
- 1890: The first Tournament of RosesParade is presented in Pasadena.
- 1914: Erection of the first two tents which were the first building blocks of today's City of Hope National Medical Center
- 1920: The California Institute of Technology or Caltech opens in Pasadena (previously Throop College of Technology, est. 1891).
- 1941: The first freeway in the United States, Arroyo Seco Parkway (now part of California 110, north of downtown Los Angeles), opens.
- 1942–1944 Japanese internment camp at Santa Anita Park during World War II, with up to 17,000 people living in horse stables.
- 1940s–1950s: San Gabriel Valley changes from acres of farmland to suburban bedroom community.
- 1957: San Bernardino Freeway(Interstate 10) opens.
- 1970s–1980s: Taiwanese immigrants began settling in Monterey Park and its neighborhoods.
- 1980s–present Chinese and Hong Kong immigrants began to settle in Alhambra, Arcadia, El Monte, Monterey Park, Rosemead, San Gabriel, and San Marino.
Demographics and ethnic diversity
This section needs additional citations for verification. (October 2014) |
The total population of the San Gabriel Valley in the
The age distribution in the San Gabriel Valley was a little unusual when compared with the county. A larger share of the population was aged 10–19, 15.5% versus 14.8% for the county. Also, the Valley had a higher share of people over 45 years of age. The income ranges in the San Gabriel Valley area are also quite wide. The highest median household income was found in San Marino ($117,267), followed by Bradbury ($100,454). At the other end of the scale was El Monte with a median household income of $32,439. Four other cities in the Valley had household incomes of less than $40,000.[19]
Significant percentages of all major ethnic groups reside in San Gabriel Valley communities, and the area is in general one of the most ethnically diverse regions in the country. The majority of people residing in the San Gabriel Valley are
The communities of Glendora, La Verne, Claremont, Monrovia, Sierra Madre, Pasadena, South Pasadena, and San Dimas have significant Caucasian populations.The Gabrieleno/Tongva of San Gabriel are headquartered in San Gabriel.[8] A small Native American population is also located in Arcadia, Rowland Heights, Walnut, and Diamond Bar. Despite the European influx they remained an integral part of the Southern California community, and continue to in the present day.[8]
The
Montebello is home to the oldest Armenian community in Los Angeles County and home to
Hispanics, predominately
Asian American influx
This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2013) |
The San Gabriel Valley has the largest concentration of
There are many
Early Chinese pioneers settled into the Valley mostly as laborers.[26] They packed oranges, picked walnuts, did construction, owned or worked in laundries, and worked as cooks and servants in the homes of the wealthy. Mostly a bachelor society, the early Chinese did not leave many descendants. By the late 1880s, there was a growing Japanese pioneer population. Filipinos and Asian Indians also served as laborers in the valley.
Almost a century later, in the wake of the San Gabriel Valley's burgeoning population of Asian Americans, they have become a dominant cultural force.
Monterey Park is a microcosm of changing demographics, highlighting Asian American history and evolution in the San Gabriel Valley. Rosemead has a smaller group of Vietnamese and Chinese business districts. There are also small pockets of Chinese American businesses that are scattered throughout San Gabriel Valley cities. In Rowland Heights, a handful of Korean American strip malls co-exist with Chinese American businesses. Another ethnic enclave is the Filipino American business district of Little Manila, in West Covina along with an Asian indoor and outdoor shopping center. Small Chinatowns have sprung up in many cities throughout the valley.
By the
Arts and culture
The San Gabriel Valley is home to the annual
As the oldest incorporated community in the valley, the City of Pasadena serves as a cultural center for the San Gabriel Valley.
The city of
The California Institute of Technology, Caltech, is located in Pasadena. The university is ranked in the top 10 universities worldwide by metrics such as citation index, Nobel Prizes, and general university rankings. Caltech is also responsible for the well-known Jet Propulsion Laboratory, which designs and engineers many of NASA's spacecraft.[38]
The city of
Huy Fong's Sriracha sauce, the ubiquitous Sriracha sauce found at Vietnamese restaurants across the western world, manufactures and is headquartered in Irwindale.[40]
Naked Juice, now a division of PepsiCo, is headquartered in Monrovia.
Panda Express was launched as a fast food version of the Panda Inn restaurant in Pasadena in 1983. The company's headquarters are in Rosemead.
Trader Joe's opened its first location in Pasadena in 1967. The company's headquarters are now in Monrovia.
Politics and government
Most cities have their own local mayor, city council, police and fire departments. Unincorporated areas such as Hacienda Heights and Rowland Heights are governed by the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors, and the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department has jurisdiction in these areas.
In many unincorporated areas, advisory town councils guide the decisions, made by a supervisor or city manager. Often these groups began as collaborations of local
In 2003, voters in the unincorporated community of
Transportation
Foothill Transit and the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority provide bus transit services throughout the valley. El Monte Station, a large regional bus station, provides transportation to Union Station in downtown Los Angeles via the El Monte Busway, an 11-mile (18 km) shared-use bus corridor (transitway).[18] The Metrolink San Bernardino Line commuter train runs westward to Downtown Los Angeles and eastward to San Bernardino through the valley. Most of the public transit via bus in the valley is provided by Foothill Transit.
On March 5, 2016, the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority opened the
Several cities provide their own in-city transportation shuttles. Cities known to provide such service are:
- Alhambra[42]
- Arcadia[43]
- Baldwin Park[44]
- Duarte[45]
- Glendora[46]
- La Puente[47]
- Monrovia[48]
- Montebello[49]
- Monterey Park[50]
- Pasadena[51]
- Temple City[52]
- West Covina[53]
The San Gabriel Valley is served by several major freeways:
- the Foothill Freeway (State Route 210)
- the Ventura Freeway (State Route 134)
- the San Bernardino Freeway (Interstate 10)
- the Pomona Freeway (State Route 60)
- the Pasadena Freeway (State Route 110)
- the Long Beach Freeway (Interstate 710)
- the San Gabriel River Freeway (Interstate 605)
- the Orange Freeway (State Route 57)
I-710 ends abruptly at the western border of Alhambra, near California State University, Los Angeles, with an unsigned spur of I-710 starting again in Pasadena at California Boulevard and ending at the junction of I-210 and SR 134. Efforts to complete the freeway were met with fierce opposition, including the possibility of using advanced tunneling technologies to overcome objections by South Pasadena.[54] The gap will no longer be constructed, and both Pasadena and Alhambra are exploring options on the future of their respective spurs.
At the eastern end of the San Gabriel Valley, the eastern freeway segment of SR 210 (formerly designated SR 30 and still signed as such in some places in San Bernardino County) between SR 57 and I-15 had been a source of similar contention in the bordering community of La Verne, but was finally constructed and added to the Foothill Freeway in 2002.
State Route 39 leads north into the San Gabriel Mountains to the Crystal Lake Recreation Area.[55] The portion connecting the recreation area to the Angeles Crest Highway (State Route 2) has been closed to the public since the early 1970s due to massive damage and rockslides.
General aviation is served by San Gabriel Valley Airport (EMT) in El Monte, and Brackett Field (POC) in Pomona. Commercial aviation is served by the five major Southern California airports: Los Angeles International Airport (LAX), Hollywood Burbank Airport (BUR), Ontario International Airport (ONT), Long Beach Airport (LGB), and John Wayne Airport (SNA).
Media
The local daily English-language newspapers are the Los Angeles Times, which includes a real estate and automotive advertising section for the San Gabriel Valley/Inland Empire, the San Gabriel Valley Tribune, and the Pasadena Star-News, which operates from its Monrovia office. The Pasadena Star-News covers the Pasadena/Arcadia area and the Tribune covers the central and eastern San Gabriel Valley communities. Business news is covered by the San Gabriel Valley Business Journal.
Other San Gabriel Valley-wide publications include the weekly Mountain Views News, San Gabriel Valley NOW, and the San Gabriel Valley Examiner that serve the foothill communities, the Mid Valley News which serves the central San Gabriel Valley, and the Beacon Media weekly newspaper chain, whose weekly newspapers cover several San Gabriel Valley cities. The South Pasadena Review serves South Pasadena and the San Marino Tribune serves San Marino. Additionally, the cities of Alhambra, Glendora, Azusa, San Dimas and La Verne have monthly community newspapers that are published on the first Friday of every month. These papers include Around Alhambra, Glendora Community News, Azusa Community News, San Dimas Community News and the La Verne Community News, all distributed directly to each mailing address. The Alhambra Source[56] is a USC Annenberg-backed community news site founded in 2010. The site is based on research into local information need, and includes a multilingual cadre of volunteer and young adult contributors. It is published online every weekday and includes select content in Spanish and Chinese as well as English. In the eastern part of the valley, Claremont has its own community newspaper called the Claremont Courier.
Several large newspaper publishing companies serve the large Chinese-speaking readership in the
In popular culture
Many films have been filmed on location in the San Gabriel Valley. Chantry Flats above Arcadia is featured as the landing site of aliens in the original film "War of the Worlds". South Pasadena and Alhambra served as the gloomy backgrounds of a fictional Illinois town of Haddonfield in John Carpenter's 1978 horror film Halloween. Some areas of Pasadena and South Pasadena have a distinctly Midwestern look.[citation needed] Pasadena's distinctive domed City Hall has doubled as a courthouse or capitol building in countless television commercials and movies, and its South Lake shopping district filled in for Rodeo Drive in Beverly Hills Ninja.
The city of San Marino has acted as a backdrop for a number of films and television shows. Major studio motion pictures filmed in San Marino include
The cities of Temple City and Rosemead served as the backdrop for the Emmy Award-winning television series The Wonder Years (1988 to 1993). While Temple City's Las Tunas Drive served as the downtown for the Arnold Family's fictitious hometown, Rosemead High School stood in for the town's high school. Downtown Covina was used in the show "Roswell."
The city of Whittier also hosts film crews for various
Climate
Like much of the Los Angeles region, the San Gabriel Valley enjoys a warm, sunny year-round Mediterranean climate. Rain is sporadic. Due to the Eastern San Gabriel Valley, (East of State Route 57) being more inland, the area is subject to hotter summers and colder winters. Light snow is extremely rare in the Valley but can often be viewed on the nearby San Gabriel Mountains.
Climate data for Baldwin Park, California: one of the cities in the San Gabriel Valley | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 70 (21) |
71 (22) |
72 (22) |
77 (25) |
79 (26) |
84 (29) |
89 (32) |
90 (32) |
88 (31) |
83 (28) |
76 (24) |
71 (22) |
75 (24) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 43 (6) |
45 (7) |
47 (8) |
50 (10) |
55 (13) |
59 (15) |
62 (17) |
63 (17) |
61 (16) |
55 (13) |
46 (8) |
42 (6) |
50 (10) |
Source: weather.com[58] |
Institutions of higher learning
The San Gabriel Valley is home to a number of post-secondary educational institutions, including the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), the Claremont Colleges, and California State Polytechnic University, Pomona (Cal Poly Pomona)."[59]
- Alliant International University, private (for-profit) – Alhambra
- Art Center College of Design, private, nonprofit – Pasadena
- Azusa Pacific University (APU), private university – Azusa
- California Institute of Advanced Management (CIAM), private, not-for-profit graduate school located in EL Monte
- California Institute of Technology (Caltech), private university – Pasadena
- California State Polytechnic University, Pomona (Cal Poly Pomona), public university – Pomona
- California State University, Los Angeles, public university – Los Angeles
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, private, not-for-profit graduate school located at the City of Hope in Duarte
- Claremont Graduate University, private graduate university – Claremont
- Claremont McKenna College, private college – Claremont
- Citrus College, community college – Glendora
- Digital Business & Design College (DBD), private (for-profit) college – El Monte
- East Los Angeles College (ELAC), community college – Monterey Park
- Fuller Theological Seminary, private college – Pasadena
- Harvey Mudd College, private college – Claremont
- ITT Technical Institute (ITT Tech), private (for-profit) college – San Dimas
- Keck Graduate Institute, private graduate university – Claremont
- Life Pacific College, private Bible college – San Dimas
- Mt. San Antonio College (Mt. SAC), community college – Walnut
- Occidental College, private college – Eagle Rock
- Pasadena City College (PCC), community college – Pasadena
- Pitzer College, private college – Claremont
- Pomona College, private college – Claremont
- Rio Hondo College, community college – Whittier
- Scripps College, private college – Claremont
- University of La Verne, private college – La Verne
- University of Phoenix, adult education (for-profit) – Diamond Bar and Pasadena
- University of the West (UWest), private university – Rosemead
- Western University of Health Sciences (WU), private university – Pomona
- Whittier College (WC), private college – Whittier
- William Carey International University, private (for-profit) university – Pasadena
Local sites of interest
- California Botanic Garden – Claremont
- Descanso Gardens – La Cañada Flintridge
- Frank G. Bonelli Regional County Park, man-made park – San Dimas
- Pomona Fox Theater – Pomona
- Westfield Santa Anita– Arcadia (largest mall in San Gabriel Valley)
- Homestead Museum, site of Pío Pico's burial – City of Industry
- Hsi Lai Temple – Hacienda Heights
- Huntington Library and Botanical Gardens – San Marino
- Los Angeles County Fair– Pomona
- Auto Club Raceway at Pomona– Pomona
- Toyota Speedway at Irwindale– Irwindale
- Los Angeles County Arboretum and Botanic Garden – Arcadia
- Mission San Gabriel Arcángel – San Gabriel
- Montclair Plaza(Mall that serves the Eastern San Gabriel Valley) – Montclair
- Norton Simon Museum – Pasadena
- Old Town Pasadena– Pasadena
- Pio Pico State Historic Park– Whittier
- Raging Waters – San Dimas
- Rose Bowl – Pasadena
- Rubel Castle – Glendora
- Santa Anita Park, horse racing – Arcadia
- Santa Fe Dam Recreation Area – Irwindale
- Vroman's Bookstore, oldest independent bookstore – Pasadena
- The Ice House, Pasadena comedy club
- Rose Hills Memorial Park, Whittier
- Pio Pico House, Whittier
Company headquarters
- Avery Dennison Corporation(packaging products) – Pasadena
- Community Bank – Pasadena
- East West Bank (large Chinese American bank) – Pasadena
- Edison International (large energy provider) – Rosemead
- Huy Fong Foods (leader in Asian hot sauce) – Irwindale
- OneWest Bank – Pasadena
- Viewsonic(computer monitors) – Walnut
- Panda Restaurant Group (Largest Chinese Restaurant chain) – Rosemead
- Trader Joe's (food market) – Monrovia
- Western Asset(investment firm) – Pasadena
Area codes
Most of the San Gabriel Valley lies within the 626 area code. Montebello, Whittier, and portions of its valley neighbors are in the 323 and 562 area codes. Some of northwestern Pasadena is also serviced by the 818 area code. Most of the communities in the Eastern San Gabriel Valley which lie east of State Route 57 are located in the 909 area code.
See also
- Category: San Gabriel Valley
- Greater Los Angeles Area
- Pomona Valley
- San Gabriel Mountains Regional Conservancy
- San Fernando Valley
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