San Francisco Bay Area
San Francisco Bay Area | |
---|---|
Oakland | |
Country | United States |
State | California |
Subregions | |
Counties | |
Core cities | Oakland San Francisco San Jose |
Other municipalities | |
Area | |
Website | bayareametro |
The San Francisco Bay Area, commonly known as the Bay Area, is a region of California.[8] The Association of Bay Area Governments defines the Bay Area as including the nine counties that border the estuaries of San Francisco, San Pablo, and Suisun: Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, Napa, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Solano, Sonoma, and San Francisco. Other definitions may be either smaller or larger, and may include neighboring counties such as the Central Coast counties of Santa Cruz, San Benito, and Monterey, or the Central Valley counties of San Joaquin, Merced, and Stanislaus.[9] The Bay Area is known for its natural beauty, progressive politics, prominent universities, technology companies, and affluence. The Bay Area contains many cities, towns, airports, and associated regional, state, and national parks, connected by a complex multimodal transportation network.
The earliest
The Bay Area is home to approximately 7.52 million people.
Despite its urban character, the San Francisco Bay is one of California's most ecologically sensitive habitats, providing important
History
The Coyote Hills Shell Mound, the earliest known archaeological evidence of human habitation of the Bay Area estuaries, dates to around 10,000 BCE, with evidence pointing to even earlier settlement in
At the time of colonization, the Ohlone peoples in the Bay Area primarily lived on the San Francisco Peninsula, in the South Bay and in the East Bay, and the Miwok primarily lived in the North Bay, northern East Bay, and Central Valley.
.In 1542,
In 1595,
The Bay Area estuaries remained unknown to Europeans until members of the Portolá expedition, while trekking along the California coast, encountered it in 1769 when the Golden Gate blocked their continued journey north.[29] Several missions were founded in the Bay Area during this period. In 1806, a Spanish expedition led by Gabriel Moraga began at the Presidio, traveled south of the bay, and then east to explore the San Joaquin Valley.[30]
In 1821, Mexico
In 1848,
During this same time, a
In the early morning of April 18, 1906,
During the
After World War II, the United Nations was chartered in San Francisco, and in September 1951, the Treaty of San Francisco to re-establish peaceful relations between Japan and the Allied Powers was signed in San Francisco, entering into force a year later.[50] In the years immediately following the war, the Bay Area saw a huge wave of immigration as populations increased across the region. Between 1950 and 1960, San Francisco welcomed over 100,000 new residents, inland suburbs in the East Bay saw their populations double, Daly City's population quadrupled, and Santa Clara's population quintupled.[46]
By the early 1960s, the Bay Area and the rest of
In 1989, in the middle of a
Even as the growth of the technology sector transformed the region's economy,
The Bay Area was also the center of contentious protests concerning racial and
By August 2023, San Francisco was in such severe decline that Mayor Matt Mahan of San Jose joked that one day the region might be renamed the "San Jose Bay Area", after its largest and most prosperous city.[63]
Geography
Boundaries
The borders of the San Francisco Bay Area are not officially delineated, and the unique development patterns influenced by the region's topography, as well as unusual commute patterns caused by the presence of three central cities and employment centers located in various suburban locales, has led to considerable disagreement between local and federal definitions of the area.[64] Because of this, professor of geography at the University of California, Berkeley Richard Walker claimed that "no other U.S. city-region is as definitionally challenged [as the Bay Area]."[64]
When the region began to rapidly develop during and immediately after
Various
The Association of Bay Area Health Officers (ABAHO), an organization that has fought local outbreaks of HIV/AIDS in 1980s and with COVID-19 pandemic and Deltacron hybrid variant (2020–22), consists of the public health officers of 9 Bay Area counties, in addition to the Central Coast counties of Santa Cruz, San Benito, and Monterey and the city of Berkeley.
County | 2022 estimate | 2020–22 change |
2020 Population | 2010 Population | 2010–20 change |
2020 Density (per sq mi) | MSA
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alameda |
1,628,997 | -3.2% | 1,682,353 | 1,510,271 | +11.4% | 2,281.3 | San Francisco–Oakland–Berkeley |
Contra Costa | 1,156,966 | -0.8% | 1,165,927 | 1,049,025 | +11.1% | 1,626.3 | |
Marin | 256,018 | -2.4% | 262,321 | 252,409 | +3.9% | 504.1 | |
San Francisco | 808,437 | -7.5% | 873,965 | 805,235 | +8.5% | 18,629.1 | |
San Mateo | 729,181 | -4.6% | 764,442 | 718,451 | +6.4% | 1,704.0 | |
San Benito | 67,579 | +5.3% | 64,209 | 55,269 | +16.2% | 46.2 | San Jose–Sunnyvale–Santa Clara |
Santa Clara | 1,870,945 | -3.4% | 1,936,259 | 1,781,642 | +8.7% | 1,499.7 | |
Napa | 134,300 | -2.7% | 138,019 | 136,484 | +1.1% | 184.4 | Napa |
Solano | 448,747 | -1.0% | 453,491 | 413,344 | +9.7% | 551.8 | Vallejo–Fairfield |
Sonoma† | 482,650 | -1.3% | 488,863 | 483,878 | +1.0% | 310.3 | Santa Rosa–Petaluma |
Merced | 290,014 | +3.1% | 281,202 | 255,793 | +9.9% | 145.1 | Merced |
Santa Cruz | 264,370 | -2.4% | 270,861 | 262,382 | +3.2% | 608.5 | Santa Cruz–Watsonville |
San Joaquin | 793,229 | +1.3% | 779,233 | 685,306 | +13.7% | 559.6 | Stockton–Lodi |
Stanislaus | 551,275 | -0.3% | 552,878 | 514,453 | +7.5% | 369.6 | Modesto |
Subregions
Among locals, the nine-county Bay Area is divided into five sub-regions: the
The "
The "
-
East Bay
-
South Bay
-
North Bay
-
Peninsula
The "Peninsula" subregion includes the cities and towns on the San Francisco Peninsula, excluding the titular city of San Francisco. Its eastern half, which runs alongside the Bay, is highly populated, while its less populated western coast traces the coastline of the Pacific Ocean and is known for its open space and hiking trails. Roughly coinciding with the borders of San Mateo County, it also includes the northwestern Santa Clara County cities of Palo Alto, Mountain View, and Los Altos.[76]
Although geographically located on the tip of the San Francisco Peninsula, the city of San Francisco is not considered part of the "Peninsula" subregion, but as a separate entity.[77][78]
The term "South Bay" has different meanings to different groups: Writing in 1959 for the Army Corps of Engineers, the United States Department of Commerce defined the South Bay as comprising five counties, corresponding to their two-way division of the bay into north and south regions.[79] In 1989, the federal Environmental Protection Agency defined the South Bay as the northern part of Santa Clara County and the southeastern part of San Mateo County.[80] This latter definition corresponds to common usage.[81]
Climate
The Bay Area is located in the
Due to the Bay Area's diverse
During the summer, rising hot air in California's interior valleys creates a low pressure area that draws winds from the
Along the San Francisco peninsula, gaps in the
City | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fairfield[86] | 55 / 39 (13 / 4) |
61 / 42 (16 / 6) |
66 / 45 (19 / 7) |
71 / 47 (22 / 8) |
78 / 52 (26 / 11) |
85 / 56 (29 / 13) |
90 / 58 (32 / 14) |
89 / 57 (32 / 14) |
86 / 56 (30 / 13) |
78 / 51 (26 / 11) |
65 / 44 (18 / 7) |
55 / 39 (13 / 4) |
Oakland[87] | 58 / 44 (14 / 7) |
67 / 47 (19 / 8) |
64 / 49 (18 / 9) |
66 / 50 (19 / 10) |
69 / 53 (21 / 12) |
72 / 55 (22 / 13) |
72 / 56 (22 / 13) |
73 / 58 (23 / 14) |
74 / 57 (23 / 14) |
72 / 54 (22 / 12) |
65 / 49 (18 / 9) |
58 / 45 (14 / 7) |
San Francisco[88] | 57 / 46 (14 / 8) |
60 / 48 (16 / 9) |
62 / 49 (17 / 9) |
63 / 49 (17 / 9) |
64 / 51 (18 / 11) |
66 / 53 (19 / 12) |
66 / 54 (19 / 12) |
68 / 55 (20 / 13) |
70 / 55 (21 / 13) |
69 / 54 (21 / 12) |
63 / 50 (17 / 10) |
57 / 46 (14 / 8) |
San Jose[89] | 58 / 42 (14 / 6) |
62 / 45 (17 / 7) |
66 / 47 (19 / 8) |
69 / 49 (21 / 9) |
74 / 52 (23 / 11) |
79 / 56 (26 / 13) |
82 / 58 (28 / 14) |
82 / 58 (28 / 14) |
80 / 57 (27 / 14) |
74 / 53 (23 / 12) |
64 / 46 (18 / 8) |
58 / 42 (14 / 6) |
Santa Rosa[90] | 59 / 39 (15 / 4) |
63 / 41 (17 / 5) |
67 / 43 (19 / 6) |
70 / 45 (21 / 7) |
75 / 48 (24 / 9) |
80 / 52 (27 / 11) |
82 / 52 (28 / 11) |
83 / 53 (28 / 12) |
83 / 52 (28 / 11) |
78 / 48 (26 / 9) |
67 / 43 (19 / 6) |
59 / 39 (15 / 4) |
Ecology
Marine wildlife
The Bay Area is home to a diverse array of wildlife and, along with the connected
There is also a significant diversity of
Aquatic mammals are also present in the bay. Before 1825, Spanish, French, English, Russians and Americans were drawn to the Bay Area to harvest prodigious quantities of
Birds
In addition to the many species of marine birds that can be seen in the Bay Area, many other species of birds make the Bay Area their home, making the region a popular destination for birdwatching.[108] Many birds are listed as endangered species despite once being common in the region.
In 1927,
Geology and landforms
The Bay Area is well known for the complexity of its landforms that are the result of the forces of
The region has considerable vertical relief in its landscapes that are not in the alluvial plains leading to the bay or in inland valleys. The topography, and geologic history, of the Bay Area can largely be attributed to the compressive forces between the Pacific Plate and the North American plate.[122]
The three major ridge structures in the Bay Area, part of the
In total, the Bay Area is traversed by seven major
Hydrography
The Bay Area is home to a complex network of watersheds, marshes, rivers, creeks, reservoirs, and bays that predominantly drain into the
Prior to the introduction of European agricultural methods, the shores of San Francisco Bay consisted mostly of tidal marshes.[130] Today, the bay has been significantly altered heavily re-engineered to accommodate the needs of water delivery, shipping, agriculture, and urban development, with side effects including the loss of wetlands and the introduction of contaminants and invasive species.[131] Approximately 85% of those marshes have been lost or destroyed, but about 50 marshes and marsh fragments remain.[130] Huge tracts of the marshes were originally destroyed by farmers for agricultural purposes, then repurposed to serve as salt evaporation ponds to produce salt for food and other purposes.[132] Today, regulations limit the destruction of tidal marshes, and large portions are currently being rehabilitated to their natural state.[130]
Over time, droughts and wildfires have increased in frequency and become less seasonal and more year-round, further straining the region's water security.[133][134][135]
Demographics
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1860 | 114,074 | — | |
1870 | 265,808 | 133.0% | |
1880 | 422,128 | 58.8% | |
1890 | 547,618 | 29.7% | |
1900 | 658,111 | 20.2% | |
1910 | 925,708 | 40.7% | |
1920 | 1,182,911 | 27.8% | |
1930 | 1,578,009 | 33.4% | |
1940 | 1,734,308 | 9.9% | |
1950 | 2,681,322 | 54.6% | |
1960 | 3,638,939 | 35.7% | |
1970 | 4,628,199 | 27.2% | |
1980 | 5,179,784 | 11.9% | |
1990 | 6,023,577 | 16.3% | |
2000 | 6,783,760 | 12.6% | |
2010 | 7,150,739 | 5.4% | |
2020 | 7,765,640 | 8.6% | |
Note: Nine-County Population Totals[58] |
According to the
residents of any race formed 23.5% of the population.The Bay Area cities of Vallejo, Suisun City, Oakland, San Leandro, Fairfield, and Richmond are among the most ethnically diverse cities in the United States.[138]
The
The
The
Since the economy of the Bay Area heavily relies on innovation and high-tech skills, a relatively educated population exists in the region. Roughly 87.4% of Bay Area residents have attained a high school degree or higher,[159] while 46% of adults in the Bay Area have earned a post-secondary degree or higher.[160]
Counties by population and ethnicity | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
County | Type | Population | White | Other | Asian | African | Native | Hispanic |
Alameda |
County | 1,494,876 | 46.2% | 13.8% | 26.2% | 12.5% | 1.3% | 22.2% |
Contra Costa | County | 1,037,817 | 63.2% | 12.5% | 14.3% | 9.1% | 0.5% | 23.9% |
Marin | County | 250,666 | 79.9% | 11.0% | 5.6% | 3.0% | 0.2% | 14.0% |
Napa | County | 135,377 | 81.3% | 8.9% | 6.8% | 2.0% | 0.3% | 31.5% |
San Francisco | City and county | 870,887 | 48.5% | 11.3% | 33.3% | 6.1% | 0.9% | 15.1% |
San Mateo | County | 711,622 | 59.6% | 11.1% | 24.6% | 2.9% | 1.8% | 24.9% |
Santa Clara | County | 1,762,754 | 50.9% | 13.8% | 31.8% | 2.6% | 0.4% | 26.6% |
Solano | County | 411,620 | 52.1% | 17.6% | 14.4% | 14.6% | 1.4% | 23.6% |
Sonoma | County | 478,551 | 81.6% | 11.3% | 4.0% | 1.2% | 1.5% | 24.3% |
Counties by population and income | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
County | Type | Population | Per capita income | Median household income | Median family income |
Alameda |
County | 1,494,876 | $34,937 | $70,821 | $87,012 |
Contra Costa | County | 1,037,817 | $38,141 | $79,135 | $93,437 |
Marin | County | 250,666 | $54,605 | $89,605 | $113,826 |
Napa | County | 135,377 | $35,309 | $68,641 | $79,884 |
San Francisco | City and county | 870,887 | $46,777 | $72,947 | $87,329 |
San Mateo | County | 711,622 | $45,346 | $87,633 | $104,370 |
Santa Clara | County | 1,762,754 | $40,698 | $89,064 | $103,255 |
Solano | County | 411,620 | $29,367 | $69,914 | $79,316 |
Sonoma | County | 478,551 | $33,119 | $64,343 | $78,227 |
Affluence
The Bay Area is the wealthiest region per capita in the United States, due, primarily, to the economic power engines of San Jose, San Francisco, and Oakland. The Bay Area city of Pleasanton has the second-highest household income in the country after New Canaan, Connecticut. However, discretionary income is very comparable with the rest of the country, primarily because the higher cost of living offsets the increased income.[161]
There are 285,000 millionaires living in the region, the third-highest amongst the world's metropolitan areas after New York City and Tokyo as of 2022.[162] The amount of wealth held by Bay Area residents is about $2.6 trillion, the second-highest in the world after New York City, and just ahead of Tokyo as of 2021.[163]
By 2014, the Bay Area's
magazine's 400 richest Americans list, published in 2007.Crime
Statistics regarding crime rates in the Bay Area generally fall into two categories: violent crime and property crime. Historically, violent crime has been concentrated in a few cities in the East Bay, namely Oakland, Richmond, and Antioch, but also East Palo Alto in the Peninsula, Vallejo in the North Bay, and San Francisco.[166] Nationally, Oakland's murder rate ranked 18th among cities with over 100,000 residents, and third for violent crimes per capita.[167] According to a 2015 Federal Bureau of Investigation report, Oakland was also the source of the most violent crime in the Bay Area, with 16.9 reported incidents per thousand people. Vallejo came in second, at 8.7 incidents per thousand people, while San Pablo, Antioch, and San Francisco rounded out the top five. East Palo Alto, which used to have the Bay Area's highest murder rate, saw violent crime incidents drop 65% between 2013 and 2014, while Oakland saw violent crime incidents drop 15%.[166] Meanwhile, San Jose, which was one of the safest large cities in the United States in the early 2000s, has seen its violent crime rates trend upwards.[168] Cities with the lowest rate of violent crime include the Peninsula cities of Los Altos and Foster City, East Bay cities of San Ramon and Danville, and southern foothill cities of Saratoga and Cupertino. In 2015, 45 Bay Area cities counted zero homicides, the largest of which was Daly City.[166]
In 2015, Oakland also saw the highest rates of property crime in the Bay Area, at 59.4 incidents per thousand residents, with San Francisco following close behind at 53 incidents per thousand residents. The East Bay cities Pleasant Hill, Berkeley, and San Leandro rounded out the top five. Saratoga and Windsor saw the least rates of property crime.[166] Additionally, San Francisco saw the most reports of arson.[167]
Several street gangs operate in the Bay Area, including the
Economy
The three principal cities of the Bay Area represent separate employment clusters and are dominated by different but commingled industries. San Francisco is home to the region's
In 2019, the greater fourteen-county statistical area had a GDP of $1.086 trillion, the third-highest among
Despite this, Bay Area is still the home to
In spite of the San Francisco Bay Area's industries contributing to the aforementioned economic growth, there is a significant level of poverty in the region. Rising housing prices and gentrification in the San Francisco Bay Area are often framed as symptomatic of high-income tech workers moving in to previously low-income, underserved neighborhoods.[188] Two notable policy strategies to prevent eviction due to rising rents include rent control and subsidies such as Section 8 and Shelter Plus Care.[189] Moreover, in 2002, then San Francisco Supervisor Gavin Newsom introduced the "Care Not Cash" initiative, diverting funds away from cash handouts (which he argued encouraged drug use) to housing. This proved controversial, with some suggesting his rhetoric criminalized poverty, while others supporting the prioritizing of housing as a solution.[190]
Contrary to historical patterns of low incomes within the inner city, poverty rates in the Bay Area are shifting such that they are increasing more rapidly in suburban areas than in urban areas.[191] It is not yet clear whether the suburbanization of poverty is due to the relocation of poor populations or shifting income levels in the respective regions. However, the mid-2000s housing boom encouraged city dwellers to move into the newly cheap houses in suburbs outside of the city, and these suburban housing developments were then most affected by the 2008 housing bubble burst. As such, people in poverty experience decreased access to transportation due to underdeveloped public transport infrastructure in suburban areas. Suburban poverty is most prevalent among Hispanics and Blacks, and affects native-born people more significantly than foreign-born.[191][192]
As greater proportions of their incomes are spent on rent, many impoverished populations in the San Francisco Bay Area also face
Housing
The Bay Area is the most expensive location to live in the United States outside of Manhattan.[195] Strong economic growth has created hundreds of thousands of new jobs, but coupled with severe zoning restrictions on building new housing units,[196] has resulted in an extreme housing shortage. For example, from 2012 to 2017, the San Francisco metropolitan area added 400,000 new jobs, but only 60,000 new housing units.[197] As of 2016, the entire Bay Area had 3.6 M jobs, and 2.6 M housing units, for a ratio of 1.4 jobs per housing unit,[198] significantly above the ratio for the US as a whole, which stands at 1.1 jobs per housing unit. (152M jobs, 136M housing units[199][200])
As of 2017, the average income needed in order to purchase a house in the region was $179,390, while the median price for a house was $895,000 and the average cost of a home in the Bay Area being $440,000 - more than twice the national average, while the average monthly rent is $1,240 - 50 percent more than the national average.[201][202] In 2018, a Bay Area household income of $117,000 was classified as "low income" by the Department of Housing and Urban Development.[203]
With high costs of living, many Bay Area residents allocate large amounts of their income towards housing. 20 percent of Bay Area homeowners spend more than half their income on housing, while roughly 25 percent of renters in the Bay Area spend more than half of their incomes on rent.[204] Expending an average of more than $28,000 per year on housing in addition to roughly $13,400 on transportation, Bay Area residents spend around $41,420 per year to live in the region. This combined total of housing and transportation signifies 59 percent of the Bay Area's median household income, conveying the extreme costs of living.[204]
The high rate of homelessness in the Bay Area can be attributed to the high cost of living.[205] No approximate number of homeless people living in the Bay Area can be determined due to the difficulty of tracking homeless residents.[205] However, according to San Francisco's Department of Public Health, the number of homeless people in San Francisco alone is 9,975.[206] Additionally, San Francisco was revealed to have the most unsheltered homeless people in the country.[206]
Because of the high cost of housing, many workers in the Bay Area live far from their place of employment, contributing to one of the highest percentages of extreme commuters in the United States, or commutes that take over ninety minutes in one direction. For example, about 50,000 people commute from neighboring San Joaquin County into the nine-county Bay Area daily,[207] and more extremely, some workers commute semimonthly by flying.[208]
Education
Colleges and universities
The Bay Area is home to a large number of colleges and universities. The first institution of higher education in the Bay Area, Santa Clara University, was founded by Jesuits in 1851,[209] who also founded the University of San Francisco in 1855.[210] San Jose State University was founded in 1857 and is the oldest public college on the West Coast of the United States.[211] According to the Brookings Institution, 45% of residents of the two-county San Jose metro area have a college degree and 43% of residents in the five-county San Francisco metro area have a college degree, the second and fourth-highest ranked metro areas in the country for higher educational attainment.[212]
Rankings compiled by U.S. News & World Report feature several Bay Area universities in prominent spots. Stanford University is one of the world’s preeminent research universities, ranked #1 in the world for its business school and law school.[213] The University of California, Berkeley has been the highest-ranked public university in the country for the past nineteen years. Additionally, San Jose State University and Sonoma State University were respectively ranked sixth and tenth among public colleges in the West Coast.[214]
The city of San Francisco is host to two additional
Many scholars have pointed out the overlap of education and the economy within the Bay Area. According to multiple reports, research universities such as Stanford University, University of California - Santa Cruz and University of California - Berkeley, are essential to the culture and economy in the area.[160] These universities also provide public programs for people to learn and enhance skills relevant to the local economies. These opportunities not only provide educational services to the community, but also generate significant amounts of revenue.[160]
Primary and secondary schools
Public primary and secondary education in the Bay Area is provided through school districts organized through three structures (elementary school districts, high school districts, or unified school districts) and are governed by an elected board. In addition, many Bay Area counties and the city of San Francisco operate "special service schools" that are geared towards providing education to students with handicaps or special needs.[220]
An alternative public educational setting is offered by
According to rankings compiled by
Transportation
Transportation in the San Francisco Bay Area is reliant on a complex multimodal infrastructure consisting of roads, bridges, highways, rail, tunnels, airports, ferries, and bike and pedestrian paths. The development, maintenance, and operation of these different modes of transportation are overseen by various agencies, including the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans),
The Bay Area hosts an extensive freeway and highway system that is particularly prone to
There are over two dozen
In addition,
Government and politics
Government in the San Francisco Bay Area consists of multiple actors, including 101 city and nine county governments, a dozen regional agencies, and a large number of single-purpose
Politics in the Bay Area is widely regarded as one of the most
According to the
County | Population[242] | Registered voters[243] | Democratic[243] | Republican[243] | D–R spread[243] | American Independent[243] |
Green[243] | Libertarian[243] | Peace and Freedom[243] |
Americans Elect[243] |
Other[243] | No party preference[243] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alameda |
1,494,876 | 87.97% | 60.03% | 10.93% | +49.1% | 2.16% | 0.56% | 0.64% | 0.4% | 0.0% | 0.60% | 24.67% |
Contra Costa | 1,037,817 | 93.24% | 53.26% | 18.51% | +34.75% | 3.2% | 0.4% | 0.86% | 0.39% | 0.0% | 0.4% | 22.6% |
Marin | 250,666 | 97.66% | 61.42% | 12.63% | +48.79% | 2.66% | 0.6% | 0.78% | 0.2% | 0.0% | 0.48% | 20.95% |
Napa | 135,377 | 94.51% | 50.02% | 21.39% | +28.63% | 3.59% | 0.57% | 1.15% | 0.38% | 0.0% | 0.68% | 21.78% |
San Francisco | 870,887 | 78.56% | 62.67% | 6.74% | +55.94 | 1.71% | 0.54% | 0.58% | 0.34% | 0.0% | 0.3% | 25.92% |
San Mateo | 711,622 | 88.59% | 55.54% | 14.12% | +41.42% | 2.43% | 0.39% | 0.72% | 0.31% | 0.0% | 0.58% | 25.34% |
Santa Clara | 1,762,754 | 85.68% | 50.44% | 16.64% | +33.81% | 2.41% | 0.36% | 0.81% | 0.39% | 0.0% | 0.29% | 28.63% |
Solano | 411,620 | 89.5% | 48.59% | 22.09% | +26.5% | 3.56% | 0.39% | 1.04% | 0.5% | 0.0% | 0.62% | 22.88% |
Sonoma | 478,551 | 91.4% | 56.56% | 17.57% | +38.99% | 3.08% | 0.73% | 1.11% | 0.35% | 0.0% | 0.52% | 19.4% |
In
The Bay Area's association with progressive politics has led to the term "
Regional governance
The Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) is the principal metropolitan planning organization for the Bay Area. The Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC) is the region's transportation planning agency, which has functionally merged with ABAG through staff consolidation. ABAG and MTC developed Plan Bay Area, which is the area's regional transportation plan, in 2013 and with its goal date for 2040.
Other regional governance agencies include the Bay Area Air Quality Management District, Bay Area Toll Authority, Bay Restoration Authority, and the Bay Conservation & Development Commission.
Culture
Arts
The Bay Area was a hub of the
While both the Figurative Movement and the Abstract Expressionism movement arose from art schools, Funk art would later rise out of the region's underground and was characterized by informal sharing of technique among groups of friends and art showcases in "cooperative" galleries instead of formal museums. Later, the Bay Area art movement would be heavily influenced by the counterculture movement in the 1960s, and art produced during this time reflected the political environment.[248]
The San Francisco Renaissance was an era of poetic activity centered on San Francisco and poets such as Gary Snyder, Allen Ginsberg, Lawrence Ferlinghetti, which brought it to prominence as a hub of the American poetry avant-garde in the 1950s. The movement, which often included visual and performing arts, was heavily influenced by cross-cultural interests, particularly Buddhism, Taoism, and a general interest in East Asian cultures.[249]
The Bay Area is presently home to a thriving computer animation industry
Music
Throughout its recent history, the Bay Area has been home to several musical movements that left lasting influences on the genres they affected. San Francisco, in particular, was the center of the
During the 1980s and early 1990s, the Bay Area became home to heavy metal and hard rock bands, including Ludicra,[258] and also to one of the largest and most influential thrash metal scenes in the world, with contributions from Exodus, Testament, Death Angel, Forbidden, Vio-lence, Lȧȧz Rockit, Possessed and Blind Illusion, in addition to three of the "Big Four" (Metallica, Slayer and Megadeth); although Metallica, Slayer and Megadeth were all technically from Los Angeles, those bands are often credited for popularizing and contributing to the Bay Area thrash metal scene during the 1980s by frequently playing shows there, especially early in their careers and/or before they were signed to a record label.[259][260]
The
The 1990s also saw the emergence of the influential
The Bay Area is also home to hundreds of classical music ensembles, from community choirs to professional orchestras, such as the San Francisco Symphony, California Symphony, Fremont Symphony Orchestra, Oakland Symphony and the San Francisco Chamber Orchestra.[264]
Theater
According to the regional theater service organization
Several famous actors have arisen from the Bay Area's theatre community, including Daveed Diggs from Hamilton and Darren Criss from Hedwig, A Very Potter Musical, and Glee.[269] Locally, well-regarded actors include James Carpenter, a stage actor who has performed at the ACT, Berkeley Repertory, and San Jose Repertory Theatre among others, Rod Gnapp of the Magic Theatre Company, Sean San Jose, one of the founders of the Campo Santo theater, and Campo Santo member Margo Hall.[270]
The Bay Area also has an active youth theater scene. ACT and the Berkeley Repertory both run classes and camps for young actors, as do the Peninsula Youth Theater and Willow Glen Children's Theatre in the Peninsula and South Bay, Bay Area Children's Theater and Danville Children's Musical Theater in the East Bay, and
Media
The San Francisco Bay Area is the tenth-largest
All major U.S. television networks have
The largest newspapers in the Bay Area are the
Sports and recreation
The Bay Area is home to six professional major league sports franchises: The San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League (NFL) in American football, the San Francisco Giants and Oakland Athletics of Major League Baseball (MLB), the Golden State Warriors of the National Basketball Association (NBA), the San Jose Sharks of the National Hockey League (NHL), and the San Jose Earthquakes of Major League Soccer (MLS).
In football, the 49ers play in Levi's Stadium[287] and have won five Super Bowls (XVI,[288] XIX,[289] XXIII,[290] XXIV,[291] XXIX[292]) and lost two (XLVII[293] and LIV[294]).
In baseball, the Giants, who play at Oracle Park,[295] have won eight World Series titles, three since relocating to San Francisco (2010, 2012, and 2014) from New York in 1958.[296] The Athletics, who play at the Oakland Coliseum,[297] have won nine World Series titles, four since relocating to Oakland (1972, 1973, 1974, and 1989) from Kansas City in 1968.[296]
In basketball, the Warriors play at the Chase Center and have won seven NBA Finals, five since relocating to the Bay Area (1975, 2015, 2017, 2018 and 2022) from Philadelphia in 1962.[298]
In hockey, the Sharks play at the SAP Center. They made their first Stanley Cup Finals appearance in 2016 but have not won the Stanley Cup.
In soccer, the Earthquakes play at PayPal Park[299] and have won the MLS Cup twice in 2001 and 2003. The Bay Area hosted matches during the 1994 FIFA World Cup at Stanford Stadium and will host matches during the 2026 FIFA World Cup at Levi's Stadium.[300] The Bay Area hosted some of the soccer competition during the 1984 Summer Olympics and will do so again during the 2028 Summer Olympics.[301][302]
Outside of major league sports, the Bay Area is home to three minor league franchises. In hockey, the
In terms of collegiate sports, six Bay Area universities are members of
The Bay Area has an ideal climate for outdoor recreation, such that activities like hiking, cycling and jogging are popular among locals.
See also
- Lists of San Francisco Bay Area topics
- Timeline of the San Francisco Bay Area
- List of regions of California
- List of metropolitan areas of the United States
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External links
- Discover the Bay Area website run by Discover California
- Bay Area Tourism Guide by the San Francisco Chamber of Commerce