San Matías Integrated Management Natural Area
San Matías Integrated Management Natural Area | |
---|---|
Location | Bolivia Santa Cruz Department |
Area | 2,918,500 ha |
Established | 1997 |
Governing body | Servicio Nacional de Áreas Protegidas (SERNAP) |
San Matías Integrated Management Natural Area (Spanish: Área Natural de Manejo Integrado San Matías, or ANMI San Matías) is a protected area in Bolivia located in the Santa Cruz Department.
Geography
It is located in the east of the
History
During the installation of a
The indigenous people of this area are the Ayoreo and Chiquitano.[1]
The area was first protected under Supreme Decree 24124 on 21 September 1995 as Area de Inmovilización-Reserva Biológica San Matías (a Santa Cruz Department designation),[1] with a size of 900,000 ha.[3] On 31 July 1997 Supreme Decree 24734 renamed, reorganised and enlarged the Natural Area, growing it to its modern girth.[1]
During the massive wildfires across Bolivia in 2021, this ANMI was the most impacted of all protected areas; 697,929 hectares had burned by 2021. 916,486 hectares burned in the San Matías Municipality.[4]
Flora
Sixteen main (natural) floral associations have been identified in the ANMI.[2] There are also anthropogenic habitats and open water.[1]
- Four types of chiquitano dry forests.
- Rainforest at the bottom of canyons.
- Cerrado scrublands
- Open savanna, and temporarily inundated savanna
- Taraquizal - a type of swamp forest.
- Taropal - Floating mats of vegetation, Eichorniaspp. are locally known as tarope.
- Colchal - Grasslands, with floating mats of vegetation (Salvinia auriculata), dominated by Oxycaryum cubense and Eleocharis acutangula.
- Camalotal - Dominated by water-lilies and underwater aquatic plants, especially Nymphoides grayana, Nymphaea amazonum and Cabomba furcata.
- Junquillar - Floristically poor beds of Thalia geniculata and Cyperus giganteus.
- Arrocillar - 'Rice lands', pantanal-type habitat dominated by grasses, especially the wild rice Oryza latifolia and Leersia hexandra.
- Palm brakes dominated by Copernicia alba with lianas of Machaerium hirtum and a groundcover of Sporobolus indicus.
Fauna
The paraba azul (
Typical mammals of the ANMI San Matías are the giant otter
Besides the hyacinthine macaw, other birds found here are the piyo (
Typical reptiles found here are the yacaré or caiman
The large catfish
People
There were 155 properties in the park when the first management plan for the area was complied, the majority were cattle ranches, with an estimated 100,000 head of cattle in the ANMI.[5] There are nine forestry concessions within the park, one is in the centre.[1] Approximately 6,000 people reside within the ANMI, of which the majority are under 15. These live in 17 communities, and the majority are of Ayoreo and Chiquitano ethnicity. There are numerous towns of a few thousand people in the buffer zone around the ANMI.[1]
Management
The director is Marcel Caballero, a biologist, as of 2018.[5]
Tourism
The dry season (June to November) is the best time for tourism, as the land is not flooded and the roads stable.[2]
It can be reached from Santa Cruz by road, air or boat. The road runs through the towns of San José de Chiquitos,
There is a village in the east of the ANMI, Santo Corazón, where tourists can meet Ayoreo and Chiquitano people.[2]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h Arnold Torrez, Iván; Barroso Pauletti, Patty (2008). Áreas Protegidas de Bolivia : Situación y perspectivas de Gestión (in Spanish). Tarija, Bolivia: Nativa & Avina. p. 98 & 99.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Área Natural de Manejo Integrado San Matías" (in Spanish). Servicio Nacional de Áreas Protegidas, Government of Bolivia. 2018. Retrieved 31 October 2021.
- ^ "Area Natural San Matias". RedEscuela (in Spanish). Sociedad Civil Cognotec. Retrieved 31 October 2021.
- ^ Rodriguez Montellano, A.; R. Camargo Arce; V. Ibarnegaray Sanabria (October 2021). Cuantificación de áreas quemadas en Bolivia,con información de enero a octubre de 2021 (PDF) (Report) (in Spanish). Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia: Fundación Amigos de la Naturaleza. pp. 6, 7. Retrieved 31 October 2021.
- ^ a b c d Franco Berton, Eduardo (16 May 2018). "Paraba azul: ¿podrá salvarse la población de esta ave emblemática de Bolivia?". Mongabay Latam (in Spanish). Environmental News. Retrieved 31 October 2021.
- ^ Pinto-Ledezma, Jesús N.; Sosa, Ronald; Paredes, Maya; García, Ivan; Villarroel Segarra, Daniel; Muyucundo, Steven; Rivero Mamani, Mary Laura (June 2011). "La Paraba Jacinta (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus): Estado Poblacional y su Conservación en el Pantanal Boliviano" [The Hyacinth Macaw (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus): Population Status and its Conservation in Bolivian Pantanal] (PDF). Kempffiana (in Spanish). 7 (1): 19–31. Retrieved 31 October 2021.
- ^ Pinto-Ledezma, Jesús N.; Sandoval, X. Vanessa; Pérez, Valkiria N.; Caballero, Thania J.; Mano, Katherine; Pinto Viveros, Marco A.; Sosa, Ronald (September 2014). "Desarrollo de un modelo espacial explícito de hábitat para la paraba jacinta (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) en el Pantanal boliviano (Santa Cruz, Bolivia)" [A spatial explicit habitat model for the Hyacinth Macaw (Anodorhynchus hyacintinus) in the Bolivian Pantanal (Santa Cruz, Bolivia)]. Ecología en Bolivia (in Spanish). 49 (2). Retrieved 31 October 2021.
- World Wildlife Fund. 1 March 2017. Retrieved 31 October 2021.