Sant'Apollinare, Rome

Coordinates: 41°54′3.2″N 12°28′25″E / 41.900889°N 12.47361°E / 41.900889; 12.47361
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
(Redirected from
Sant'Apollinare alle Terme Neroniane-Alessandrine
)

Sant'Apollinare
Sant'Apollinare alle Terme Neroniane-Alessandrine
Style
Baroque
Groundbreaking7th century
Completed1748
Administration
ArchdioceseRome

The Basilica di Sant'Apollinare alle Terme Neroniane-Alessandrine ("Basilica of Saint Apollinaris at the Baths of Nero") is a titular church in Rome, Italy, dedicated to St Apollinare, the first bishop of Ravenna.

The church is part of a large complex that has hosted a number of institutions including the Collegium Germanicum et Hungaricum, the Pontifical Roman Seminary, and the Pontifical Institute of Sant’Apollinare. It is currently the seat of the Pontifical University of the Holy Cross.

It is the

station church for the Thursday of the fifth week in Lent.[1]

History

Sant'Apollinare was founded by

iconoclast period.[3]

In 1284 a Chapter of Canons held the church. It is listed in the Catalogue of Turin as a papal chapel with eight clerics and became a parish church in 1562. In 1574 it was granted to the

Lazarists
.

In the late 17th century, the church was in a poor state of repair. Its rebuilding was considered over a long period but wasn't carried out, probably due to the lack of funds. Despite this, in 1702 a chapel was redecorated and dedicated to

St Francis Xavier, and a statue of the saint was commissioned from Pierre Le Gros who carved the marble with extraordinary virtuosity (the statue was preserved when the church was eventually rebuilt some 40 years later and is still in situ).[5]

Only in 1742, Pope Benedict XIV commissioned Ferdinando Fuga to rebuild the church.[3] Francesco Antonio Zaccaria, writer and archaeologist, who died in 1795, was buried in the Chapel of St Ignatius of Loyola here.

In 1825 it housed was the Pontifical Roman Seminary until its relocation to the Collegio Romano in 1848. The future Pope Pius X was consecrated a bishop in Sant’Apollinare in 1884.[6]

In 1984 the church was elevated to

minor basilica status.[7]

On 18 December 1990, the church was granted to

Emanuela Orlandi's kidnapping and the tomb was opened for investigation in 2012.[8]
With the authorisation of the Italian judiciary in accordance with the desire expressed by the widow of De Pedis, on 18 June 2012, at the end of the further investigations carried out on the burial, the body of De Pedis was moved from the basilica of Sant'Apollinare and transferred to the Prima Porta Cemetery where it was cremated. Subsequently, the ashes were dispersed into the sea.

Architecture

St Francis Xavier by Pierre Le Gros
Interior

Fuga added a new façade in the late 16th-century style, with Baroque elements. It is a typical example of the transition between Baroque and Neoclassical style.[3] It has two stories, with Ionic columns in the lower and Corinthian ones in the upper. The lower level has a central doorway flanked by windows. Above the door is a triangular tympanon. On the upper level is a large central window with a balcony, and two smaller windows to the sides. The façade is crowned by a double tympanum. Fuga also reconstructed the dome. The church as a whole was rededicated in 1748.

Interior

The church has a single nave. Along the side are pilasters with

barrel-vaulted ceiling is a fresco of The Glory of St Apollinaris, by Stefano Pozzi
.

The

high altar was made on orders from Pope Benedict XIV, with stucco decorations by Bernardino Ludovisi and an early 17th-century altarpiece depicting St Apollinaris' Consecration as Bishop of Ravenna by Ercole Graziani the Younger. It is a copy of one Graziani did previously for Bologna Cathedral.[9]

The side chapels are dedicated, on the right side to San Luigi Gonzaga, San Giuseppe and San Francesco Saverio, on the left side to San Giovanni Nepomuceno, San Josemaría Escrivá (whose altar is surmounted by a modern painting by Angelo Zarcone) and Sant 'Ignatius of Loyola. The altarpiece of the chapel of San Giuseppe is the Holy Family (1748), a famous painting by Jacopo Zoboli.

The elliptical Chapel of Graces, which is outside the church proper, is accessed through a doorway on the left. It contains a 1494 fresco of The Virgin, Queen of Apostles which, survived the Sack of Rome because the priests had covered it with a lime whitewash and was then rediscovered in 1645 when two boys and a soldier took refuge in the church during an earthquake.[3] A marble frame with golden stucco cherubs was added by Peter Anton von Verschaffelt.

The miraculous fresco of the Madonna degli Apostoli which survived the Sack of Rome and was crowned on 1653 with pontifical decree from Pope Innocent X

Cardinal-Deacons

References

  1. ^ "Thursday: Sant’Apollinare", PNAC
  2. ^ "Basilica di Sant'Apollinare", Religiana
  3. ^ a b c d "Church of Sant'Apollinare", Turismo Roma, Major Events, Sport, Tourism and Fashion Department
  4. ^ "Basilica of St. Apollinare", PUSC
  5. ISBN 0-9529925-0-7
  6. ^ Allen Jr., John L., "Mob boss scandal a chance to 'learn Rome,' warts and all", National Catholic Reporter, May 1, 2012
  7. ^ GCatholic.org. "Basilicas in Italy". Retrieved 31 October 2013.
  8. ^ "Italian mafia boss's tomb opened in search for missing girl" The Guardian 15 May 2012
  9. ^ a b Basilica di Sant'Apollinare – Roma

External links

Media related to Sant'Apollinare (Roma) at Wikimedia Commons

Preceded by
Sant'Antonio da Padova in Via Merulana 		Landmarks of Rome
Sant'Apollinare, Rome 		Succeeded by
Santi Apostoli, Rome
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sant%27Apollinare,_Rome&oldid=1219546042"