Sant Mat
Sant Mat was a spiritual movement on the
The lineage of
Etymology
The expression Sant Mat literally means "Teachings of the Saints" – the "Path of Sants (Saints)", "Path of Truth", "Right or Positive Path". As "point of view of the Sants", the term Sant is pivotal. Derived from the
The Sants
The Sant Mat movement was
The poet-sants expressed their teaching in vernacular verse, addressing themselves to the common folk in oral style in Hindi and other dialects and other languages such as Marathi, Gujarati and Punjabi. They referred to the "Divine Name" as having saving power, and dismissed the religious rituals as having no value. They presented the idea that true religion was a matter of surrendering to God "who dwells in the heart".[5]
The first generation of north Indian sants, (which included
Sants developed a culture of concern for marginalized in the society. Some of the more notable sants include Namdev (d. 1350),
(d. 1650).The tradition of the sants (sant
Only a small minority of religious Hindus have formally followed Sant Mat, but the tradition has considerably influenced Hindus across sects and castes.
The Sant Mat tradition teaches the necessity of a living human master, who is referred to with honorific titles such as satguru, or perfect master.[9]
Similar movements
Classical
The
Prem Rawat and the Divine Light Mission (Elan Vital) are considered to be part of the Sant Mat tradition by J. Gordon Melton, Lucy DuPertuis, and Vishal Mangalwadi, but that characterization is disputed by Ron Geaves.[13][14][15][16] The 20th century religious movement Eckankar is also considered by David C. Lane to be an offshoot of the Sant Mat tradition.[17] James R. Lewis refers to these movements as "expressions of an older faith in a new context".[18]
See also
- Darshan Singh
- Maharshi Mehi Paramhans
- Shiv Dayal Singh
- Sant Baljit Singh
- Thakar Singh
- Surat Shabd Yoga
Notes
- ^ ISBN 0-415-21784-9.
- ISBN 978-0-8160-5458-9. Archivedfrom the original on 2016-12-20.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-8160-5458-9. Archivedfrom the original on 2016-12-20.
- ISBN 0-9612208-0-5
- ^ ISBN 0-415-05181-9
- ISBN 0-9612208-0-5
- ISBN 0-8147-3650-5
- ISBN 0-9612208-0-5
- ISBN 0-914829-42-4.
- ^ For Sant Mat's affinities with Classic Gnosticism, see: Davidson, John, 1995, The Gospel of Jesus. Davidson, The Robe of Glory. Diem, Andrea Grace, The Gnostic Mystery. Tessler, Neil, Sophia’s Passion, on-line.
- ISBN 0-520-22821-9
- ISBN 0-9612208-0-5
- ^ Melton, J. Gordon, Encyclopedia of American Religions
- ^ DuPertuis, Lucy. "How People Recognize Charisma: The Case of Darshan in Radhasoami and Divine Light Mission" in Sociological Analysis: A Journal in the Sociology of Religion Vol. 47 No. 2 by Association for the Sociology of Religion. Chicago, summer 1986, ISSN 0038-0210, pp. 111-124.
- ISBN 0-7069-0523-7.
- ^ Geaves, Ron. "From Divine Light Mission to Elan Vital and Beyond: an Exploration of Change and Adaptation" in Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions Vol. 7 No. 3. March 2004, pp. 45–62. Originally presented at 2002 International Conference on Minority Religions, Social Change and Freedom of Conscience (University of Utah at Salt Lake City). At Caliber (Journals of the University of California Press)
- ISBN 0-9611124-6-8
- ISBN 0-19-514986-6
Further reading
- Barthwal, Pitambar Dutt. The Nirguna School of Hindi Poetry: an exposition of Santa mysticism, Banāras: Indian Book Shop, 1936.
- Bokser Caravella, Miriam. The Holy Name, Beās: Radha Soami Satsang Beas, 2003. ISBN 978-81-8256-029-1
- Bokser Caravella, Miriam. Mystic Heart of Judaism, Beās: Radha Soami Satsang Beas, 2011. ISBN 978-93-8007-716-1
- Davidson, John (1995). The Gospel of Jesus, Shaftesbury, Dorset: Element, 1995. ISBN 1-904555-14-4
- Davidson, John. The Robe of Glory: An Ancient Parable of the Soul, Element, 1992. ISBN 1-85230-356-5
- Gold, Daniel (1987). The Lord as Guru: Hindi Sants in North Indian Tradition, New York: Oxford University Press, 1987. ISBN 0-19-504339-1
- Ināyat Khān. The Mysticism of Music, Sound and Word, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1988. ISBN 81-208-0578-X
- Juergensmeyer, Mark (1991). Radhasoami Reality: The Logic of a Modern Faith, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-07378-3
- ISBN 0-942735-94-3
- ISBN 978-0-7914-2025-6.
- RSSB. Surat Shabad Yog or Radhasoami.
- Maleki, Farida. Shams-e Tabrizi: Rumi's Perfect Teacher, New Delhi: Science of the Soul Research Centre, 2011. ISBN 978-93-8007-717-8
- Puri, Lekh Rāj, Mysticism: The Spiritual Path, Beās: Radha Soami Satsang Beas, 1964, 2009. ISBN 978-81-8256-840-2
- Schomer, Karine & William Hewat McLeod, eds (1987). The Sants: Studies in a Devotional Tradition of India, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1987. Academic papers from a 1978 Berkeley conference on the Sants organised by the Graduate Theological Union and the University of California Center for South Asia Studies. ISBN 81-208-0277-2
- A Treasury of Mystic Terms, New Delhi: Science of the Soul Research Centre. ISBN 81-901731-0-3
- Baba Jaigurudev [1]
- Dera Sach Khand Ballan [2]