Santalales
| Santalales | |
|---|---|
| |
| Santalum haleakalae | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Superasterids |
| Order: | Santalales R.Br. ex Bercht. & J.Presl[1] |
| Families | |
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See text | |
| Synonyms | |
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Balanophorales | |
The Santalales are an order of flowering plants with a cosmopolitan distribution, but heavily concentrated in tropical and subtropical regions. It derives its name from its type genus Santalum (sandalwood). Mistletoe is the common name for a number of parasitic plants within the order.
Overview
Many of the members of the order are
Most have
Classification
The APG IV system of 2016 includes seven families.[2] As in the earlier APG III system, it was accepted that Olacaceae sensu lato was paraphyletic but new family limits were not proposed as relationships were considered uncertain.[3][2] As of July 2021[update], this seven-family division of the Santalales was explicitly accepted by the World Flora Online,[1] and implicitly by Plants of the World Online, in that it accepted none of the extra families recognized by other sources. The seven families are:
- Balanophoraceae
- Loranthaceae
- Misodendraceae
- Olacaceae
- Opiliaceae
- Santalaceae
- Schoepfiaceae
When only these families are recognized, one possible phylogenetic relationship among them is shown below. Support for some of the nodes is weak,[4] and at least two families, Olacaceae s.l. and Balanophoraceae s.l., are not monophyletic:[4][5]
| Santalales |
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A summary of the circumscription and phylogeny of the Santalales published in 2020 used 20 rather than seven families. Olacaceae s.l. was divided into seven families, Balanophoraceae s.l. was divided into two, and Santalaceae s.l. into seven.[5] As of July 2021[update], the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website accepted the families resulting from the division of Olacaceae s.l. and Balanophoraceae s.l. but not those from the division of Santalaceae s.l.[4]
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Earlier systems
In the
- order Santalales
- family Medusandraceae – sole genus Medusandra now in family Peridiscaceae,[7] order Saxifragales[2]
- family Dipentodontaceae – now in order Huerteales in APG IV[2]
- family Olacaceae
- family Opiliaceae
- family Santalaceae
- family Misodendraceae
- family Loranthaceae
- family Viscaceae - sunk into Santalaceae s.l. in the seven-family system
- family Eremolepidaceae - sunk into Santalaceae s.l. in the seven-family system
- family Balanophoraceae
Gallery of type genera
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References
- ^ a b "Santalales R.Br. ex Bercht. & J.Presl". World Flora Online. Retrieved 2021-07-20.
- ^ .
- hdl:10654/18083.
- ^ a b c Stevens, P.F. "Santalales". Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Retrieved 2021-07-20.
- ^ .
- ISBN 978-0-231-03880-5.
- ^ "Medusandra Brenan". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2021-07-20.
- Hawksworth, FG (1996). Dwarf mistletoes : biology, pathology, and systematics. USDA For. Serv. Agric. Handb. p. 409.
- ISBN 978-0-87893-817-9.
- Santalales on the Parasitic Plant Connection web page
- NCBI Taxonomy Browser