Santander Department
Department of Santander
Departamento de Santander | |
---|---|
UTC-05 | |
ISO 3166 code | CO-SAN |
Provinces | 8 |
Municipalities | 87 |
HDI (2019) | 0.778[3] high · 6th of 33 |
Website | gobernaciondesantander.gov.co |
Santander (Spanish pronunciation:
History
This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2017) |
Pre-Colombian era
Prior to the arrival of the
.Their political and social structure was based on cacicazgos, a federation of tribes led by a
Colonization
Spanish conqueror
Once the
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1912 | 400,084 | — |
1938 | 615,710 | +53.9% |
1950 | 747,706 | +21.4% |
1964 | 1,001,213 | +33.9% |
1973 | 1,127,999 | +12.7% |
1985 | 1,511,392 | +34.0% |
1993 | 1,811,741 | +19.9% |
2005 | 1,957,789 | +8.1% |
2018 | 2,184,837 | +11.6% |
Source:[4] |
Culture
The department’s culture descends from a mix of Spanish and Chibcha influences, particularly in the south where the Muisca controlled territory and in the Chicamocha Canyon where the Guane are situated. During the colony and independence war times, people from Santander were especially recognized for their bravery in battle and their policy of "not even a step back". Soldiers from Santander were valued and respected but also difficult to control as they were, in general, more politically aware than people from other regions and therefore prone to question orders and law.[citation needed]
Cuisine
This article may need to be rewritten to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards. (June 2022) |
Santander cuisine includes regional specialties and food from the Department's capital city of
The most famous dishes are sancocho, oreada (dried cured beef), mute, egg broth, yellow arepa, masato, guarapo, aguapanela, tamale, and the exotic culona ants.
Goat
Usually accompanied by pepitoria and yellow arepa, it can be eaten fried, oven-baked, or dried.
Arepa Santandereana
Flat corn bread. This dish includes chicharron (pork belly-fat) and cooked peeled corn. When possible, the peeled corn is roasted in clay pots, to provide even more flavor.
Mute
A soup prepared with a variety of ingredients such as red meat, tripe, beef ribs, grains, potatoes, pasta, corn, and spices. Due to the ingredients included, it has a thick consistency.
Pepitoria
Pepitoria is prepared with the intestines of a goat or lamb. Served with rice, yuca, and potatoes.
Santander tamale
The tamale is a dish that is eaten in various parts of Colombia, but in Santander it is prepared with peeled corn dough and filled with beef, chicken or pork, chickpeas, onions, and paprika. It is then wrapped in banana leaf giving it a rectangular shape.
Oreada meat
This is a marinated, salted, sun-dried beef ready to grill. It is a classic dish that can be found in many restaurants as a specialty, served with yucca and chili.
Hormigas Culonas (Big Bum Ants)
A traditional dish of the Guane indigenous inhabitants of this region. The head, wings, and legs of these giant ants are removed, leaving the body and bum to be fried and seasoned with salt.
Bocadillo Veleño
Created in the town of Vélez, the Veleño Sandwich is prepared with the pulp of ripe Guava and is wrapped in a bijao leaf, giving it a characteristic flavor. It is sometimes paired with goat cheese.
Broth
A soup prepared with water, potatoes, toast, coriander, and egg (no milk or cream) and enjoyed for breakfast or lunch. There is also a variation called changua or chingua, which is normally prepared with water, potatoes, milk, cream and coriander. Sometimes broth (caldo) and changua comes with chicken or beef. Not to be confused with ajiaco, which is eaten in Bogota with creamy potato, huascas (green herb) and shredded chicken.
Obleas wafers
The wafer is a superfine cookie that is spread with Arequipe (caramel, sweetened milk spread). Over time, other ingredients such as cheese, blackberry, chocolate, etc. have been incorporated.
Masato
Chorizo from the San José Valley
12 km from San Gil, on the road that leads to Charalá, you will find a town called Valle de San José. People from this region say this is the best Colombian Chorizo, but people from Santa Rosa de Cabal, in the Coffee Zone, will tell you the same.
Beverages
- Chicha de maiz, chicha from maize
- Chicha de corozo, chicha from palm nut
- Masato Fermented rice drink.
- Goat milk
- Guarapo
- Aguardiente, alcoholic beverage made from sugarcane (White rum)
- Panela's limonada, lemonade drink with sugar cane.
Artists
Among the most outstanding and representative artists of the Colombian Santander Department are Segundo Agelvis, Mario Hernández Prada, Carlos Gómez Castro, Martín Quintero, Oscar Rodríguez Naranjo and Pacheco de Suratá.
Notable people
- Manuela Beltrán (1724-??) a Neogranadine woman who organized a peasant revolt against excess taxation in 1780
- Juan Eloy Valenzuela y Mantilla, (Spanish Wiki) (1756-1834) a Colombian priest and botanist, worked on the Royal Botanical Expedition to New Granada which classified plants and wildlife.
- María Antonia Santos Plata (1782 in Pinchote – 1819 in Socorro, Santander) was a Neogranadine peasant, rebel leader and heroine
- Geo von Lengerke (1827 − 1882) was a German engineer, merchant and landowner.
- Bogota) was a Colombian suffragist.
- Oscar Rodríguez Naranjo (1907–2006) a painter from Socorro, Santander Department, Colombia. His works include mainly oil paintings and sculptures
- José de Jesús Pimiento Rodríguez (1919 in Zapatoca - 2019) a Colombian Prelate of the Catholic Church
- Virginia Gutiérrez de Pineda (1921 in El Socorro, Santander - 1999 in Bogotá) was a Colombian anthropologist who pioneered work on Colombian family and medical anthropology
- Reiner Bredemeyer (1929 in Vélez, Santander − 1995) a German composer
- Carlos Ardila Lülle (1930–2021, born in Bucaramanga) a Colombian entrepreneur, founded Organización Ardila Lülle.
- Carlos Prada Sanmiguel (1939−2013) a Colombian Roman Catholic bishop.
- Patricia Ariza (born 1948 in Vélez, Santander) a Colombian poet, playwright and actor
Administrative divisions
Provinces
The department is subdivided into provinces:
Municipalities
- Aguada
- Albania
- Aratoca
- Barbosa
- Barichara
- Barrancabermeja
- Betulia
- Bolívar
- Bucaramanga
- Cabrera
- California
- Capitanejo
- Carcasí
- Cepitá
- Cerrito
- Charalá
- Charta
- Chima
- Chipatá
- Cimitarra
- Concepción
- Confines
- Contratación
- Coromoro
- Curití
- El Carmen
- El Guacamayo
- El Peñón
- El Playón
- Encino
- Enciso
- Florián
- Floridablanca
- Galán
- Gámbita
- Girón
- Guaca
- Guadalupe
- Guapotá
- Guavatá
- Güepsa
- Hato
- Jesús María
- Jordán
- La Belleza
- Landázuri
- La Paz
- Lebrija
- Los Santos
- Macaravita
- Málaga
- Matanza
- Mogotes
- Molagavita
- Ocamonte
- Oiba
- Onzaga
- Palmar
- Palmas del Socorro
- Páramo
- Piedecuesta
- Pinchote
- Puente Nacional
- Puerto Parra
- Puerto Wilches
- Rionegro
- Sabana de Torres
- San Andrés
- San Benito
- San Gil
- San Joaquín
- San José de Miranda
- San Miguel
- Santa Bárbara
- Santa Helena del Opón
- San Vicente de Chucurí
- Simacota
- Socorro
- Suaita
- Sucre
- Suratá
- Tona
- Valle de San José
- Vélez
- Vetas
- Villanueva
- Zapatoca
See also
References
- ^ "Estimaciones de Población 1985 - 2005 y Proyecciones de Población 2005 - 2020 Total Municipal por Área (estimate)". Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
- ^ "Producto Interno Bruto por departamento", www.dane.gov.co
- ^ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 2018-09-13.
- ^ "Reloj de Población". DANE. Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadísitica. Retrieved 6 July 2017.