Saqqez
Saqqez
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Website | saqqez |
Saqqez (English: /sæɡɛz/ sa-ghez; Persian: سقز Persian pronunciation: [sæɣˈɣez]; Kurdish: سهقز, romanized: Seqiz), also known as Saghez, Saqez, Saqqiz, Saqiz, and Sakīz, is a city in the Central District of Saqqez County, Kurdistan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.[3]
At the 2006 National Census, its population was 131,349 in 31,336 households.[4] The following census in 2011 counted 139,738 people in 37,262 households.[5] The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 165,258 people in 48,488 households.[2] . Most of the people in this city are Kurdish who speak the Kurdish language.[6]
Etymology
The name Saqqez derives from the
]Demographics
The city is populated by Kurds who speak the Sorani dialect.[8] David D'Beth Hillel (d. 1846) stated that the city was home to a small Jewish community with one synagogue dating from around 1827.[9]
History
Saqqez's history goes back to the seventh millennium BC.[10] Based on historical ruins and Antiques which have been found in Saqqez, like the historical treasures of Ziwiye hoard in the Ziwiyeh Castle, experts like Roman Ghirshman believe that the modern city of Saqqez is built on the site of the ancient capital of the Median empire. when Sargon II (reigned 722 – 705 BC) attacked the Median Empire and forced them to flee to Ecbatana (modern day Hamadan) and made this city his capital. On the attack of Sargon II, the ruler of Assyria, the Medes were defended and their fortifications were destroyed. Thereafter, the Scythians tried to rebuild this city and they chose Saqqez, then named Eskit as their capital. This city was repeatedly attacked by Assyrians and Romans.[11]
According to
Culture and art
The city of Saqqez has been a place of culture and art since ancient times. In this city, performing arts and culture has a special place, and artists have created valuable works in various fields of art such as theater, painting, sculpture, music, literature, poetry, and cinema. In this city, every year at the end of the autumn season, a theater festival called
Geography
Geology
The city of Saqqez is built on long plains and hills, which are crossed by the main tributaries of rivers such as Zarrineh River and Simineh River. The lowlands and heights inside the city and the view of Saqqez River that passes through the center of this city are its special features. Saqqez is located in mountainous and highlands between the irregular heights of Zagros Mountains, and this special geomorphological feature has led to relatively cold climates and long winters and sometimes frost.[15][16]
Climate
At an
Saqqez unofficially reached −45.8 °C (−50.4 °F) in December 2006 and −42.3 °C (−44.1 °F) in January 2007, the lowest temperatures recorded in an Iranian city.
Climate data for Saqqez, Iran | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 18.2 (64.8) |
20 (68) |
24 (75) |
29 (84) |
34.4 (93.9) |
39 (102) |
43 (109) |
42 (108) |
39 (102) |
32 (90) |
26 (79) |
22.2 (72.0) |
43 (109) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.4 (36.3) |
4.7 (40.5) |
11.0 (51.8) |
17.3 (63.1) |
23.1 (73.6) |
29.8 (85.6) |
34.3 (93.7) |
34.2 (93.6) |
29.8 (85.6) |
22.2 (72.0) |
13.4 (56.1) |
6.1 (43.0) |
19.03 (66.25) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −2.8 (27.0) |
−0.7 (30.7) |
5.1 (41.2) |
10.4 (50.7) |
14.8 (58.6) |
19.7 (67.5) |
24.1 (75.4) |
23.8 (74.8) |
19.1 (66.4) |
13.3 (55.9) |
6.5 (43.7) |
0.7 (33.3) |
11.2 (52.1) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −8.1 (17.4) |
−6.7 (19.9) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
3.6 (38.5) |
6.6 (43.9) |
9.5 (49.1) |
14.0 (57.2) |
13.4 (56.1) |
8.3 (46.9) |
4.4 (39.9) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
−4.6 (23.7) |
3.24 (37.83) |
Record low °C (°F) | −33 (−27) |
−36 (−33) |
−27.6 (−17.7) |
−9 (16) |
−5 (23) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
3.8 (38.8) |
4.8 (40.6) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
−7 (19) |
−24 (−11) |
−32 (−26) |
−36 (−33) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 63.3 (2.49) |
60.8 (2.39) |
76.6 (3.02) |
82.0 (3.23) |
49.7 (1.96) |
5.9 (0.23) |
2.7 (0.11) |
2.4 (0.09) |
1.7 (0.07) |
28.8 (1.13) |
54.6 (2.15) |
58.7 (2.31) |
487.2 (19.18) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 8.5 | 8.3 | 10.0 | 9.8 | 7.0 | 1.2 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 4.3 | 6.2 | 8.1 | 65.2 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
73 | 70 | 64 | 58 | 52 | 40 | 35 | 33 | 33 | 47 | 63 | 71 | 53 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 121.5 | 142.2 | 177.4 | 213.1 | 287.1 | 345.1 | 357.4 | 344.3 | 311.1 | 254.3 | 174.1 | 123.4 | 2,851 |
Source 1: Synoptic Stations Statistics | |||||||||||||
Source 2: [1] |
Transportation
This city has an airport and a central bus terminal. Saqqez Airport officially started working after 18 years on November 3, 2023 with the presence of the President of Iran. This airport covers several cities in the western part of Iran and a population of nearly one and a half million people, especially Baneh and Marivan free trade zones.[21][22][23]
See also
- Bazaar of Saqqez
- Domenareh Mosque
- Karaftu Cave
- Haj Saleh Hammam
- Mount Chlchama
References
- ^ OpenStreetMap contributors (20 August 2023). "Saqqez, Saqqez County" (Map). OpenStreetMap. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
- ^ a b "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 12. Archived from the original (Excel) on 8 May 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ^ Habibi, Hassan (21 June 1369). "Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of Kurdistan province, centered in the city of Sanandaj". Islamic Parliament Research Center of the Islamic Republic of Iran (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Board. Archived from the original on 23 October 2018. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ^ "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 12. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
- ^ "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011)". Syracuse University (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 12. Archived from the original (Excel) on 19 January 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ^ Movahed, Ali; Mostafavi, Soran (March 2014). "Explaining the pattern of spatial –physical expansion of Saqqez from sustainable urban perspective" (PDF). Urban Structure and Function Studies. 2 (5): 55–75.
- ^ "شهرستان سقز". Islamic Azad University - Saqqez Branch (in Persian). Archived from the original on 2 January 2022. Retrieved 13 May 2021.
- ^ Mohammadirad, Masoud; Anonby, Erik; et al. "Language distribution in Kordestan Province, Iran". Atlas of the languages of Iran (ALI). Geomatics and Cartographic Research Centre, Carleton University.
- ^ Gerson-Kiwi, Edith (2008). "Kurdistan". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved 13 May 2021.
- ^ "Saqqez in Kurdestan Province, dates back to 7th millennium BCE". Iran Daily. 9 July 2021. Archived from the original on 7 February 2022.
- ISBN 0140202390.
- ^ S2CID 129323675. Retrieved 5 October 2022.
- ^ Kurdish Theater Festival is an opportunity to pay attention to traditional cultures, Iran Theater, 2019
- ^ A Kurdish Artist in Saqqez Summoned by the Iranian Ministry of Intelligence, Kurdistan Human Rights, 2019
- ^ Dating of late Pleistocene and Holocene fluvial sediments Using OSL, Uranium series and 14 C methods in the Saqqez River Archived 13 October 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Shahid beheshti University, 2020
- ^ Saqqez, mapnall
- ^ "An extremely cold winter in Iran". Archived from the original on 12 November 2013. Retrieved 9 April 2010.
- ^ "Archived". www.irimo.ir. Archived from the original on 15 June 2011. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)[dead link] - ^ "Iran Lands info". Archived from the original on 5 March 2012. Retrieved 11 April 2010.
- ^ http://www.irimo.ir Archived 29 August 2014 at the Wayback Machine Iranian Meteorological Organisation's "Century weather stats data bank"
- ^ Raisi inaugurates major projects in Kordestan Province, Tehran Times, November 3, 2023
- ^ Iran Opens Second Airport in Kurdistan Province, Aviation Pros, 2021
- ^ President Raisi inaugurates Saqqez Airport , IranPress, Nevamber 3, 2023
Sources
- ISBN 978-90-04-09834-3.
- Grami, Bahram (2015). "Saqqez". Encyclopaedia Iranica.