Stefano di Giovanni

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For the village near Livorno, see Sassetta, Tuscany

Stefano di Giovanni di Consolo, known as il Sassetta (c. 1392–1450) was an Tuscan painter of the Renaissance, and a significant figure of the Sienese School.[1] While working within the Sienese tradition, he innovated the style by introducing elements derived from the decorative Gothic style and the realism of contemporary Florentine innovators as Masaccio.[2]

Sassetta
Sienese
Known forPainting

Life and Works

The name Sassetta has been associated with him, mistakenly, only since the 18th century but is now generally used for this artist.[2] The date and birthplace of Sassetta are not known. Some say he was born in Siena although there is also a hypothesis that he was born in Cortona. His father, Giovanni, is called da Cartona which possibly means that Cortona was the artist's birthplace. The meaning of his nickname Sassetta is obscure and is not cited in documents of his time but appears in sources from the eighteenth century.[1]

Sassetta was probably trained alongside artists like

Masolino. His work differs from the late Gothic style of many of his Sienese contemporaries.[3]

His first certain work, which originally had his signature, is the Arte della Lana altarpiece, (1423–1426) fragments of which are now divided among various private and public collections.[3]

The Madonna of the Snow altarpiece for the Siena Cathedral was a prestigious commission for Sassetta, and is considered his second major work. Not only does he excel at infusing his figures with a natural light that convincingly molds their shape, he also has an amazing handle on spatial relationships, creating cohesive and impressive work.[3] From this point on, under Gothic influence, Sassetta's style increases its decorative nature. The polyptych done by Sassetta in San Domenico at Cortona (around 1437) depicts scenes from the legend of St. Anthony the Abbot. He shows great skill in narration through his painting as well as combining a sophisticated color palette and rhythmic compositions.[4]

Francesco di Giorgio e di Lorenzo, better known as Vecchietta, is said to have been his apprentice.[4]

He died from pneumonia contracted while decorating the Assumption fresco on the Porta Romana of Siena. The work was finished by his pupil Sano di Pietro.

Many consider Sassetta's fusing of traditional and contemporary elements as integral to the move from the Gothic to the Renaissance style of painting in Siena.[4]

A Miracle of the Eucharist

Miracle of the Eucharist

Sassetta was a fiercely pious man. The painting is about the "marriage of righteousness and violence" and the "consequences of sinfulness, the perils of feigning faith and the power of God."[5]

The figure in black in the painting is an unbeliever, who has been found out in the process of receiving Communion. The officiating priest offers him the host on a plate, which is pictured miraculously spurting blood. The unbeliever has been struck dead instantly, and the creature above his face is a tiny black devil which has swooped down to snatch away his soul to the depths of Hell. The other men pictured are

Miracle of Bolsena which is said to have taken place in 1263.[5]
Sassetta's Altarpiece of the Eucharist was later divided between three museums (British, Hungarian and Italian), the Vatican, and a private collection.[5]

The Borgo San Sepolcro Altarpiece

Reconstruction of the Borgo san Sepolcro Altarpiece, reverse side

The altarpiece was originally painted in Siena, and transported to Sansepolcro for to be placed in the church of

Sienese artist in Siena, and shipped to the Tiber Valley
town in late spring 1444 also speaks to Sassetta's fame in his time period.

Bernard Berenson bequeathed many of Sassetta's painting from his Florence Villa to Harvard University, in what became the Center for Italian Renaissance Studies in Florence.[6] A 3D computer-assisted reconstruction of the altarpiece's surviving parts is featured in Sassetta: The Borgo San Sepolcro Altarpiece, edited by Machtelt Israels and released in 2009.[6]

Controversy

There is some contention among art historians over which Sienese masters were directly responsible for which paintings. It has been questioned whether the Scenes from the life of St. Anthony of Egypt are rightly attributed to Sassetta, and critics such as Donald Bruce believe that artists of near-equal talent, such as the Griselda master, also deserve attention for their achievements in art at this period.[8]

Selected works

Saint Francis Abandons His Father.
Sassetta, Madonna col Bambino e quattro santi
Sassetta – The Meeting of St. Anthony the Great and St. Paul of Thebes– WGA20868

References

  1. ^ a b Judy Metro, Italian Paintings of the Fifteenth Century. National Gallery of Art, Oxford University Press: Oxford, New York, 2003. p. 621
  2. ^ a b Marco Torriti. "Sassetta." Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press. Web. 9 Mar. 2016
  3. ^ a b c Miklós Boskovits; National Gallery of Art (U.S.); et al, Italian paintings of the fifteenth century (Washington: National Gallery of Art; New York, 2003), p. 623.
  4. ^ a b c Sassetta, Italian painter at Encyclopædia Britannica, 2012.
  5. ^ a b c Andrew Graham-Dixon, Paper Museum: Writings about Paintings, mostly (New York : Knopf, 1997), p. 34–35.
  6. ^ a b c Fabrizio Nevola. "Reviews" Renaissance Quarterly (University of Chicago Press 2010). Vol. 63, No. 2, pp. 589–591.
  7. ^ Machtelt Israels, ed. Sassetta: The Borgo San Sepolcro Altarpiece. 2 vols. Florence: Villa I Tatti, 2009, p. 302.
  8. ^ Donald Bruce, "Sienese Painting at the London National Gallery". Contemporary Review; Winter2007, Vol. 289 Issue 1687, p. 481.

Sources

  • Italian Paintings of the Fifteenth Century. 2003 Judy Metro, National Gallery of Art, Oxford University Press: Oxford, New York p. 621.
  • Andrew Graham-Dixon, Paper Museum: Writings about Paintings, mostly (New York : Knopf, 1997), 33–36.
  • Miklós Boskovits; National Gallery of Art (U.S.); et al., Italian paintings of the fifteenth century (Washington : National Gallery of Art ; New York, 2003), 621–625.
  • Machtelt Israels, ed. Sassetta: The Borgo San Sepolcro Altarpiece. 2 vols. Florence: Villa I Tatti, 2009.
  • Fabrizio Nevola. "Reviews" Renaissance Quarterly (University of Chicago Press 2010). Vol. 63, No. 2, p. 589–591.
  • Donald Bruce, Sienese Painting at the London National Gallery. Contemporary Review; Winter2007, Vol. 289 Issue 1687, p. 481.
  • Luciano Bellosi, Sassetta e i pittori toscani tra XIII e XV secolo, a cura di Luciano Bellosi e Alessandro Angelini, Studio per edizioni scelte, Firenze 1986
  • B. Berenson, Sassetta, Firenze 1946
  • Enzo Carli, Sassetta's Borgo San Sepolcro Altarpiece, in:
    Burlington Magazine
    43, 1951, ss. 145
  • Enzo Carli, Sassetta e il «Maestro dell'Osservanza», Milano 1957
  • Enzo Carli, I Pittori senesi, Milano 1971
  • J. Pope-Hennessy, Sassetta, Londra 1939
  • J. Pope-Hennessy, Rethinking Sassetta, in: Burlington Magazine 98, 1956, ss. 364
  • Federico Zeri, Towards a Reconstruction of Sassetta's Arte della Lana Triptych, in Burlington Magazine 98, 1956, ss. 36

External links

Media related to Sassetta at Wikimedia Commons

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