Satellite chromosome

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Not to be confused with Satellite DNA.
Schematic karyogram of a human. Each row is vertically aligned at centromere level. The top of chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21, & 22 are satellites, with a secondary constriction between the satellite and the centromere.
Further information: Karyotype

Satellite or SAT chromosomes are

acrocentric chromosome,[1] such as in the chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21, & 22.[2][3] The Y chromosome can also contain satellites, although these are thought to be translocations from autosomes.[4]
The secondary constriction always keeps its position, so it can be used as markers to identify specific chromosomes.

The name derives from the small chromosomal segment behind the

Feulgen reaction. With time, the term "SAT-chromosome" simply became a synonym and also an abbreviation for satellite chromosome.[6][7][8]

The satellite at metaphase appears to be attached to the chromosomes by a thread of chromatin.

SAT-chromosomes whose secondary constriction is associated with the formation of the

transcription and/or structural features of the nucleolus impeding chromosome condensation.[9]

References

  1. ^ "chromosome satellite. (n.d.)". The Free Dictionary. Medical Dictionary for the Health Professions and Nursing. 2012. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
  2. PMID 11387219
  3. OCLC 908336124.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link
    )
  4. S2CID 25550661
    .
  5. ISBN 9780387076683
    .
  6. OCLC 648269868
    .
  7. ^ Battaglia, E.. (1999). The chromosome satellite (Navashin's "sputnik" or satelles): A terminological comment. Acta biologica Cracoviensia. Series botanica. 41. 15-18.
  8. S2CID 239873007
    .
  9. PMID 11074291


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