Sattagydia

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Sattagydia
𐎰𐎫𐎦𐎢𐏁
Sāttagydiⁿa (
Satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire
513 BCE–c. 4th century BCE
Flag of

Standard of Cyrus the Great

Sāttagydiⁿa was part of the eastern territories of the Achaemenid Empire
Government
 • TypeMonarchy
King or
King of Kings		 
• 513–499 BCE
Darius I (first)
• 358–338 BC
Artaxerxes III
Historical era
Achaemenid era
513 BCE
• Disestablished
c. 4th century BCE
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Achaemenid Empire
Macedonian Empire
Today part of Pakistan
Sattagydia
𓈉, S-d-g-wꜣ-ḏꜣ), on the Egyptian Statue of Darius I.[1][2]
Sattagydian Achaemenid soldier
Achaemenid army, circa 480 BCE.[3][4]
Xerxes I
tomb, Sattagydian soldier circa 480 BCE (detail).
Darius I
.

Sattagydia (

Aparytae.[6][7][8] It was situated east of the Sulaiman Mountains up to the Indus River in the basin around Bannu in modern day's southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.[9]

Geography

The location of Sattagydia has been subject to debate. Its association with Gandara in the 7th tax district of the Herodotus list implies that it was close to Gandara. Olmstead believed that it stretched from "the lower slopes of the Hindu Kush".[10] Based on these considerations, two locations have been proposed: the first being "the area of the confluence of the Ghorband and Panjshir rivers in Afghanistan", and the second, "the area of the middle Indus, around the modern city of Bannu".[11]

Following recent archaeological findings, the Bannu basin has become the favoured choice. David Fleming points out that it is close to

Iron Age and had trade relations with Central Asia.[12]

People

Representatives of Sattagydia are depicted as delegates bringing gifts to the king on the Apadana staircases, and as throne/ dais bearers on the Tripylon and Hall of One Hundred Columns reliefs at Persepolis. The representatives of Sattagydia are characterized by their loincloths, sandals, and exposed upper body, which distinguish them from the representatives of other eastern provinces such as Bactria and Arachosia.[13]

History

Sattagydia is mentioned for the first time in the

Behistun inscription of Darius the Great as one of the provinces in revolt while the king was in Babylon. The revolt was presumably suppressed in 515 BCE. The satrapy disappears from sources after 480 BCE, possible being mentioned by another name or included with other regions.[14][unreliable source?
]

After being conquered by

Syrastrene.[15] The area was taken from the Seleucids by the Mauryans under Chandragupta in 316 BCE.[16][need quotation to verify][17]
And, beginning in the 1st century BC, the area was incorporated into the burgeoning
Kushan empire, referred to as "Scythia" in the Periplus.[15]

References

  1. ^ "Susa, Statue of Darius - Livius". www.livius.org.
  2. ISBN 9780933273955
    .
  3. ^ Naqs-e Rostam – Encyclopaedia Iranica.
  4. ^ Naqs-e Rostam – Encyclopaedia Iranica List of nationalities of the Achaemenid military with corresponding drawings.
  5. ^ Herodotus III 91, III 94
  6. ISBN 9780904173161
    .
  7. ISBN 978-1-134-93809-4
  8. ^ Eggermont, Alexander's Campaigns in Sind and Baluchistan 1975.
  9. ^ a b Fleming, Achaemenid Sattagydia 1982, p. 105.
  10. ^ Olmstead, History of the Persian Empire 1948, pp. 48–49.
  11. ^ Fleming, Achaemenid Sattagydia 1982, p. 103.
  12. ^ Magee et al., The Achaemenid Empire in South Asia and Recent Excavations 2005, p. 735.
  13. ^ Magee et al., The Achaemenid Empire in South Asia and Recent Excavations 2005, p. 713.
  14. ^ "Sattagydians - Livius". www.livius.org.
  15. ^ a b Periplus of the Erythraean Sea[non-primary source needed]
  16. OCLC 13241962
  17. Junianus Justinus Historiarum Philippicarum libri XLIV, XV.4.19[non-primary source needed
    ]

Bibliography

External links

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