Sayyid dynasty
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1414–1451 | |||||||||||
Capital | Delhi | ||||||||||
Common languages | Persian (official)[2] | ||||||||||
Religion | Shia Islam | ||||||||||
Government | Monarchy | ||||||||||
Sultan | |||||||||||
• 1414–1421 | Khizr Khan Sayyid | ||||||||||
• 1421–1434 | Mubarak Shah | ||||||||||
• 1434–1443 | Muhammad Shah | ||||||||||
• 1443–1451 | Ala-ud-Din Shah | ||||||||||
History | |||||||||||
• Established | 28 May 1414 | ||||||||||
• Disestablished | 20 April 1451 | ||||||||||
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Today part of |
The Sayyid dynasty was the fourth dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate, with four rulers ruling from 1414 to 1451 for 37 years.[3] The first ruler of the dynasty, Khizr Khan, who was the Timurid vassal of Multan, conquered Delhi in 1414, while the rulers proclaimed themselves the Sultans of the Delhi Sultanate under Mubarak Shah,[4][5] which succeeded the Tughlaq dynasty and ruled the Sultanate until they were displaced by the Lodi dynasty in 1451.
Origins
A contemporary writer
History
Khizr Khan was originally a noble in the Delhi Sultanate during the
Following Timur's 1398
Khizr Khan was succeeded by his son Sayyid Mubarak Shah after his death on 20 May 1421. Mubarak Shah referred to himself as Muizz-ud-Din Mubarak Shah on his coins, removing the Timurid name with the name of the Caliph, and declared himself a Shah.[32][33] A detailed account of his reign is available in the Tarikh-i-Mubarak Shahi written by Yahya-bin-Ahmad Sirhindi. After the death of Mubarak Shah, his nephew, Muhammad Shah ascended the throne and styled himself as Sultan Muhammad Shah. Just before his death, he called his son Sayyid Ala-ud-Din Shah from Badaun, and nominated him as successor.[citation needed]
The last ruler of the Sayyids, Ala-ud-Din, voluntarily abdicated the throne of the Delhi Sultanate in favour of Bahlul Khan Lodi on 19 April 1451, and left for Badaun, where he died in 1478.[34]
Kings
Khizr Khan
Khizr Khan was the governor of Multan under Firuz Shah Tughlaq. When Timur invaded India, Khizr Khan, a Sayyid from Multan joined him. Timur appointed him the governor of Multan and Lahore. He then conquered the city of Delhi and started the rule of the Sayyids in 1414. He was ruling in the name of Timur. He could not assume an independent position in all respects. As a mark of recognition of the suzerainty of the Timurids, the name of the Timurid ruler (Shah Rukh) was recited in the khutba but as an interesting innovation, the name of Khizr Khan was also attached to it. But strangely enough, the name of the Timurid ruler was not inscribed on the coins and the name of the old Tughlaq sultan continued on the currency. No coins are known in the name of Khizr Khan.[35]
Mubarak Shah
Muhammad Shah
Muhammad Shah was a nephew of Mubarak Shah. He ruled from 1434 to 1443. Muhammad Shah acceded to the throne with the help of Sarwar ul Mulk. After that Shah wanted to free himself from the domination of Sarwar ul Mulk with the help of his faithful vizier Kamal ul Mulk. His reign was marked by many rebellions and conspiracies, and he died in the year. Multan became independent under the Langahs during his rule.[41]
Alam Shah
The last ruler of the Sayyid dynasty, Alauddin Alam Shah was defeated by Bahlol Lodi, who started the Lodi dynasty.
See also
Delhi Sultanate | |
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Ruling dynasties | |
1246–1266 | |
Ghiyas ud din Balban | 1266–1287 |
Muiz ud din Qaiqabad | 1287–1290 |
Shamsuddin Kayumars | 1290 |