Schaerbeek
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Schaerbeek
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Location in Belgium
Schaerbeek municipality in the Brussels-Capital Region Region Brussels-Capital | | |
Arrondissement | Brussels-Capital | |
Government | ||
• Mayor | Bernard Clerfayt (DéFI) | |
• Governing party/ies | LB-Ecolo | |
Area | ||
• Total | 7.9 km2 (3.1 sq mi) | |
Population (2020-01-01)[1] | ||
• Total | 132,799 | |
• Density | 17,000/km2 (44,000/sq mi) | |
Postal codes | 1030 | |
NIS code | 21015 | |
Area codes | 02 | |
Website | 1030.be/fr (in French) 1030.be/nl (in Dutch) |
Schaerbeek (French: [skaʁbek, skaʁbɛk] ⓘ; also archaic Dutch) or Schaarbeek (Dutch: [ˈsxaːrbeːk] ⓘ) is one of the 19 municipalities of the Brussels-Capital Region, Belgium. Located in the north-eastern part of the region, it is bordered by the City of Brussels, Etterbeek, Evere and Saint-Josse-ten-Noode. In common with all of Brussels' municipalities, it is legally bilingual (French–Dutch).
Schaerbeek has a multicultural identity stemming from its diverse population. As of 1 January 2022[update], the municipality had a population of 130,690 inhabitants.[2] The total area is 7.9 km2 (3.1 sq mi), which gives a population density of 16,540/km2 (42,800/sq mi), twice the average of Brussels.[2]
Toponymy
Etymology
The first mention of Schaerbeek's name was Scarenbecca, recorded in a document from the
Schaerbeek is nicknamed "the city of
History
Antiquity and Middle Ages
The period at which human activity started in Schaerbeek can be inferred from the Stone Age flint tools that were recovered in the Josaphat valley. Tombs and coins dating from the reign of Roman Emperor Hadrian (2nd century AD) were also found near the old Roman roads that crossed Schaerbeek's territory.
The first mention of the town's name appears in a legal document dated 1120, whereby the
At the end of the 14th century, the lands of Schaerbeek that belonged to the Lords of
16th–19th centuries
Until the 16th century, the village had lived in relative peace. This would change in the middle of the 16th century as the
After the French Revolution, it was decreed that Schaerbeek would be taken away from Brussels and proclaimed an independent municipality, with its own mayor, schepen, and municipal assembly. On 27 September 1830, during the Belgian Revolution, some fighting occurred in the Josaphat valley between the revolutionary troops and the retreating Dutch troops. In 1879, a more modern Church of St. Servatius was built near the old one, which was eventually demolished in 1905.[5] The Municipal Hall and Schaerbeek railway station were built in 1887 and 1902, respectively. In 1889, the shooting range known as the Tir national was established.
At the end of the 19th and in the early 20th centuries, Schaerbeek became home to the gentry. The Avenue Louis Bertrand/Louis Bertrandlaan was laid out to herald a new, tree-filled residential district for the city's burgeoning middle classes, many of whom employed the period's best architects to design their new homes. Gustave Strauven, Franz Hemelsoet and Henri Jacobs were just three of the architects who reinvented family houses, apartment buildings and educational buildings in the Art Nouveau style.
20th and 21st centuries
At the turn of the 20th century, Schaerbeek was a booming suburb which attracted a large middle-class population. In 1904, the newly landscaped Josaphat Park was inaugurated.[5] One year later, the old St. Servatius' Church, the last witness to Schaerbeek's medieval past, was demolished.[5] In 1915, the British nurse Edith Cavell was executed by an occupying German Army firing squad at the Tir national. Dwight D. Eisenhower came to visit the municipality at the close of World War II. Five years later, the population of Schaerbeek peaked at 125,000 inhabitants.[5]
2016 terrorist attacks
On the morning of 22 March 2016, three coordinated bombings occurred in Belgium in which the
Nearly seven months later, on 5 October, three police officers were attacked by a man with a camping knife in Schaerbeek. Two of them suffered stab wounds, while the third was physically assaulted but otherwise uninjured. The assailant was then shot in the leg, subdued, and taken to hospital for medical treatment.[10] He was charged with attempted terrorism-related murder but the court did not see these charges proven. He was convicted to a nine-year prison sentence for assault and battery.[11]
Districts
There are two distinct parts of Schaerbeek; an eastern part and a western part. The eastern part (the area that includes the Square Vergote/Vergoteplein, the Boulevard Lambermont/Lambermontlaan, the Fleurs Quarter, the Place de Jamblinne de Meux/De Jamblinne de Meuxplein, the Diamant Quarter and Josaphat Park) is an affluent area noted for its architecture and its convenient location (close to the EU institutions and the financial heart of the city, as well as NATO's headquarters).
The western part (the area near
Demographics
Foreign population
Schaerbeek has a large concentration of immigrants from other countries, and their children, including many of
Similar to Molenbeek, Schaerbeek has a large
As of 2016[update], 22% of young people in Schaerbeek are unemployed. The municipality lies in a semi-circle of neighbourhoods in Brussels often referred to as the "poor croissant".[13]
As of 2023[update], 52.78% of Schaerbeek's population is from non-European countries (predominantly Morocco and Turkey), 21.13% is from another European country (mainly Bulgaria, Romania, France, Spain, and Poland), while the native Belgian population is 18.46%.[14]
Migrant communities in Schaerbeek with over 1,000 people as of 1 January 2020:[15]
Bulgaria | 5,728 |
Romania | 5,072 |
Morocco | 4,463 |
France | 4,275 |
Turkey | 3,266 |
Spain | 3,041 |
Poland | 2,781 |
Italy | 2,850 |
Syria | 1,754 |
Portugal | 1,435 |
Guinea | 1,325 |
Group of origin | Year | |
---|---|---|
2023[14] | ||
Number | % | |
Belgians with Belgian background | 24,145 | 18.46% |
Belgians with foreign background | 56,626 | 43.3% |
Neighbouring country | 3,233 | 2.47% |
EU27 (excluding neighbouring country) | 5,244 | 4.01% |
Outside EU 27 | 48,149 | 36.82% |
Non-Belgians | 50,004 | 38.24% |
Neighbouring country | 6,735 | 5.15% |
EU27 (excluding neighbouring country) | 22,393 | 17.12% |
Outside EU 27 | 20,876 | 15.96% |
Total | 130,775 | 100% |
Education
Public communal French-language secondary schools include:[16]
- Athénée Fernand Blum , a traditional gateway to the Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
- Institut communal d'enseignement technique Frans Fischer
- Lycée Emile Max
French-language subsidised religious secondary schools include:[17]
- Centre scolaire Sainte-Marie La Sagesse
- Collège Roi Baudouin
- Institut de la Saint-Famille d'Helmet
- Collège Roi Baudouin Enseignement technique et professionnel
- Institut Technique Cardinal Mercié-Notre-Dame du Sacré-Coeur
- Institut Saint-Dominique
- Institut de la Vierge Fidèle
Koninklijk Atheneum Emmanuel Hiel serves as the public Dutch-language secondary school in Schaerbeek, operated by the
Main sights
- Schaerbeek counts a number of Autrique House, the first house built by Victor Hortain the Brussels area.
- The Municipal Hall of Schaerbeek, designed in neo-Flemish Renaissance style by the architect Jules Jacques Van Ysendyck , was inaugurated by King Leopold II in 1887.[19]
- Josaphat Park, also inaugurated by King Leopold II (in 1904), provides a haven of quiet in the heart of the city. It is bordered by the Brusilia Residence, the tallest residential building in Belgium.
- Schaerbeek railway station, where the new national railway museum of Belgium, Train World, opened in 2015.
- St. Mary's Royal Church, an eclectic Roman Catholic church built between 1845 and 1888, which has been listed as a protected monument since 1976.[20]
- The Clockarium is a clock museum. There is also a beer museum and a mechanical organ museum nearby.
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St. Mary's Royal Church
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Schaerbeek railway station
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Autrique House
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Terdelt garden city
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Brusilia Residence
Politics
The current city council was elected in the
Party | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | Swing (pp) | Elected 2018 |
Change | ||||||
DéFI | 16,887 | 31.97 | 0.77 | 17 / 47 (36%)
|
1 | |||||
Ecolo - Groen | 10,241 | 19.39 | 5.96 | 10 / 47 (21%)
|
3 | |||||
sp.a
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9,557 | 18.09 | 6.98 | 9 / 47 (19%)
|
4 | |||||
PVDA-PTB | 6,688 | 12.66 | 9.31 | 6 / 47 (13%)
|
5 | |||||
cdH - CD&V | 3,814 | 7.22 | 1.83 | 5 / 47 (11%)
|
1 | |||||
MR - Open Vld | 3,291 | 6.23 | 3.34 | 3 / 47 (6%)
|
2 | |||||
N-VA | 1,444 | 2.73 | 0.49 | 0 / 47 (0%)
|
- | |||||
VB | 620 | 1.17 | 0.28 | 0 / 47 (0%)
|
- | |||||
Citoyens d'Europe M3E | 285 | 0.54 | new | 0 / 47 (0%)
|
- |
2003 election incident
During the Belgian federal election of 18 May 2003, a candidate received 4,096 unexplained extra votes. After an inquiry, the anomaly was attributed to a single-event upset in an electronic voting machine, likely to have been caused by an ionising particle.[23][24]
Famous inhabitants
- Todor Angelov (1900–1943), Bulgarian member of the Resistance during World War II
- Jacques Brel (1929–1978), singer
- Roger Camille, also known as Kiko (1936–2006), cartoonist
- European Tour professional golfer
- Claude Coppens (b. 1936), pianist and composer
- Monique de Bissy (1923–2009), French-Belgian member of the Resistance during World War II
- dramatist, employed at the Municipal Hall from 1923 to 1946
- Andrée de Jongh (1916–2007), member of the Resistance during World War II
- Paul Deschanel (1855–1922), French statesman and President of France
- Daniel Ducarme (1954–2010), politician and Minister-President of the Brussels-Capital Region
- Georges Eekhoud (1854–1927), novelist
- Virginie Efira (b. 1977), actress and television presenter
- Jan Ferguut (1835–1902), writer and poet
- Emilio Ferrera (b. 1967), football player and coach
- Agustín Goovaerts (1885–1939), architect
- Georges Grun(b. 1962), football player
- Franz Hemelsoet (1875–1947), Art Nouveau architect
- post-impressionistpainter, died there.
- Alain Hutchinson (b. 1949), politician and MEP
- Henri Jacobs (1864–1935), Art Nouveau architect
- Camille Jenatzy (1868–1913), racing driver
- Henry Le Bœuf (1874–1935), banker and patron of the arts
- surrealistpainter
- Maurane (1960–2018), singer and actress
- Anca Parghel (1957–2008), Romanian jazz singer, lived on the Avenue Paul Deschanel/Paul Deschanellaan.
- abstract artist
- Jean Roba (1930–2006), comic book author, creator of Boule et Bill
- François Schuiten (b. 1956), comic book artist
- Roger Somville (1923–2014), painter
- Paul-Henri Spaak (1899–1972), politician, statesman, Prime Minister, Secretary General of NATO, and one of the Founding fathers of the European Union
- Gustave Strauven (1878–1919), Art Nouveau architect
- Raymond van het Groenewoud (b. 1950), musician and singer
International relations
Twin towns and sister cities
Schaerbeek is twinned with:
- Houffalize, Belgium
- Al-Hoceima, Morocco
- Nablus, Palestine
- Beyoğlu, Turkey
- Prairie Village, Kansas, United States
- Dardania, Pristina, Kosovo
- Quebec City, Canada
- Vicovu de Sus, Romania
- Anyang, China
References
Citations
- ^ "Bevolking per gemeente op 1 januari 2020". Statbel.
- ^ a b "Schaerbeek | IBSA". ibsa.brussels. Retrieved 5 January 2023.
- ^ "Schaerbeek et son Histoire — Schaerbeek". Archived from the original on 18 July 2011.
- ^ "Enquete Communale – Final". Scribd.com. 31 August 2009. Archived from the original on 30 January 2010. Retrieved 14 February 2012.
- ^ a b c d "Schaerbeek au fil du temps | Schaerbeek". Schaerbeek 1030 Schaarbeek (in French). Retrieved 25 April 2020.
- ^ "Another bomb found in Brussels after attacks kill at least 34; Islamic State claims responsibility". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 22 March 2016.
- ^ David Lawler; Danny Boyle (22 March 2016). "Brussels attacks: 34 killed and hundreds wounded as Islamic State claims responsibility for airport and Metro bombings – live". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 22 March 2016.
- ^ "Eén verdachte wordt momenteel ondervraagd". Gazet van Antwerpen. 23 March 2016. Retrieved 23 March 2016.
- ^ Alastair Jamieson; Annick M'Kele (23 March 2016). "Brussels Attacks: El Bakraoui Brothers Were Jailed for Carjackings, Shootout". NBC News. Retrieved 23 March 2016.
- ^ Samuel, Henry (5 October 2016). "Two policemen injured in Brussels stabbing in suspected terror attack". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 5 October 2016.
- ^ [1] Aanval op twee agenten geen terreurdaad en geen moordpoging, maar dader veroordeeld tot 9 jaar cel”
- ^ "Promenades découvertes de Schaerbeek : Parcours 1: les abords de la place de la Reine" (PDF) (in French). Retrieved 23 December 2012.
- ^ a b c Capadites, Christina (11 April 2016). "Molenbeek and Schaerbeek: A tale of two tragedies". CBS News. Retrieved 12 September 2016.
- ^ a b "Origin | Statbel". statbel.fgov.be. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ "Nationalités | IBSA". ibsa.brussels. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
- ^ "Réseau communal." Schaerbeek. Retrieved on September 12, 2016.
- ^ "Réseau Libre et communauté française." Schaerbeek. Retrieved on September 12, 2016.
- ^ "Enseignement néerlandophone"/"Nederlandstalig onderwijs Archived 11 September 2016 at the Wayback Machine." Schaerbeek. Retrieved on September 12, 2016.
- ^ "Hôtel communal de Schaerbeek – Inventaire du patrimoine architectural". monument.heritage.brussels (in French). Retrieved 4 June 2023.
- ^ "Schaerbeek - Église Sainte-Marie - Place de la Reine - VAN OVERSTRAETEN Henri Désiré Louis". www.irismonument.be. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
- ^ "Résultats officiels des élections communales 2018" (in French). Retrieved 17 July 2021.
- ^ "Schaerbeek: Bernard Clerfayt rempile pour 6 ans avec Ecolo, le cdH renvoyé dans l'opposition" (in French). 14 October 2018. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
- ^ "Rapport concernant les élections du 18 mai 2003" (5.3.7 L’incident de Schaerbeek) (in French). PourEVA. Retrieved 9 March 2017.
- ^ Ferreira, Becky (17 February 2017). "How Space Weather Can Influence Elections on Earth". Motherboard.
External links
- Media related to Schaerbeek at Wikimedia Commons
- Official website (in French and Dutch)
- Local libraries (Evere-Schaerbeek)
- Police zone site – 5344 Polbruno (Evere-Saint-Josse-Schaerbeek)