Schenkia sebaeoides
Schenkia sebaeoides | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Asterids |
Order: | Gentianales |
Family: | Gentianaceae |
Genus: | Schenkia |
Species: | S. sebaeoides
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Binomial name | |
Schenkia sebaeoides | |
Synonyms | |
Centaurium sebaeoides (Griseb.) Druce[3] |
Schenkia sebaeoides, known as ʻĀwiwi in
Until 2004 it was a member of genus Centaurium; it and several other species have since been transferred to other genera.[5] This is the only plant in the gentian family, Gentianaceae, that is native to Hawaii.[4]
This is an annual herb, one of only 3% of Hawaiian flora that have annual life cycles.[4] It often bears white flowers but pink flowers are not uncommon.[4]
The number and size of populations fluctuates quite a bit, and there may be unknown small, ephemeral populations that exist for a season and then die away.
This plant occurs in sand and volcanic and clay soils on bluffs and dunes in drier coastal areas.[4] A major threat to the species is the invasion of introduced plant species such as Casuarina equisetifolia, C. glauca, Prosopis pallida, and Bryophyllum pinnatum.[4] Each island has a different array of invasive flora, so management plans vary.[4] Casuarina species are among the worst offenders because they spread so thickly they outcompete smaller plants.[4] Many parts of its habitat are degraded by livestock including cattle and goats, which trample and compact the soil, and by off-road vehicles.[4] This damage can lead to erosion.[4] Plants occurring near trails may be trampled by hikers.[4] Fire is a threat to some populations.[4]
References
- ^ a b Bruegmann, M.M. & Caraway, V. 2003. Centaurium sebaeoides. 2010 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 30 January 2011.
- ^ "Schenkia sebaeoides Griseb". Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 2009-10-28.
- ^ "Schenkia sebaeoides". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2009-10-28.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q USFWS. Centaurium sebaeoides Five Year Review. August 27, 2010.
- JSTOR 4135447.
External links
- Data related to Schenkia sebaeoides at Wikispecies
- "Centaurium sebaeoides (awiwi)". Plants of Hawaii. Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk.