Schistosoma mekongi
Schistosoma mekongi | |
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Platyhelminthes |
Class: | Trematoda |
Order: | Diplostomida |
Family: | Schistosomatidae |
Genus: | Schistosoma |
Species: | S. mekongi
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Binomial name | |
Schistosoma mekongi Voge, Bruckner & Bruce, 1978
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Schistosoma mekongi is a species of trematodes, also known as flukes. It is one of the five major schistosomes that account for all human infections, the other four being S. haematobium, S. mansoni, S. japonicum, and S. intercalatum. This trematode causes schistosomiasis in humans.
Freshwater snail
History
Schistosomiasis was first reported in the
Characteristics
Schistosoma mekongi shares many general characteristics with other schistosomes, particularly S. japonicum, but it does have crucial differences. S. mekongi eggs are 30–55 μm and have a diminutive spine, and only 95 per mating pair are produced per day, whereas S. japonicum eggs are larger and produce on average 250 per day. N. aperta infected release on 42 cercaria per day, far lower than other Schistosomes.[4]
Epidemiology
Schistosoma mekongi is found in the Lower Mekong river basin region, from
Attempting to control the
Life cycle/etiology
Schistosoma mekongi infections are caused by the penetration of the skin by the cercariae stage of the parasite. Eggs are released into the water in urine or fecal matter. These eggs hatch and release miracidia, which penetrate and infect the intermediate host, the snail Neotricula aperta. Sporocysts are then released in the water by either successive generations of snails or by predatory birds in the area eating infected snails and defecating the sporocysts in the water. The sporocysts then mature into cercariae that penetrate the skin and develop into schistosomulae. The schistosomulae circulate in the host blood and turn into adults. Adult worms release eggs into the bloodstream that lodge in the small capillaries of the intestine or bladder, penetrate the wall, and are released in feces or urine, respectively. The cycle then repeats itself. Schistosoma mekongi is much like Schistosoma japonicum in that adults more frequently in the superior mesenteric veins, but can be found in the central nervous system.[5]
Treatment and prevention
Treatment for all types of schistosomiasis are the same, but first step to treatment is always to see a physician. They will likely treat you with praziquantel for 1–2 days to treat all schistosomiasis infections. To prevent yourself from getting the parasite you should boil all drinking water and try to restrain from swimming in areas of slow current or evidence of rotting wood in the dry season.[6]
Reservoir hosts
The
References
- ^ PMID 18350111.
- ^ PMID 15081945.
- ^ a b Virak Khieu;Somphou Sayasone; Siuon Muth; Masashi Kirinoki; Sakhone Laymanivong; Hiroshi Ohmae; Rekol Huy; Thipphavanh Chanthapaseuth; Aya Yajima; Rattanaxay Phetsouvanh; Robert Bergquist; Peter Odermatt(2019/02/7) "Elimination of Schistosomiasis Mekongi from Endemic Areas in Cambodia and the Lao People's Democratic Republic: Current Status and Plans". Nation Center for Parasitology
- ^ Hebner, Rebecca. "Schistosoma mekongi". Parasites and Pestilence. Stanford University. Retrieved 2017-04-24.
- ^ CDC DPDx. Accessed: 2020/4/25. Last updated: 2019/8/14. https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/schistosomiasis/index.html
- ^ CDC (2018/12/18)
External links
- Schistosoma, blood fluke at Metapathogen.com
- "ParaSite: Schistosoma Mekongi"