Schwyz
Schwyz | |
---|---|
Coat of arms | |
Sattel, Steinen | |
Website | www SFSO statistics |
Schwyz (German pronunciation: [ʃviːts] ⓘ; French: Schwytz; Italian: Svitto) is a town and the capital of the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.
The Federal Charter of 1291 or Bundesbrief, the charter that eventually led to the foundation of Switzerland, can be seen at the Bundesbriefmuseum.
The official language of Schwyz is (the Swiss variety of)
Name
The earliest certain record of the name dates to 972, recorded in Medieval Latin as villa Suittes. There are a number of uncertain records dated between 924 and 960, in the form Swites (Suuites) and Switz.[3] The name is recorded as Schwitz in the 13th century, and in the 17th to 18th century often as Schweitz. The name's etymology is uncertain. It was long presented as derived from the name of an
The name Schwyz was extended to the area dominated by Schwyz (the Canton of Schwyz), and later to the entire Old Swiss Confederacy. Other cantons tended to resent this in the 15th century, but after 1499 the term Schwyzer was widely self-adopted, out of spite so to speak, since it had been employed as a term of abuse by the Swabian side during the Swabian War. Eidgenossenschaft and Schwytzerland (the origin of the English name Switzerland) could be used interchangeably as country names in the 16th century.
The Swiss German pronunciation [ʃviːts] is the same for the name of the town and that of the country (the two are distinguished only by use of the definite article for the latter, [ʃviːts] "Schwyz", [tʃviːts] "Switzerland"). The spelling of y for [iː] originates from the ligature ij in 15th-century handwriting.
History
While a few
Because Schwyz was the capital of a canton, many of the government organizations administered both the town and the canton at the same time, and the history of the town is closely tied to the history of the canton.
According to the chronicle of Johann Stumpf from 1548, the old town originally consisted of a village square, the church and its cemetery, the town hall, the inn, the archive tower and a number of scattered wooden houses. Around 1500, to distinguish it from the Canton of Schwyz, Schwyz town was often called Kilchgassen, which meant the village around the church but not the surrounding villages. The fire of 1642, which destroyed 47 buildings in the center of the village, allowed the town to be totally rebuilt. A new, larger town square with major roads radiating out was built in front of the new church and the new city hall. The houses were rebuilt as urban townhouses and a ring of about 30 large patrician farm houses grew up surrounding the village center.[9]
Geography
Besides the town of Schwyz, the municipality includes the settlements of
Schwyz has an area, as of 2006[update], of 53.2 square kilometers (20.5 sq mi). Of this area, 46.4% is used for agricultural purposes, while 39.1% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 8.7% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (5.8%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains).[11]
Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Gules, a Confederate cross couped in the hoist argent.[12]
Demographics
Schwyz had a population (as of December 2020[update]) of 15,435.[13] As of 2008[update], 15.6% of the population were resident foreign nationals. Over the year 2010–2011 the population reduced by 0.6%. Migration accounted for −0.9%, while births and deaths accounted for 0.0%.[11] Most of the population (as of 2000[update]) speaks German (12,441 or 90.1%) as their first language, Serbo-Croatian is the second most common (378 or 2.7%) and Italian is the third (273 or 2.0%). There are 23 people who speak French and 25 people who speak Romansh.[14]
As of 2008[update], the population was 49.9% male and 50.1% female. The population was made up of 5,824 Swiss men (42.2% of the population), 1,058 (7.7%) non-Swiss men, 5,932 Swiss women (43.0%) and 988 (7.2%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 6,681 or about 48.4% were born in Schwyz and lived there in 2000. There were 2,195 or 15.9% who were born in the same canton, while 2,780 or 20.1% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 1,797 or 13.0% were born outside of Switzerland.[14]
As of 2000[update], children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 25.6% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 60.3% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 14.1%.[11]
As of 2000[update], there were 6,314 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 6,305 married individuals, 722 widows or widowers and 461 individuals who are divorced.[14]
As of 2000[update], there were 5,250 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.5 persons per household.[11] There were 1,582 households that consist of only one person and 536 households with five or more people. In 2000[update], a total of 4,968 apartments (90.3% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 375 apartments (6.8%) were seasonally occupied and 156 apartments (2.8%) were empty.[15] As of 2009[update], the construction rate of new housing units was 4.8 new units per 1000 residents.[11]
As of 2003[update] the average price to rent an average apartment in Schwyz was 1185.58 Swiss francs (CHF) per month (US$950, £530, €760 approx. exchange rate from 2003). The average rate for a one-room apartment was 543.08 CHF (US$430, £240, €350), a two-room apartment was about 904.87 CHF (US$720, £410, €580), a three-room apartment was about 1068.78 CHF (US$860, £480, €680) and a six or more room apartment cost an average of 1461.34 CHF (US$1170, £660, €940). The average apartment price in Schwyz was 106.2% of the national average of 1116 CHF.[16] The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2010[update], was 0.25%.[11]
Historic population
The historical population is given in the following chart:[9]
Historic Population Data [9] | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | Total Population | German Speaking | Italian Speaking | Catholic | Protestant | Other | Jewish | Islamic | No religion given | Swiss | Non-Swiss |
1621 | 2,052 | ||||||||||
1669 | ca. 2,500 | ||||||||||
1743 | 4,639 | ||||||||||
1799 | 6,338 | ||||||||||
1802 | ca. 5,000 | ||||||||||
1837 | 5,225 | ||||||||||
1850 | 5,432 | 5,428 | 4 | 5,406 | 26 | ||||||
1870 | 6,137 | 6,114 | 38 | 5,987 | 167 | ||||||
1888 | 6,616 | 6,424 | 110 | 6,552 | 64 | 21 | 6,380 | 236 | |||
1900 | 7,398 | 7,072 | 246 | 7,268 | 129 | 18 | 1 | 6,911 | 487 | ||
1910 | 8,000 | 7,549 | 352 | 7,807 | 184 | 48 | 3 | 7,399 | 601 | ||
1930 | 8,256 | 7,866 | 245 | 8,004 | 246 | 50 | 7,830 | 426 | |||
1950 | 10,259 | 9,827 | 255 | 9,888 | 358 | 92 | 1 | 9,896 | 363 | ||
1970 | 12,194 | 11,206 | 744 | 11,615 | 501 | 209 | 5 | 17 | 11,080 | 1,114 | |
1990 | 12,872 | 11,530 | 453 | 11,420 | 667 | 849 | 3 | 225 | 160 | 11,319 | 1,553 |
2000 | 13,802 | 12,441 | 273 | 11,269 | 751 | 1,065 | 5 | 502 | 377 | 11,756 | 2,046 |
Heritage sites of national significance
The Bundesbriefmuseum (
-
Bundesbriefmuseum (Museum of the Swiss Charters of Confederation)
-
Hermitage with Chapel of the 14 Emergency Helpers and a Brothers' House
-
Forum der Schweizer Geschichte (Forum of Swiss History)
-
Ab Yberg im Grund House with St. Sebastian Chapel
-
Manor house "Mittleres Feldli" and Mythen
-
Bethlehem House at Reichsstrasse 9
-
Ceberg im Feldli House at Theodosiusweg 20
-
House at Gotthardstrasse 99, Ibach
-
Grosshus House at Strehlgasse 12
-
Immenfeld House
-
House at Langfeldweg 14, Kaltbach
-
House at Oberschönenbuch 79, Ibach
-
Hettlingerhäuser
-
Hofstatt Ital Reding
-
Parish Churchof St. Martin ith Kerchel and Heiligkreuz Chapel
-
Maihof
-
Palais Büeler (formerly Palais von Weber)
-
Rathaus(Town council house)
-
Reding House
-
State Archives of Schwyz
Politics
In the
Economy
As of 2010[update], Schwyz had an unemployment rate of 1.8%. As of 2008[update], there were 484 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 174 businesses involved in this sector. 2,756 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 179 businesses in this sector. 7,099 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 696 businesses in this sector.[11]
In 2008[update] the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 8,570. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 303, of which 273 were in agriculture and 30 were in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 2,647 of which 1,589 or (60.0%) were in manufacturing, 8 or (0.3%) were in mining and 928 (35.1%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 5,620. In the tertiary sector; 1,357 or 24.1% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 306 or 5.4% were in the movement and storage of goods, 272 or 4.8% were in a hotel or restaurant, 136 or 2.4% were in the information industry, 733 or 13.0% were the insurance or financial industry, 427 or 7.6% were technical professionals or scientists, 260 or 4.6% were in education and 1,053 or 18.7% were in health care.[19]
In 2000[update], there were 4,484 workers who commuted into the municipality and 2,168 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 2.1 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving.[20] Of the working population, 13.6% used public transportation to get to work, and 45.3% used a private car.[11]
Religion
From the 2000 census[update], 11,269 or 81.6% were
Education
In Schwyz about 4,873 or (35.3%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 1,473 or (10.7%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 1,473 who completed tertiary schooling, 71.1% were Swiss men, 19.4% were Swiss women, 5.3% were non-Swiss men and 4.1% were non-Swiss women.[14] As of 2000[update], there were 419 students in Schwyz who came from another municipality, while 186 residents attended schools outside the municipality.[20]
Schwyz is home to the Kantonsbibliothek Schwyz library. The library has (as of 2008[update]) 108,142 books or other media, and loaned out 136,064 items in the same year. It was open a total of 276 days with average of 29 hours per week during that year.[21]
A major school in Schwyz is the Kantonsschule Kollegium Schwyz (KKS), an upper Secondary school that is a Gymnasium and a vocational or technical college. The KKS has operated for over 150 years, though it builds on several older schools. The first Latin school in Schwyz opened in 1627 in the former Capuchin monastery of St. Josef im Loo. This school remained open until the 1798 French invasion. On 25 July 1841, the Jesuits laid the cornerstone of what would become the Jesuit College on the site of the modern Kollegium. The school opened in 1844 but only remained under Jesuit control for three years. In 1847, Federal troops marched into Schwyz to suppress the Catholic Sonderbund and forced the Jesuits to flee. It was reopened in 1855 under the Capuchin Father Theodosius Florentini and in the following year began teaching students. The school continued to teach students using both religious and secular teachers until the 1970s. In 1972, the lower Secondary students moved to Pfäffikon and the school became an upper Secondary Kantonsschule.[22]
Weather
Schwyz has an average of 149.2 days of rain per year and on average receives 1,629 mm (64.1 in) of
Transport
The A4 motorway, between Zürich and the Brunnen passes through the west of the municipality, and the town is linked to it by main roads and motorway junctions. Other main roads connect the town to Lucerne (along both banks of Lake Lucerne), to the Gotthard Pass and southern Switzerland, and to Pfaffikon and Einsiedeln in the north of the canton of Schwyz. A minor road crosses the Ibergeregg Pass to Oberiberg, providing an alternative route to Einsiedeln. Other minor roads reach to near the summits of both the Haggenegg Pass and Holzegg Pass, but only hiking trails actually cross these passes and continue to Alpthal.[10]
Early plans for the
From 6 October 1900 to 14 December 1963, the
The Rotenfluebahn, a
Notable people
- Theodor von Reding (1755 in Schwyz – 1809) a Spanish general, led Swiss and Spanish troops against Napoleon
- Alois von Reding (1765 in Schwyz – 1818) a Swiss patriot, military officer and politician, brother of Theodor
- Carl Elsener Sr. (1922 – 2013 in Schwyz) a Swiss entrepreneur with the Swiss Army knife
- Xavier Koller (born 1944 in Schwyz) a Swiss film director and screenwriter [26]
- Gertrud Leutenegger (born 1948 in Schwyz) a Swiss poet, novelist, playwright and theatre director
- Monika Kaelin (born 1954 in Schwyz) a model and actress [27]
- Sport
- Oscar Camenzind (born 1971 in Schwyz) a former professional road racing cyclist
- Luca Schuler (born 1998 in Schwyz) a Swiss freestyle skier, competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics
References
- ^ a b "Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeinden nach 4 Hauptbereichen". Federal Statistical Office. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
- ^ Error: Unable to display the reference properly. See the documentation for details.
- ^ Viktor Wiebel, 'Suittes – Schwyz – Schweiz : Geschichte und Deutung des Namens Schwyz' Mitteilungen des historischen Vereins des Kantons Schwyz 65 (1972) (retro.seals.ch)
- ^ Lexikon der schweizerischen Gemeindenamen, Frauenfeld 2005, 819f.
- ^ Wake, Isaac (1655). A three fold help to political observations contained in three discourses. Written by that learned and experienced gentleman, Sir Jsaac Wake. 1. The first concerning the thirteen cantons of the Helvetical League, or of the Switzers. 2. The second declaring the state of Italy, as it stood neer about the year 1625. 3. The third touching the proceedings of the King of Sweden in his wars in Germany. Published for the benefit of the diligent observer. Andrew Crook. p. 59.
- ^ Albert S. Gatschet, Ortsetymologische Forschungen als Beiträge zu einer Toponomastik der Schweiz, 1867.
- ^ Brandstetter, Die Ortsnamen Schwiz und Stans (1871). Svid- as a first element in Germanic names (such as Svidger, Svidbert, Svidulf) is somewhat rare but well recorded, Förtsemann, Altdeutsches Namenbuch (1856), 1138.
- ^ Stefan Sonderegger, 'Die Ausbildung der deutsch-romanischen Sprachgrenze in der Schweiz im Mittelalter', Rheinische Vierteljahrsblätter 31, Bonn, 1966/67, 223–290. A summary of the history of suggestions is given in Viktor Weibel, Suittes – Schwyz – Schweiz : Geschichte und Deutung des Namens Schwyz, Mitteilungen des historischen Vereins des Kantons Schwyz 65 (1972).
- ^ a b c d Schwyz in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
- ^ a b map.geo.admin.ch (Map). Swiss Confederation. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Swiss Federal Statistical Office accessed 11 December 2013
- ^ Flags of the World.com accessed 12-March-2012
- ^ "Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit". bfs.admin.ch (in German). Swiss Federal Statistical Office - STAT-TAB. 31 December 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
- ^ a b c d e STAT-TAB Datenwürfel für Thema 40.3 – 2000 Archived 9 August 2013 at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 2 February 2011
- ^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB – Datenwürfel für Thema 09.2 – Gebäude und Wohnungen Archived 7 September 2014 at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 28 January 2011
- ^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Rental prices Archived 23 April 2010 at the Wayback Machine 2003 data (in German) accessed 26 May 2010
- ^ "Kantonsliste A-Objekte". KGS Inventar (in German). Federal Office of Civil Protection. 2009. Archived from the original on 28 June 2010. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
- ^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office, Nationalratswahlen 2007: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung, nach Gemeinden/Bezirk/Canton (in German) accessed 28 May 2010
- ^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Betriebszählung: Arbeitsstätten nach Gemeinde und NOGA 2008 (Abschnitte), Sektoren 1–3 Archived 25 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 28 January 2011
- ^ a b Swiss Federal Statistical Office – Statweb Archived 4 August 2012 at archive.today (in German) accessed 24 June 2010
- ^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office, list of libraries Archived 6 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 14 May 2010
- ^ KKS website-history of the school Archived 27 March 2013 at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 28 February 2012
- ^ "Temperature and Precipitation Average Values-Table, 1961–1990" (in German, French, and Italian). Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology – MeteoSwiss. Archived from the original on 27 June 2009. Retrieved 8 May 2009., the weather station elevation is 480 meters above sea level.
- ^ "Was ist das große Geheimnis von Urotrin? -". list.wiki. 7 December 2021.
- ^ "So ist die Fahrt mit der neuen Rotenfluebahn". Neue Luzerner Zeitung (in German). 5 December 2014. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
- ^ IMDb Database retrieved 28 January 2019
- ^ IMDb Database retrieved 28 January 2019
External links
- Municipality of Schwyz (in German)
- Canton of Schwyz (in German)