Science and technology in Portugal
Science and technology in Portugal is mainly conducted within a network of
History
The
During the 16th century, in the
By the 18th century, under the enlightened political leadership of the Marquis of Pombal, the University of Coimbra was modernized with the appointment of new professors, both Portuguese and foreigners, and the establishment of several facilities directed towards the teaching of the natural sciences. Also in the 18th century, one of the oldest learned societies of Portugal, the Lisbon Academy of Sciences, was founded in 1779.
Historically, within the scope of the now defunct
In 1911, the oldest non-military Portuguese university degree-conferring institution of engineering was founded - it was the Instituto Superior Técnico, in Lisbon, as well as new Science Faculties in the newly founded University of Lisbon and Porto.
Post-World War II
In 1949, the Portuguese neurologist
The
The
In November 19, 2005, the International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory to be built in Braga, was announced by the head of Government of Spain and the Prime Minister of Portugal at the end of the XXI Portugal-Spain Summit that took place in Évora.
Research and development
In
The largest R&D units of the public universities (over 380 units in total which are distributed across 14 public universities) by number of peer-reviewed publications and research grants, include the
Several other scientific fields are covered by specialized research organizations which are noted for their role as technology business incubators, like the International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, the Instituto Pedro Nunes and Taguspark, a science park. The largest non-state-run research institutions in Portugal, include the Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência and the Champalimaud Foundation which recognises outstanding contributions to research in vision and associated areas through a major annual award.
The Champalimaud Foundation's research center at the mouth of the
The sole Portuguese science-related Laureate, having been awarded the
Research and development output
In 2001 Portugal was ranked 28th among countries that contributed to the top 1% of the world's highly cited publications. Accounting for 0.25% of these publications, Portugal ranked above South Africa (0.21%) and Iran (0.04%), but below Spain (2.08%), Ireland (0.36%), and Greece (0.3%).[4] Portugal was ranked 30th in the Global Innovation Index in 2023.[5]
European Innovation Scoreboard
2010 report
According to the European Innovation Scoreboard 2010, Portugal is one of the moderate innovators with a below average performance. Relative strengths are in open, excellent and attractive research systems, finance and support and innovators. Relative weaknesses are in firm investments, intellectual assets and outputs. Positive growth is observed for most indicators, and in particular for business
2011 report
The European Innovation Scoreboard 2011, placed Portugal-based innovation in the 15th position, with an impressive increase in innovation expenditure and output.[7]
Accredited R&D centers belonging to higher learning institutions
Research centers belonging to higher learning institutions accredited by FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, as of 2004:[8]
Type of institution | Number of research centers | Number of institutions |
---|---|---|
Public universities | 384 | 14 |
Public polytechnics | 8 | 15 |
Catholic University | 14 | 1 |
Private universities | 7 | N/A |
Other private institutions | 20 | N/A |
Total | 433 | N/A |
Portugal's European integration in science and technology
Within
Science museums, exhibits and divulgation
Notable organizations focused on science-related exhibits and divulgation, include the state agency Ciência Viva, a programme of the Portuguese Ministry of Science and Technology to the promotion of a scientific and technological culture among the Portuguese population,[9] the Science Museum of the University of Coimbra, the Museum of Natural History at the University of Lisbon, the Visionarium and the Lisbon Oceanarium.
Science parks
With the emergence and growth of several
). Companies locate in the Portuguese science parks to take advantage of a variety of services ranging from financial and legal advice through to marketing and technological support.Noted contributors to science and technology
Some examples of notable Portuguese people who had made important contributions to science and technology, becoming in their time internationally known within their respective field, include:
- Corino Andrade - 20th century researcher who first described the familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy
- António Damásio- 20th/21st century researcher in several areas of the neurology, and a best-selling author of books which describe his scientific thinking
- Elvira Fortunato - Born in 1964, a professor, scientist and innovator in the field of paper electronics, including transistors, memories, sensors, batteries, displays, antennas, and solar cells
- Amato Lusitano - 16th century physician, discovered the circulation of the blood, was one of the first to observe and speculate about the venous valves found in the azygos vein
- Froilano de Mello - 20th century microbiologist and medical scientist
- Egas Moniz- 20th century Nobel Prize in Medicine "for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses", he also was a pioneer in the development of cerebral angiography
- Pedro Nunes - 16th century mathematician, one of the greatest of his time, he is best known for his contributions in the technical field of navigation
- Garcia de Orta - 16th century physician and naturalist, he was a pioneer of tropical medicine
See also
- Agência de Inovação
- Higher education in Portugal
- Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia
- Open access in Portugal
References
- ^ Pedro Nunes Salaciense
- ^ a b (in Portuguese) Portugal é o país da UE onde despesa em investigação e desenvolvimento mais cresceu, Público (December 13, 2008)
- ^ Portugal foundation aims for a cutting edge[dead link], Los Angeles Times
- ^ See the analysis of King, D.A., The scientific Impact of Nations – What difference countries for their research spending, Nature, vol. 430, 15 July 2004
- ISBN 9789280534320. Retrieved 2023-10-23.
- ^ Portugal - PRO INNO EUROPE
- ^ Portugal ganha terreno no ranking da inovação, Público (February 1, 2011)
- ^ FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia
- ^ Ciência Viva
- ^ Tecparques - Associação Portuguesa de Parques de Ciência e Tecnologia Archived 2011-04-28 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Madeira Tecnopolo
- ^ Sines Tecnopolo
- ^ Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia da Covilhã (Parkurbis)