Science and technology in Switzerland

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

The still active NASA's Mars Exploration Rovers are powered by Swiss-built motors.[1]
The Learning Center of the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL). A famous building of the Lausanne campus.
The Tokamak à configuration variable, research fusion reactor, at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne.
aerial circumnavigation
of the globe between 2015 and 2016.

Science and technology in Switzerland play an important role in the Swiss economy, which has very few

natural resources that are available in the country. The Swiss National Science Foundation
, mandated by the Federal government, is the most important institute for promoting scientific research.

The raw output of scientific research from Switzerland consistently ranks within the top 20.[2] Switzerland was ranked 1st in the Global Innovation Index in 2023, the same position as 2021, 2020 and 2019[3][4]

Institutions

Universities

Main article: List of universities in Switzerland

The first university, the University of Basel, was founded in 1460 and today the country has twelve universities.

Research institutes

Museums

Researchers

Some famous Swiss scientists: Leonhard Euler, Louis Agassiz, Albert Einstein and Auguste Piccard

With 57% of its researchers coming from other countries, Switzerland is the country with the world highest proportion of foreign researchers.[6][7]

Scientific

Astronomy and space program

Main article: Swiss Space Office
Oerlikon Space supplies the payload fairings for the Ariane 5 launcher.

Switzerland Space Agency, the Swiss Space Office, has been involved in various space technologies and programs. In addition it was one of the 10 founders of the

RUAG Space
(payload fairings) or Maxon Motors (mars rovers).

United States space program
.

In the field of astronomy,

extrasolar planet orbiting a sun-like star.[8]

Mathematics

See also: Swiss Mathematical Society

Leonhard Euler is considered to be the preeminent mathematician of the 18th century and one of the greatest of all time. A statement attributed to Pierre-Simon Laplace expresses Euler's influence on mathematics: "Read Euler, read Euler, he is the master of us all."[9] Euler made important discoveries in fields as diverse as calculus and graph theory. He also introduced much of the modern mathematical terminology and notation, particularly for mathematical analysis, such as the notion of a

mathematical function
.

The

Bernoulli's rule
...).

Physics

Person of the Century
" by Time.

More recently, in 1987,

Karl Alexander Müller received the Nobel prize for his work on High-temperature superconductivity
.

Furthermore, the CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research) is located in Switzerland near Geneva.

Chemistry

In the field of chemistry

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Paul Hermann Müller received the Nobel prize for his discovery of the insecticidal qualities of DDT
.

Engineering

See also:
Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain

According to one

EPFL source, globally, 4 out of the 20 top labs in the field of AI are located in Switzerland.[11]

Biological and earth sciences

restriction endonucleases which are essential for all modern biotechnology. The Swiss born Edmond H. Fischer (Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1992) discovered how reversible phosphorylation works as a switch to activate proteins. Rolf M. Zinkernagel (Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1996) is famous for his work on the immune system
.

Psychology

Analytical Psychology
. Jung is considered the first modern psychiatrist to view the human psyche as "by nature religious" and make it the focus of exploration.

See also

Notes and references

  1. ^ Swiss technology powers Mars mission swissinfo.ch 20 February 2002
  2. ^ Top 20 Country Rankings in All Fields, 2006, Thomson Corporation, retrieved 30 March 2009.
  3. ^ "Global Innovation Index 2021". World Intellectual Property Organization. United Nations. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  4. ^ Global Innovation Index 2021, Switzerland.
  5. ^ Jigme Garne, Elisabetta Antonelli (20 November 2014). "Technorama vermehrt auf Sponsoring angewiesen" (in German). Der Landbote. Retrieved 17 December 2014.
  6. ^ (in French) Olivier Dessibourg, "La Suisse, carrefour de la circulation des cerveaux", Le Temps, Thursday 15 November 2012, p. 14.
  7. ^ See also academic mobility.
  8. S2CID 4339201
    .
  9. ^ Dunham, William (1999). Euler: The Master of Us All. The Mathematical Association of America. xiii. "Lisez Euler, lisez Euler, c'est notre maître à tous."
  10. ^ "Einstein's nationalities at einstein-website.de". Retrieved 30 March 2009.
  11. ^ "Swiss robotics moves from research to delivering products".
  12. ^ "Home". fmi.ch.

External links

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